Results for 'singular statements'

957 found
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  1.  41
    Singular Statements.Gerald W. Lilje - 1987 - Teaching Philosophy 10 (3):219-225.
  2. (1 other version)Singular Statements and Essentialism in Aristotle.Michael V. Wedin - 1984 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy, Supplementary Volume 10:67.
     
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  3. The Confirmation of Singular Causal Statements by Carnap’s Inductive Logic.Yusuke Kaneko - 2012 - Logica Year Book 2011.
    The aim of this paper is to apply inductive logic to the field that, presumably, Carnap never expected: legal causation. Legal causation is expressible in the form of singular causal statements; but it is distinguished from the customary concept of scientific causation, because it is subjective. We try to express this subjectivity within the system of inductive logic. Further, by semantic complement, we compensate a defect found in our application, to be concrete, the impossibility of two-place predicates (for (...)
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  4. Singular causal statements and strict deterministic laws.Noa Latham - 1987 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 68 (1):29-43.
  5. Supervenience and Singular Causal Statements.James Woodward - 1990 - Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 27:211-246.
    In his recent book, Causation: A Realistic Approach , Michael Tooley discusses the following thesis, which he calls the ‘thesis of the Humean Supervenience of Causal Relations’: The truth values of all singular causal statements are logically determined by the truth values of statements of causal laws, together with the truth values of non-causal statements about particulars . represents one version of the ‘Humean’ idea that there is no more factual content to the claim that two (...)
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  6. Singular Causal Statements: A Reconsideration.Tom Beauchamp - 1974 - Philosophical Forum 5 (4):611.
     
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  7.  15
    Singular Terms and Statements of Identity.Dragan Stoianovici - 1973 - In Radu J. Bogdan & Ilkka Niiniluoto, Logic, language, and probability. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Pub. Co.. pp. 41--48.
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  8.  19
    “Counterfactual Conditionals” and Singular Causal Statements.Gabriel Nuchelmans - 1953 - Proceedings of the XIth International Congress of Philosophy 8:16-19.
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  9.  56
    On Our Understanding of Singular Negative Existential Statements: A Defense of Shallow Pretense Theory.Poong Shil Lee - 2021 - Philosophia 49 (5):2133-2155.
    In uttering negative existential sentences, we do not mention but use an empty singular term. A pretense account explains the use in terms of pretense. I argue that our understanding of negative existential statements can be successfully explained by Crimmins’ theory of shallow pretense if it is supplemented and reconstructed properly. First, I explain the notion of shallow pretense and supplement Crimmin’s theory with an Evansian account that we immediately grasp the phenomenology of what is pretended without a (...)
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  10.  63
    Singular causal statements.L. J. O'Neill - 1980 - Mind 89 (356):595-598.
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  11. Innocent statements and their metaphysically loaded counterparts.Thomas Hofweber - 2007 - Philosophers' Imprint 7:1-33.
    One puzzling feature of talk about properties, propositions and natural numbers is that statements that are explicitly about them can be introduced apparently without change of truth conditions from statements that don't mention them at all. Thus it seems that the existence of numbers, properties and propositions can be established`from nothing'. This metaphysical puzzle is tied to a series of syntactic and semantic puzzles about the relationship between ordinary, metaphysically innocent statements and their metaphysically loaded counterparts, (...) that explicitly mention numbers, properties and propositions, but nonetheless appear to be equivalent to the former. I argue that the standard solutions to the metaphysical puzzles make a mistaken assumption about the semantics of the loaded counterparts. Instead I propose a solution to the syntactic and semantic puzzles, and argue that this solution also gives us a new solution to the metaphysical puzzle. I argue that instead of containing more semantically singular terms that aim to refer to extra entities, the loaded counterparts are focus constructions. Their syntactic structure is in the service of presenting information with a focus, but not to refer to new entities. This will allow us to spell out Frege's metaphor of content carving. (shrink)
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  12.  45
    Truthlikeness for Quantitative Statements.Ilkka Niiniluoto - 1982 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1982:208 - 216.
    The most elaborate recent accounts of truthlikeness (verisimilitude) apply this notion primarily to generalizations in first-order languages with qualitative predicates. This paper outlines a new approach to the definition of truthlikeness for quantitative statements, including singular statements (point estimation), interval statements (interval estimation), and quantitative laws. In the case of laws, the basic issue is reduced to the topological problem of measuring the distance between two real-valued functions. The solution of this problem makes it possible to (...)
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  13.  39
    Bolzano and Husserl on singular existential statements.Christian Beyer - 2004 - In Arkadiusz Chrudzimski & Wolfgang Huemer, Phenomenology and analysis: essays on Central European philosophy. Lancaster: Ontos. pp. 69-88.
  14.  28
    Explaining away Singular Non-existence Statements.Karel Lambert - 1963 - Dialogue 1 (4):381-389.
  15. Alethic Statements Are Not Intensional.Ari Maunu - 2006 - Teorema: International Journal of Philosophy 25 (3):53-61.
    According to the standard view, alethic (or modal) statements are intensional in that the Principle of Substitution (PS) fails for them -- e.g. substituting 'nine' in "Necessarily, nine is composite" with the co-referring 'the number of planets' turns this statement from true to false. It is argued in the paper that we could avoid ascribing intensionality to alethic statements altogether by separating between singular and functional uses of definite descriptions: on the singular use the description given (...)
     
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  16.  31
    Reply to O'Neill on singular causal statements.Gerald Vision - 1982 - Mind 91 (362):273-276.
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  17. Neurath's protocol statements: A naturalistic theory of data and pragmatic theory of theory acceptance.Thomas E. Uebel - 1993 - Philosophy of Science 60 (4):587-607.
    Neurath's proposal for the form of protocol statements explicates the multiple embedding of a singular sentence as specifying different conditions for the acceptance of such a sentence as a bona fide scientific datum. Before theories are accepted or rejected in the light of such evidence, however, a further condition must be met which Neurath did not formalize. The different conditions are discussed and shown to constitute a naturalistic theory of scientific data and a pragmatic theory of theory acceptance.
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  18. Ambiguous Statements about Akrasia.Luis Rosa - 2022 - Journal of Philosophy 119 (11):581-601.
    Epistemologists take themselves to disagree about whether there are situations where it is rational for one to believe that p and rational for one to believe that one’s evidence does not support p (rational akrasia). The embedded sentence ‘one’s evidence does not support p’ can be interpreted in two ways, however, depending on what the semantic contribution of ‘one’s evidence’ is taken to be. ‘One’s evidence’ might be seen as a sheer indexical or as a descriptive singular term. The (...)
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  19.  50
    How did They Say That? Ethics Statements and Normative Frameworks at Best Companies to Work For.Kristine F. Hoover & Molly B. Pepper - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 131 (3):605-617.
    This empirical study explores aspects of how companies that are positively recognized by their workforce as “Best Companies to Work For” convey the underlying principles of their “trustworthy” culture. The study examines the normative ethical frameworks and affective language utilized in the ethics statements. Although multiple studies have considered normative ethical frameworks in individual ethical decision making, few have considered normative ethical frameworks in organization ethics statements. In addition, this study expands the analysis to include the ethic of (...)
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  20. Marc-Wogau and Mackie on Singular Causal Statements.Raymond Martin - 1971 - Philosophical Forum 3 (1):145.
     
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  21.  64
    Saying Something about a Concept: Frege on Statements of Number.Mark Textor - 2021 - History and Philosophy of Logic 42 (1):60-71.
    The paper gives a historically informed reconstruction of Frege's view of statements of number. The reconstruction supports Frege's claim that a statement can be 'about a concept' although it does not contain a singular term referring to the concept. Hence, Frege's philosophy of number is not subject to the problems Frege sees for singular reference to concepts.
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  22.  36
    Definite Descriptions Again: Singular Reference, Quantification and Truth-Evaluation.Petr Koťátko - 2009 - Organon F: Medzinárodný Časopis Pre Analytickú Filozofiu 16 (4):552-568.
    The author defends a combination of Strawson’s account of definite descriptions as devices of singular reference par excellence with the Russellian truth-evaluation of utterances of sentences with descriptions. The complex Russellian proposition is, according to the author’s view, introduced by such utterances into communication as a by-product of the instrumental side of an attempt to make a singular statement. This, precisely like the instrumental aspects of similar attempts exploiting names or demonstratives has to be reflected by analysis but (...)
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  23.  44
    On the Diagrammatic Representation of Existential Statements with Venn Diagrams.Amirouche Moktefi & Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen - 2015 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 24 (4):361-374.
    It is of common use in modern Venn diagrams to mark a compartment with a cross to express its non-emptiness. Modern scholars seem to derive this convention from Charles S. Peirce, with the assumption that it was unknown to John Venn. This paper demonstrates that Venn actually introduced several methods to represent existentials but felt uneasy with them. The resistance to formalize existentials was not limited to diagrammatic systems, as George Boole and his followers also failed to provide a satisfactory (...)
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  24. (1 other version)Review: G. Nuchelmans, "Counterfactual Conditionals" and Singular Causal Statements[REVIEW]John Watling - 1957 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 22 (4):389-390.
  25. Singular Terms, Predicates and the Spurious ‘Is’ of Identity.Danny Frederick - 2013 - Dialectica 67 (3):325-343.
    Contemporary orthodoxy affirms that singular terms cannot be predicates and that, therefore, ‘is’ is ambiguous as between predication and identity. Recent attempts to treat names as predicates do not challenge this orthodoxy. The orthodoxy was built into the structure of modern formal logic by Frege. It is defended by arguments which I show to be unsound. I provide a semantical account of atomic sentences which draws upon Mill's account of predication, connotation and denotation. I show that singular terms (...)
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  26.  89
    Logic and singular propositions.A. J. Baker - 1953 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 31 (3):155 – 169.
    The author contends that the analogies between "the logical roles of singular and universal statements" are important but do not "justify the conclusion that singular statements are reducible to propositions" of the forms a, E, I, And o. (staff).
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  27.  39
    A Fregran conception of singular existence.Charles Sayward - 2014 - Logic and Logical Philosophy 24 (1):3-18.
    A perplexity about singular existence statements is that for their negations to be true their subject terms do not name anything. For example, in ‘Pegasus does not exist’ ‘does not exist’ is not said in respect to the referent of ‘Pegasus’ since there is none. But, then, in respect to what is that said? The paper answers the question by proposing a metalinguistic interpretation of singular existence statements, according to which singular existence statements are (...)
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  28. Direct Reference and Singular Propositions.Matthew Davidson - 2000 - American Philosophical Quarterly 37 (3):285-300.
    Most direct reference theorists about indexicals and proper names have adopted the thesis that singular propositions about physical objects are composed of physical objects and properties.1 There have been a number of recent proponents of such a view, including Scott Soames, Nathan Salmon, John Perry, Howard Wettstein, and David Kaplan.2 Since Kaplan is the individual who is best known for holding such a view, let's call a proposition that is composed of objects and properties a K-proposition. In this paper, (...)
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  29. Actualism, Singular Propositions, and Possible Worlds: Essays in the Metaphysics of Modality.Aviv Hoffmann - 2002 - Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    My dissertation consists of three essays in the Metaphysics of Modality: In "A Puzzle about Truth and Singular Propositions," I consider two theses that seem to be true and then an argument for the conclusion that they form an inconsistent pair. One thesis is that a proposition that is singular with respect to a given object implies that the object exists. This is so because the proposition predicates something of the object. The other thesis is that some propositions (...)
     
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  30.  88
    Singular Propositions and the A Priori.Kai-Yee Wong - 1996 - Journal of Philosophical Research 21:107-116.
    In Frege’s Puzzle, Nathan Salmon argues that his theory of singular propositions enables him to refute Saul Kripke’s claim that some identity statements are necessary and yet a posteriori. In this paper, through a critical examination of Salmon’s rejoinders to my earlier objections to his argument, I show what implications the theory of singular propositions has for the notion of apriority. I argue that Salmon’s handling of the ‘trivialization problem,’ which presents serious difficulties for his ‘absolute’ account (...)
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  31. Teaching Syllogistic Logic via a Retooled Venn Diagrammatical Technique.Jeremiah Joven Joaquin & Robert James M. Boyles - 2017 - Teaching Philosophy 40 (2):161–180.
    In elementary logic textbooks, Venn diagrams are used to analyze and evaluate the validity of syllogistic arguments. Although the method of Venn diagrams is shown to be a powerful analytical tool in these textbooks, it still has limitations. On the one hand, such method fails to represent singular statements of the form, “a is F.” On other hand, it also fails to represent identity statements of the form, “a is b.” Because of this, it also fails to (...)
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  32.  41
    Reflecting stationary sets and successors of singular cardinals.Saharon Shelah - 1991 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 31 (1):25-53.
    REF is the statement that every stationary subset of a cardinal reflects, unless it fails to do so for a trivial reason. The main theorem, presented in Sect. 0, is that under suitable assumptions it is consistent that REF and there is a κ which is κ+n -supercompact. The main concepts defined in Sect. 1 are PT, which is a certain statement about the existence of transversals, and the “bad” stationary set. It is shown that supercompactness (and even the failure (...)
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  33. Making Causal Counterfactuals More Singular, and More Appropriate for Use in Law.Geert Keil - 2013 - In Benedikt Kahmen Markus Stepanians, Causation and Responsibility: Critical Essays. pp. 157-189.
    Unlike any other monograph on legal liability, Michael S. Moore’s book CAUSATION AND RESPONSIBILITY contains a well-informed and in-depth discussion of the metaphysics of causation. Moore does not share the widespread view that legal scholars should not enter into metaphysical debates about causation. He shows respect for the subtleties of philosophical debates on causal relata, identity conditions for events, the ontological distinctions between events, states of affairs, facts and tropes, and the counterfactual analysis of event causation, and he considers all (...)
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  34.  19
    Our Singular Absurdities.James Nikopoulos - 2021 - Journal of Philosophical Research 46:105-123.
    What is it about the concept of absurdity that allows it to be applied to everything from the nature of existence to statistical methodologies to slapstick comedy? This article seeks an answer in the structure of how we experience the phenomena regularly cited to substantiate absurdity claims, namely those putatively labeled ‘confusing,’ ‘humorous,’ or both. Taking its cue from evolutionary and phenomenological accounts of humor and confusion, and responding to the canonical statements of Albert Camus and Thomas Nagel, the (...)
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  35. On explanatory relata in singular causal explanation.Eugen Zeleňák - 2009 - Theoria 75 (3):179-195.
    Explanation is usually taken to be a relation between certain entities. The aim of this paper is to discuss what entities are suitable as explanatory relata of singular causal explanations, i.e., explanations concerning singular causality relating particular events or other appropriate entities. I outline three different positions. The purely causal approach stipulates that the same entities that are related in the singular causal relation are also linked by the explanatory relation. This position, however, has a problem to (...)
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  36.  3
    L’ Ereignis – Singulare tantum.Jean-François Courtine - 2024 - Quaestio 24:21-35.
    Starting with two enigmatic statements from the Thor Seminar (1969): ‘With the Ereignis, it is no longer Greek at all’; ‘One of the best ways to access the Ereignis would be to look into the essence of the Gestell’ (the enframing, the device, the whole constellation of the Stellen, Bestellen), this contribution critically examines the interpretations/translations of the Ereignis in terms of an event. While Heidegger still thinks of the Ereignis in terms of the ‘destinical sending’ (Geschick, Schicken), this, (...)
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  37.  14
    God’s Knowledge of Future Contingent Singulars: A Reply.Theodore J. Kondoleon - 1992 - The Thomist 56 (1):117-139.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:GOD'S KNOWLEDGE OF FUTURE CONTINGENT SINGULARS: A REPLY THEODORE J. KoNDOLEON Villanova University Villanova, Pennsylvania I N A RECENT article in The Thomist William Lane Craig has discussed certain aspects of Saint Thomas's teaching on God's knowledge of creatures. While for Craig Saint Thomas's concept of God's knowledge of vision (scientia visionis) is not fatalistic, his concept of God's knowledge of approbation (i.e., God's causal knowledge) is.1 Craig believes (...)
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  38.  36
    The Eternal Return of Religion: jean-luc nancy on faith in the singular-plural.Marie Chabbert - 2021 - Angelaki 26 (3):207-224.
    At the opening of the first volume of his Deconstruction of Christianity, Nancy argues that “The much discussed ‘return of the religious,’ which denotes a real phenomenon, deserves no more attention than any other ‘return’” (1). This statement may seem paradoxical in light of Nancy’s extensive study of the logic of the return – including, of the divine – in texts such as “Of Divine Places,” Noli me tangere, Dis-Enclosure and Adoration. Nancy does pay considerable attention to something that, according (...)
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  39.  29
    (1 other version)Aspects of a theory of singular reference: prolegomena to a dialectical logic of singular terms.William J. Greenberg - 1982 - Dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles
    The difficulties encountered by attempts to treat identity as a relation between an object and itself are well-known: "...the sentence 'The morning star is...the morning star' is analytic and a truism, while...'The morning star is the evening star' is synthetic and represents a 'valuable extension of our knowledge'... But if {the morning star} and {the evening star} are the same object, and identity is taken as a relation holding between this object and itself, then it is impossible to explain how (...)
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  40. Laws of nature.Fred I. Dretske - 1977 - Philosophy of Science 44 (2):248-268.
    It is a traditional empiricist doctrine that natural laws are universal truths. In order to overcome the obvious difficulties with this equation most empiricists qualify it by proposing to equate laws with universal truths that play a certain role, or have a certain function, within the larger scientific enterprise. This view is examined in detail and rejected; it fails to account for a variety of features that laws are acknowledged to have. An alternative view is advanced in which laws are (...)
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  41.  30
    The two fundamental problems of the theory of knowledge.Karl Raimund Popper - 2009 - New York: Routledge. Edited by Andreas Pickel & Troels Eggers Hansen.
    A brief historical comment on scientific knowledge as Socratic ignorance -- Some critical comments on the text of this book, particularly on the theory of truth Exposition [1933] -- Problem of Induction (Experience and Hypothesis) -- Two Fundamental Problems of the Theory of Knowledge -- Formulation of the Problem -- The problem of induction and the problem of demarcation -- Deductivtsm and Inductivism -- Comments on how the solutions are reached and preliminary presentation of the solutions -- Rationalism and empiricism-deductivism (...)
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  42. Existence and contingency: A note.David Wiggins - 2003 - Philosophy 78 (4):483-494.
    Timothy Williamson offers a proof of the counterintuitive claim that, if an object exists, then it exists necessarily. David Wiggins argues that this result reveals the philosophical disadvantage of a first level (or ‘ticking over’) view of the very ‘exists’ and the advantage of the second level account offered by Frege and Russell. The author seeks to show how, using an idea of G. Evans but without the use of the resources of ‘free logic’, all occurrences of ‘exist’, including its (...)
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  43. What Numbers Could Be: An Argument That Arithmetical Truths Are Laws of Nature.Lila F. L. Luce - 1984 - Dissertation, The University of Wisconsin - Madison
    Theorems of arithmetic are used, perhaps essentially, to reach conclusions about the natural world. This applicability can be explained in a natural way by analogy with the applicability of statements of law to the world. ;In order to carry out an ontological argument for my thesis, I assume the existence of universals as a working hypothesis. I motivate a theory of laws according to which statements of law are singular statements about scientific properties. Such statements (...)
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  44.  8
    New Essays on Aristotle.Francis Jeffry Pelletier & John King-Farlow - 1984 - [Calgary] : Produced for the C.A.P.P. by the University of Calgary Press.
    Topics discussed include Aristotle's semantics, individuation, essentialism, causation, & being. Contents: The Aporematic Approach to Primary Being in Metaphysics Z. Aristotle's Semantics & a Puzzle Concerning Change. Aristotle & Individuation. Singular Statements & Essentialism in Aristotle. What is Aristotle's Theory of Essence?. Aristotle on the Proximate Efficient Cause of Action. Causes as Necessary Conditions: Aristotle, Alexander of Aphrodisias & J.L. Mackie.
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  45.  28
    Causes and Deductive Explanation.Raimo Tuomela - 1974 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1974:325 - 360.
    According to the backing law account of causation a singular causal claim is to be analyzed (or “justified”) by reference to a suitable nomic theory which, together with the given singular statement describing a cause, deductively supports or explains the statement describing the effect. This backing law (or deductive-nomological) account of singular causation has recently become the target of several kinds of criticism. First, the possibility of giving a detailed and elaborate account of the required nomic or (...)
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  46. A logic of induction.Colin Howson - 1997 - Philosophy of Science 64 (2):268-290.
    In this paper, I present a simple and straightforward logic of induction: a consequence relation characterized by a proof theory and a semantics. This system will be called LI. The premises will be restricted to, on the one hand, a set of empirical data and, on the other hand, a set of background generalizations. Among the consequences will be generalizations as well as singular statements, some of which may serve as predictions and explanations.
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  47. Singularist Semirealism.Bence Nanay - 2013 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 64 (2):371-394.
    This paper proposes to carve out a new position in the scientific realism/antirealism debate and argue that it captures some of the most important realist and some of the most important antirealist considerations. The view, briefly stated, is that there is always a fact of the matter about whether the singular statements science gives us are literally true, but there is no fact of the matter about whether the non-singular statements science gives us are literally true. (...)
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  48. On a logic of induction.Diderik Batens - 2005 - Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 83 (1):221-247.
    In this paper I present a simple and straightforward logic of induction: a consequence relation characterized by a proof theory and a semantics. This system will be called LI. The premises will be restricted to, on the one hand, a set of empirical data and, on the other hand, a set of background generalizations. Among the consequences will be generalizations as well as singular statements, some of which may serve as predictions and explanations.
     
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  49. Dretske on laws of nature.Ilkka Niiniluoto - 1978 - Philosophy of Science 45 (3):431-439.
    In a recent article [4], Fred I. Dretske has proposed a new analysis of natural laws. Dretske rejects the more or less standard view which says that laws are universal truths with a special function or status in science. As an alternative account, he suggests that laws are expressed by singular statements describing the relationship between universal properties and magnitudes: the statement It is a law that F's are G's3.is to be analysed as F-ness ↦ G-ness.I shall argue, (...)
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  50. Hybrid Identities and Just Being Yourself.Gillian Russell - 2014 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 57 (4):455-465.
    This paper points out a tension between Agustín Rayo's criteria for singulartermhood and his explicit views on the status of Hybrid Identities, that is, identity statements that use singular terms from two different Systems of Representation, such as "7=Julius Caesar" or more suggestively "I am b" where "b" is a singular term referring to my brain. It argues that non-trivial Hybrid Identities are common and important in philosophy and elsewhere, and it suggests a friendly alternative that involves (...)
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