Results for 'generating partitions'

968 found
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  1.  49
    Finite Partitions and Their Generators.George Weaver - 1974 - Zeitschrift fur mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der Mathematik 20 (13-18):255-260.
  2.  16
    Two Remarks on Partitions of ω with Finite Blocks.Stanislav Krajči - 1999 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 45 (3):415-420.
    We prove that all algebras P/IR, where the IR-'s are ideals generated by partitions of W into finite and arbitrary large elements, are isomorphic and homogeneous. Moreover, we show that the smallest size of a tower of such partitions with respect to the eventually-refining preordering is equal to the smallest size of a tower on ω.
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  3.  17
    A Spherical Phase Space Partitioning Based Symbolic Time Series Analysis (SPSP—STSA) for Emotion Recognition Using EEG Signals.Hoda Tavakkoli & Ali Motie Nasrabadi - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16.
    Emotion recognition systems have been of interest to researchers for a long time. Improvement of brain-computer interface systems currently makes EEG-based emotion recognition more attractive. These systems try to develop strategies that are capable of recognizing emotions automatically. There are many approaches due to different features extractions methods for analyzing the EEG signals. Still, Since the brain is supposed to be a nonlinear dynamic system, it seems a nonlinear dynamic analysis tool may yield more convenient results. A novel approach in (...)
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  4.  29
    Towards building knowledge by merging multiple ontologies with CoMerger: A partitioning-based approach.Samira Babalou & Birgitta König-Ries - 2023 - Applied ontology 18 (4):307-341.
    Ontologies are the prime way of organizing data in the Semantic Web. Often, it is necessary to combine several, independently developed ontologies to obtain a complete representation of a domain of interest. The complementarity of existing ontologies can be leveraged by merging them. Existing approaches for ontology merging mostly implement a binary merge. However, with the growing number and size of relevant ontologies across domains, scalability becomes a central challenge. A multi-ontology merging technique offers a potential solution to this problem. (...)
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  5.  38
    " Why Did We Have the Partition?" The Making of a Research Interest.Satish Saberwal - 2005 - Journal of Research Practice 1 (1):Article M3.
    This "case study" examines the shaping of a research interest. It turns on the Partition of the South Asian subcontinent in 1947, leading to the Independence and establishment of the sovereign states of Pakistan and India. The Partition was a climax within a pattern of recurrent violence in the name of Hindus and Muslims for several generations before 1947, a pattern that recurs at lower intensity continually. This study explores the emerging of an interest in the social origins of the (...)
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  6.  82
    Model theoretic connected components of finitely generated nilpotent groups.Nathan Bowler, Cong Chen & Jakub Gismatullin - 2013 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 78 (1):245-259.
    We prove that for a finitely generated infinite nilpotent group $G$ with structure $(G,\cdot,\dots)$, the connected component ${G^*}^0$ of a sufficiently saturated extension $G^*$ of $G$ exists and equals nN{gn ⁣:gG}. \bigcap_{n\in\N} \{g^n\colon g\in G^*\}. We construct an expansion of ${\mathbb Z}$ by a predicate $({\mathbb Z},+,P)$ such that the type-connected component ${{\mathbb Z}^*}^{00}_{\emptyset}$ is strictly smaller than ${{\mathbb Z}^*}^0$. We generalize this to finitely generated virtually solvable groups. As a corollary of our construction we obtain an optimality result for (...)
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  7. Formalizing UMLS Relations Using Semantic Partitions in the Context of a Task-Based Clinical Guidelines Model.Anand Kumar, Matteo Piazza, Barry Smith, Silvana Quaglini & Mario Stefanelli - 2004 - In Anand Kumar, Matteo Piazza, Barry Smith, Silvana Quaglini & Mario Stefanelli, Formalizing UMLS Relations Using Semantic Partitions in the Context of a Task-Based Clinical Guidelines Model. Saarbrücken: IFOMIS.
    An important part of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is its Semantic Network, consisting of 134 Semantic Types connected to each other by edges formed by one or more of 54 distinct Relation Types. This Network is however for many purposes overcomplex, and various groups have thus made attempts at simplification. Here we take this work further by simplifying the relations which involve the three Semantic Types – Diagnostic Procedure, Laboratory Procedure and Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure. We define operators (...)
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  8.  67
    A Characterization of the free n-generated MV-algebra.Daniele Mundici - 2006 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 45 (2):239-247.
    An MV-algebra A=(A,0,¬,⊕) is an abelian monoid (A,0,⊕) equipped with a unary operation ¬ such that ¬¬x=x,x⊕¬0=¬0, and y⊕¬(y⊕¬x)=x⊕¬(x⊕¬y). Chang proved that the equational class of MV-algebras is generated by the real unit interval [0,1] equipped with the operations ¬x=1−x and x⊕y=min(1,x+y). Therefore, the free n-generated MV-algebra Free n is the algebra of [0,1]-valued functions over the n-cube [0,1] n generated by the coordinate functions ξ i ,i=1, . . . ,n, with pointwise operations. Any such function f is a (...)
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  9.  79
    Complementarity in Classical Dynamical Systems.Harald Atmanspacher - 2006 - Foundations of Physics 36 (2):291-306.
    The concept of complementarity, originally defined for non-commuting observables of quantum systems with states of non-vanishing dispersion, is extended to classical dynamical systems with a partitioned phase space. Interpreting partitions in terms of ensembles of epistemic states (symbols) with corresponding classical observables, it is shown that such observables are complementary to each other with respect to particular partitions unless those partitions are generating. This explains why symbolic descriptions based on an ad hoc partition of an underlying (...)
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  10. Contextual Emergence of Mental States From Neurodynamics.Harald Atmanspacher - unknown
    The emergence of mental states from neural states by partitioning the neural phase space is analyzed in terms of symbolic dynamics. Well-defined mental states provide contexts inducing a criterion of structural stability for the neurodynamics that can be implemented by particular partitions. This leads to distinguished subshifts of finite type that are either cyclic or irreducible. Cyclic shifts correspond to asymptotically stable fixed points or limit tori whereas irreducible shifts are obtained from generating partitions of mixing hyperbolic (...)
     
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  11. Contextual emergence from physics to cognitive neuroscience.Harald Atmanspacher - 2007 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 14 (1-2):18-36.
    The concept of contextual emergence has been proposed as a non-reductive, yet well- defined relation between different levels of description of physical and other systems. It is illustrated for the transition from statistical mechanics to thermodynamical properties such as temperature. Stability conditions are shown to be crucial for a rigorous implementation of contingent contexts that are required to understand temperature as an emergent property. Are such stability conditions meaningful for contextual emergence beyond physics as well? An affirmative example from cognitive (...)
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  12.  26
    Topological Models of Rough Sets and Decision Making of COVID-19.Mostafa A. El-Gayar & Abd El Fattah El Atik - 2022 - Complexity 2022 (1):2989236.
    The basic methodology of rough set theory depends on an equivalence relation induced from the generated partition by the classification of objects. However, the requirements of the equivalence relation restrict the field of applications of this philosophy. To begin, we describe two kinds of closure operators that are based on right and left adhesion neighbourhoods by any binary relation. Furthermore, we illustrate that the suggested techniques are an extension of previous methods that are already available in the literature. As a (...)
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  13. COMPLEXITY VALUATIONS: A GENERAL SEMANTIC FRAMEWORK FOR PROPOSITIONAL LANGUAGES.Juan Pablo Jorge, Hernán Luis Vázquez & Federico Holik - forthcoming - Actas Del Xvii Congreso Dr. Antonio Monteiro.
    A general mathematical framework, based on countable partitions of Natural Numbers [1], is presented, that allows to provide a Semantics to propositional languages. It has the particularity of allowing both the valuations and the interpretation Sets for the connectives to discriminate complexity of the formulas. This allows different adequacy criteria to be used to assess formulas associated with the same connective, but that differ in their complexity. The presented method can be adapted potentially infinite number of connectives and truth (...)
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  14. Retornando al Hotel de Hilbert.Juan Pablo Jorge & Hernán Luis Vázquez - 2021 - Revista de Educación Matemática 36 (2):67-87.
    Some partitions of Natural Number set are built through recursive processesgenerating in this manner countable examples of countable and disjoint sets whose unionis a set also countable. This process is constructive, so the Axiom of choice is not used.We provide a PC program that generates one of these special partitions and shows howto generate infinite of them. This line of reasoning can have multiple applications in Settheory and Model theory. We proved that the number of ways to make (...)
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  15.  14
    Reparative Universities: Why Diversity Alone Won't Solve Racism in Higher Ed.Ariana González Stokas - 2023 - Johns Hopkins University Press.
    Machine generated contents note: Prelude -- Introduction -- Part I: A Cabinet of Diversity -- 1. Object 1: Diversity Doesn't Work? -- 2. Object 2: Dominance -- 3. Object 3: From Wunderkammner to the Majors -- 4. Object 4: Patrol/Willy -- 5. Object 5: Accumulation/Difference that Makes No Difference -- 6. Object 6: Colorblindness/Federalist Paper no.6 -- 7. Object 7: Partition/No. 76-811: A Grievance Not of Their Making -- 8. Object 8: The Morrill Acts: "The Land Grab University" -- 9. (...)
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  16.  59
    The Next Best Thing to a P-Point.Andreas Blass, Natasha Dobrinen & Dilip Raghavan - 2015 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 80 (3):866-900.
    We study ultrafilters onω2produced by forcing with the quotient of${\cal P}$(ω2) by the Fubini square of the Fréchet filter onω. We show that such an ultrafilter is a weak P-point but not a P-point and that the only nonprincipal ultrafilters strictly below it in the Rudin–Keisler order are a single isomorphism class of selective ultrafilters. We further show that it enjoys the strongest square-bracket partition relations that are possible for a non-P-point. We show that it is not basically generated but (...)
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  17.  94
    Perspectives on a Pair of Envelopes.Piers Rawling - 1997 - Theory and Decision 43 (3):253-277.
    The two envelopes problem has generated a significant number of publications (I have benefitted from reading many of them, only some of which I cite; see the epilogue for a historical note). Part of my purpose here is to provide a review of previous results (with somewhat simpler demonstrations). In addition, I hope to clear up what I see as some misconceptions concerning the problem. Within a countably additive probability framework, the problem illustrates a breakdown of dominance with respect to (...)
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  18.  18
    The government of migrant mobs: Temporary divisible multiplicities in border zones.Martina Tazzioli - 2017 - European Journal of Social Theory 20 (4):473-490.
    This article engages with the production and government of migrant multiplicities in border zones of Europe, arguing that the specificity of migrant multiplicities consists in their temporary and divisible character. It is argued that there are three different forms of migrant multiplicities: (1) the multiplicity produced due to migrants’ spatial proximity; (2) the virtual multiplicity generated through data; and (3) the visualized and narrated multiplicity that emerges from media portraits of the ‘spectacle’ of the arrivals of migrants. It is claimed (...)
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  19.  20
    A Specific Algorithm Based on Motion Direction Prediction.Zhesen Chu & Min Li - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-11.
    In this paper, we study the estimation of motion direction prediction for fast motion and propose a threshold-based human target detection algorithm using motion vectors and other data as human target feature information. The motion vectors are partitioned into regions by normalization to form a motion vector field, which is then preprocessed, and then the human body target is detected through its motion vector region block-temporal correlation to detect the human body motion target. The experimental results show that the algorithm (...)
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  20.  31
    Asymmetric Segregation of Aged Spindle Pole Bodies During Cell Division: Mechanisms and Relevance Beyond Budding Yeast?Jette Lengefeld & Yves Barral - 2018 - Bioessays 40 (8):1800038.
    Asymmetric cell division generates cell diversity and contributes to cellular aging and rejuvenation. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms enabling budding yeast to recognize spindle pole bodies (SPB, centrosome equivalent) based on their age, and guide their non‐random mitotic segregation: SPB inheritance requires the distinction of old from new SPBs and is regulated by the SPB‐inheritance network (SPIN) and the mitotic exit network (MEN). The SPIN marks the pre‐existing SPB as old and the MEN recognizes these marks translating them into (...)
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  21.  22
    Maurice Janet’s algorithms on systems of linear partial differential equations.Kenji Iohara & Philippe Malbos - 2020 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 75 (1):43-81.
    This article describes the emergence of formal methods in theory of partial differential equations in the French school of mathematics through Janet’s work in the period 1913–1930. In his thesis and in a series of articles published during this period, Janet introduced an original formal approach to deal with the solvability of the problem of initial conditions for finite linear PDE systems. His constructions implicitly used an interpretation of a monomial PDE system as a generating family of a multiplicative (...)
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  22. Supermultiplicity and the relativistic Coulomb problem with arbitrary spin.M. Moshinsky, A. Del Sol Mesa & V. Riquer - 1997 - Foundations of Physics 27 (8):1139-1157.
    The Hamiltonian for n relativistic electrons without interaction but in a Coulomb potential is well known. If in this Hamiltonian we take r ′ u =r′, P ′ u =P′ with u=1,2,..., n, we obtain a one-body problem in a Coulomb field, but the appearance of n of the α u , u=1,..., n, each of which corresponds to spin $\tfrac{1}{2}$ , indicates that we may have spins up to (n/2). We analyze this last problem first by denoting the 4×4 (...)
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  23.  74
    The density of the meet-inaccessible r. e. degrees.Zhang Qinglong - 1992 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 57 (2):585-596.
    In this paper it is shown that the meet-inaccessible degrees are dense in R. The construction uses an 0''-priority argument. As a consequence, the meet-inaccessible degrees and the meet-accessible degrees give a partition of R into two sets, either of which is a nontrivial dense subset of R and generates R - {0} under joins (thus an automorphism base of R).
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  24. Identity and the Limits of Fair Assessment.Rush T. Stewart - 2022 - Journal of Theoretical Politics 34 (3):415-442.
    In many assessment problems—aptitude testing, hiring decisions, appraisals of the risk of recidivism, evaluation of the credibility of testimonial sources, and so on—the fair treatment of different groups of individuals is an important goal. But individuals can be legitimately grouped in many different ways. Using a framework and fairness constraints explored in research on algorithmic fairness, I show that eliminating certain forms of bias across groups for one way of classifying individuals can make it impossible to eliminate such bias across (...)
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  25. Praise, blame, obligation, and DWE: Toward a framework for classical supererogation and kin.Paul McNamara - 2011 - Journal of Applied Logic 9 (2):153-170.
    Continuing prior work by the author, a simple classical system for personal obligation is integrated with a fairly rich system for aretaic (agent-evaluative) appraisal. I then explore various relationships between definable aretaic statuses such as praiseworthiness and blameworthiness and deontic statuses such as obligatoriness and impermissibility. I focus on partitions of the normative statuses generated ("normative positions" but without explicit representation of agency). In addition to being able to model and explore fundamental questions in ethical theory about the connection (...)
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  26. (1 other version)The epistemological foundations of data science: a critical review.Luciano Floridi, Mariarosaria Taddeo, Vincent Wang, David Watson & Jules Desai - 2022 - Synthese 200 (6):1-27.
    The modern abundance and prominence of data have led to the development of “data science” as a new field of enquiry, along with a body of epistemological reflections upon its foundations, methods, and consequences. This article provides a systematic analysis and critical review of significant open problems and debates in the epistemology of data science. We propose a partition of the epistemology of data science into the following five domains: (i) the constitution of data science; (ii) the kind of enquiry (...)
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  27. Numerical simulations of the Lewis signaling game: Learning strategies, pooling equilibria, and the evolution of grammar.Jeffrey A. Barrett - unknown
    David Lewis (1969) introduced sender-receiver games as a way of investigating how meaningful language might evolve from initially random signals. In this report I investigate the conditions under which Lewis signaling games evolve to perfect signaling systems under various learning dynamics. While the 2-state/2- term Lewis signaling game with basic urn learning always approaches a signaling system, I will show that with more than two states suboptimal pooling equilibria can evolve. Inhomogeneous state distributions increase the likelihood of pooling equilibria, but (...)
     
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  28. Induction and knowledge-what.Peter Gärdenfors & Andreas Stephens - 2017 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 8 (3):1-21.
    Within analytic philosophy, induction has been seen as a problem concerning inferences that have been analysed as relations between sentences. In this article, we argue that induction does not primarily concern relations between sentences, but between properties and categories. We outline a new approach to induction that is based on two theses. The first thesis is epistemological. We submit that there is not only knowledge-how and knowledge-that, but also knowledge-what. Knowledge-what concerns relations between properties and categories and we argue that (...)
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  29. R. A. Fisher, Lancelot Hogben, and the Origin of Genotype–Environment Interaction.James Tabery - 2008 - Journal of the History of Biology 41 (4):717-761.
    This essay examines the origin of genotype-environment interaction, or G×E. "Origin" and not "the origin" because the thesis is that there were actually two distinct concepts of G×E at this beginning: a biometric concept, or G×EBG \times E_B, and a developmental concept, or G×EDG \times E_D . R. A. Fisher, one of the founders of population genetics and the creator of the statistical analysis of variance, introduced the biometric concept as he attempted to resolve one of the main problems in (...)
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  30.  36
    Cognitive Analysis of Educational Games: The Number Game.Han L. J. Maas & Enkhbold Nyamsuren - 2016 - Topics in Cognitive Science 8 (4).
    We analyze the cognitive strategies underlying performance in the Number task, a Math game that requires both arithmetic fluency and mathematical creativity. In this game all elements in a set of numbers have to be used precisely once to create a target number with basic arithmetic operations. We argue that some instances of this game are NP complete, by showing its relation to the well-known Partition problem. We propose heuristics based on the distinction in forward and backward reasoning. The Number (...)
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  31. Many-valued logics and Suszko's thesis revisited.Marcelo Tsuji - 1998 - Studia Logica 60 (2):299-309.
    Suszko's Thesis maintains that many-valued logics do not exist at all. In order to support it, R. Suszko offered a method for providing any structural abstract logic with a complete set of bivaluations. G. Malinowski challenged Suszko's Thesis by constructing a new class of logics (called q-logics by him) for which Suszko's method fails. He argued that the key for logical two-valuedness was the "bivalent" partition of the Lindenbaum bundle associated with all structural abstract logics, while his q-logics were generated (...)
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  32. The Puzzle of Self‐Deception.Maria Baghramian & Anna Nicholson - 2013 - Philosophy Compass 8 (11):1018-1029.
    It is commonly accepted that people can, and regularly do, deceive themselves. Yet closer examination reveals a set of conceptual puzzles that make self-deception difficult to explain. Applying the conditions for other-deception to self-deception generates what are known as the ‘paradoxes’ of belief and intention. Simply put, the central problem is how it is possible for me to believe one thing, and yet intentionally cause myself to simultaneously believe its contradiction. There are two general approaches taken by philosophers to account (...)
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  33.  55
    Between Two Worlds: East and West: An Autobiography (review). [REVIEW]William Edelglass - 2005 - Philosophy East and West 55 (1):139-148.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Between Two Worlds: East and West: An AutobiographyWilliam EdelglassBetween Two Worlds: East and West: An Autobiography. By J. N. Mohanty. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. x + 134.The British philosopher Anthony Quinton once described J. N. Mohanty as "The one and only x who is a specialist in Navya-Nyāya, Husserl, and Frege." Between Two Worlds: East and West is the extraordinary story of Mohanty's career as a (...)
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  34.  26
    Computing coproducts of finitely presented Gödel algebras.Ottavio M. D’Antona & Vincenzo Marra - 2006 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 142 (1):202-211.
    We obtain an algorithm to compute finite coproducts of finitely generated Gödel algebras, i.e. Heyting algebras satisfying the prelinearity axiom =1. We achieve this result using ordered partitions of finite sets as a key tool to investigate the category opposite to finitely generated Gödel algebras . We give two applications of our main result. We prove that finitely presented Gödel algebras have free products with amalgamation; and we easily obtain a recursive formula for the cardinality of the free Gödel (...)
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  35.  43
    Cognitively active externalization for situated reflection.Hajime Shirouzu, Naomi Miyake & Hiroyuki Masukawa - 2002 - Cognitive Science 26 (4):469-501.
    This paper offers an explanation of how collaboration leads to abstract and flexible problem solving. We asked the individual and paired subjects to indicate 3/4 of 2/3 of the area of a square sheet of paper and found that (1) they primarily folded or partitioned the paper rather than algorithmically calculating the answer, (2) they strongly tendened to backtrack and confirm their proto‐plans on externalized traces such as creases on the paper, and (3) only the paired subjects shifted to the (...)
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  36.  23
    Algebra Mal‐Rules and Cognitive Accounts of Error.Stephen J. Payne & Helen R. Squibb - 1990 - Cognitive Science 14 (3):445-481.
    We report an empirical study of elementary algebra errors, conducted in three separate schools. The errors are diagnosed using mal‐rules, as proposed by Sleeman (1984, 1,985). Our analysis uncovers the following properties of algebra mal‐rules: The frequency of mal‐rules is severely skewed, there are many infrequent mal‐rules and few frequent ones; mal‐rules are very unstable, students typically use mal‐rules very irregularly; different mal‐rules have explanatory power in different schools (many of our most powerful mal‐rules are previously unreported); mal‐rule diagnosis Is (...)
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  37.  24
    An Effective Chaos-Based Image Encryption Scheme Using Imitating Jigsaw Method.Zhen Li, Changgen Peng, Weijie Tan & Liangrong Li - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-18.
    In this paper, an efficient chaos-based image encryption scheme is proposed, which uses the imitating jigsaw method containing revolving and shifting operations. In this scheme, there are three processes in encryption: preprocessing, encryption process, and postprocessing. In the preprocessing, the original image is partitioned into 64 × 64 pixel image blocks and then randomly revolved and shifted under control sequences which are generated by the hyperchaotic Lorenz system whose initial conditions are calculated by original image and keys. Therefore, the preprocessing (...)
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  38.  43
    Topological Ramsey spaces from Fraïssé classes, Ramsey-classification theorems, and initial structures in the Tukey types of p-points.Natasha Dobrinen, José G. Mijares & Timothy Trujillo - 2017 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 56 (7-8):733-782.
    A general method for constructing a new class of topological Ramsey spaces is presented. Members of such spaces are infinite sequences of products of Fraïssé classes of finite relational structures satisfying the Ramsey property. The Product Ramsey Theorem of Sokič is extended to equivalence relations for finite products of structures from Fraïssé classes of finite relational structures satisfying the Ramsey property and the Order-Prescribed Free Amalgamation Property. This is essential to proving Ramsey-classification theorems for equivalence relations on fronts, generalizing the (...)
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  39.  32
    Automated analysis of the US presidential elections using Big Data and network analysis.Nello Cristianini, Giuseppe A. Veltri & Saatviga Sudhahar - 2015 - Big Data and Society 2 (1).
    The automated parsing of 130,213 news articles about the 2012 US presidential elections produces a network formed by the key political actors and issues, which were linked by relations of support and opposition. The nodes are formed by noun phrases and links by verbs, directly expressing the action of one node upon the other. This network is studied by applying insights from several theories and techniques, and by combining existing tools in an innovative way, including: graph partitioning, centrality, assortativity, hierarchy (...)
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  40.  27
    Four grades of ignorance-involvement and how they nourish the cognitive economy.John Woods - 2019 - Synthese 198 (4):3339-3368.
    In the human cognitive economy there are four grades of epistemic involvement. Knowledge partitions into distinct sorts, each in turn subject to gradations. This gives a fourwise partition on ignorance, which exhibits somewhat different coinstantiation possibilities. The elements of these partitions interact with one another in complex and sometimes cognitively fruitful ways. The first grade of knowledge I call “anselmian” to echo the famous declaration credo ut intelligam, that is, “I believe in order that I may come to (...)
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  41.  85
    Possibility and probability.Isaac Levi - 1989 - Erkenntnis 31 (2-3):365--86.
    De Finetti was a strong proponent of allowing 0 credal probabilities to be assigned to serious possibilities. I have sought to show that (pace Shimony) strict coherence can be obeyed provided that its scope of applicability is restricted to partitions into states generated by finitely many ultimate payoffs. When countable additivity is obeyed, a restricted version of ISC can be applied to partitions generated by countably many ultimate payoffs. Once this is appreciated, perhaps the compelling character of the (...)
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  42.  26
    Mitochondria, maternal inheritance, and asymmetric fitness: Why males die younger.Jonci N. Wolff & Neil J. Gemmell - 2013 - Bioessays 35 (2):93-99.
    Mitochondrial function is achieved through the cooperative interaction of two genomes: one nuclear (nuDNA) and the other mitochondrial (mtDNA). The unusual transmission of mtDNA, predominantly maternal without recombination is predicted to affect the fitness of male offspring. Recent research suggests the strong sexual dimorphism in aging is one such fitness consequence. The uniparental inheritance of mtDNA results in a selection asymmetry; mutations that affect only males will not respond to natural selection, imposing a male‐specific mitochondrial mutation load. Prior work has (...)
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  43.  14
    Mechanisms of Cultural Evolution in the Songs of Wild Bird Populations.Heather Williams - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Young songbirds draw the source material for their learned songs from parents, peers, and unrelated adults, as well as from innovation. These learned songs are used for intraspecific communication, and have well-documented roles for such functions as territory maintenance and mate attraction. The songs of wild populations differ, forming local “dialects” that may shift over time, suggesting that cultural evolution is at work. Recent work has focused on the mechanisms responsible for the cultural evolution of bird songs within a population, (...)
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  44. Localization and the interface between quantum mechanics, quantum field theory and quantum gravity II.Bert Schroer - 2010 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 41 (4):293-308.
    The main topics of this second part of a two-part essay are some consequences of the phenomenon of vacuum polarization as the most important physical manifestation of modular localization. Besides philosophically unexpected consequences, it has led to a new constructive “outside-inwards approach” in which the pointlike fields and the compactly localized operator algebras which they generate only appear from intersecting much simpler algebras localized in noncompact wedge regions whose generators have extremely mild almost free field behavior. -/- Another consequence of (...)
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  45. Three puzzles and eight gaps: What heritability studies and critical commentaries have not paid enough attention to.Peter Taylor - 2010 - Biology and Philosophy 25 (1):1-31.
    This article examines eight “gaps” in order to clarify why the quantitative genetics methods of partitioning variation of a trait into heritability and other components has very limited power to show anything clear and useful about genetic and environmental influences, especially for human behaviors and other traits. The first two gaps should be kept open; the others should be bridged or the difficulty of doing so should be acknowledged: 1. Key terms have multiple meanings that are distinct; 2. Statistical patterns (...)
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  46.  10
    Classes of Barren Extensions.Natasha Dobrinen & Dan Hathaway - 2021 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 86 (1):178-209.
    Henle, Mathias, and Woodin proved in [21] that, provided that${\omega }{\rightarrow }({\omega })^{{\omega }}$holds in a modelMof ZF, then forcing with$([{\omega }]^{{\omega }},{\subseteq }^*)$overMadds no new sets of ordinals, thus earning the name a “barren” extension. Moreover, under an additional assumption, they proved that this generic extension preserves all strong partition cardinals. This forcing thus produces a model$M[\mathcal {U}]$, where$\mathcal {U}$is a Ramsey ultrafilter, with many properties of the original modelM. This begged the question of how important the Ramseyness of$\mathcal (...)
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  47.  59
    Agreeing to disagree and dilation.Jiji Zhang, Hailin Liu & Teddy Seidenfeld - unknown
    We consider Geanakoplos and Polemarchakis’s generalization of Aumman’s famous result on “agreeing to disagree", in the context of imprecise probability. The main purpose is to reveal a connection between the possibility of agreeing to disagree and the interesting and anomalous phenomenon known as dilation. We show that for two agents who share the same set of priors and update by conditioning on every prior, it is impossible to agree to disagree on the lower or upper probability of a hypothesis unless (...)
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  48. Interpreting Focus: Presupposed or Expressive Meanings? A Comment on Geurts and Van der Sandt.Angelika Kratzer - 2004 - Theoretical Linguistics 30:123--136.
    The BPR assumes that we already know how sentences are partitioned into focused and backgrounded material, and this is quite legitimate, given the literature on the topic , von Stechow ). If the BPR was true, no more would have to be said about the meaning of focus. The behavior of whatever inferences are generated by backgrounding could be taken care of by theories dealing with the projection of presuppositions of the familiar kind, the presuppositions of definite descriptions, clefts, or (...)
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    Ramsey degrees of ultrafilters, pseudointersection numbers, and the tools of topological Ramsey spaces.Natasha Dobrinen & Sonia Navarro Flores - 2022 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 61 (7):1053-1090.
    This paper investigates properties of σ\sigma -closed forcings which generate ultrafilters satisfying weak partition relations. The Ramsey degree of an ultrafilter U{\mathcal {U}} for _n_-tuples, denoted t(U,n)t({\mathcal {U}},n), is the smallest number _t_ such that given any l2l\ge 2 and coloring c:[ω]nlc:[\omega ]^n\rightarrow l, there is a member XUX\in {\mathcal {U}} such that the restriction of _c_ to [X]n[X]^n has no more than _t_ colors. Many well-known σ\sigma -closed forcings are known to generate ultrafilters with finite Ramsey degrees, (...)
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    A Matricial Vue of Classical Syllogistic and an Extension of the Rules of Valid Syllogism to Rules of Conclusive Syllogisms with Indefinite Terms.Dan Constantin Radulescu - 2022 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 31 (3):465-491.
    One lists the distinct pairs of categorical premises formulable via only the positive terms, S,P,M, by constructing a six by six matrix obtained by pairing the six categorical P-premises, A, O, A, O, where P* ∈ {P,P′}, with the six, similar, categorical S-premises. One shows how five rules of valid syllogism, select only 15 distinct PCPs that entail logical consequences belonging to the set L+: = {A, O, A, E, O, I}. The choice of admissible LCs can be regarded as (...)
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