Abrir el postigo y disponer la mirada. De pie, ante el hueco del visillo movido a causa del viento, se malogra el sol en su intensidad por un frío que proviene de las murallas del delicado velo de polvo en los sillones, de la espesura en que todos los vahos de la cocina, sumergen la mañana frente al océano; y entonces, cuando comienzo a aferrarme a los aspectos gratos de la vida costera, a don Marcos Huala le sobreviene una especie (...) de eminente fatalismo; relata que en unos meses, el río no ha arrojado caracoles, puesto que una embarcación japonesa ha violado el funcionamiento de la soberanía local arrastrando desde el lecho del río, todo molusco existente. A la sazón, desplegándose invisible a lo largo de las paredes hasta llegar al extremo de la sala, como un recién nacido, el nuevo campo de fuerzas abre su ojo puntiagudo para anunciarnos la presencia del tráfico transnacional al interior de la comunidad de Chaihuín... (shrink)

The concept of ‘ownership’ is increasingly central to debates, in the media, health policy and bioethics, about the appropriate management of clinical data. I argue that the language of ownership acts as a metaphor and reflects multiple concerns about current data use and the disenfranchisement of citizens and collectives in the existing data ecosystem. But exactly which core interests and concerns ownership claims allude to remains opaque. Too often, we jump straight from ‘ownership’ to ‘private property’ and conclude ‘the data (...) belongs to the patient’. I will argue here that private property is only one type of relevant relationship between people, communities and data. There are several reasons to doubt that conceptualising data as private property presents a compelling response to concerns about clinical data ownership. In particular I argue that clinical data are co-constructed, so a property account would fail to confer exclusive rights to the patient. A non-property account of ownership acknowledges that the data are ‘about the patient’, and therefore the patient has relevant interests, without jumping to the conclusion that the data ‘belongs to the patient’. On this broader account of ownership, the relevant harm is the severing of the connection between the patient and their data, and the solution is to re-engage and re-connect patients to the data research enterprise. (shrink)

Philip Woodward's review of The Phenomenal Basis of Intentionality (PBI) raises objections to the specific version of the phenomenal intentionality theory proposed in PBI, especially to identity PIT, representationalism, the picture of derived mental representation, some tentative proposals regarding intentional structure, and the matching theory of truth and reference. In this reply, I argue that the version of PIT defended in PBI can withstand these objections.

We single out an alternative, strict interpretation of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen criterion of reality, and identify the implied extensions of quantum correlations. Then we prove that the theorem of Bell, and the non-locality theorems without inequalities, fail if the new extensions are adopted. Therefore, these theorems can be interpreted as arguments against the wide interpretation of the criterion of reality rather than as a violation of locality.

Este artigo analisa, em dois momentos do movimento de ocupação de escolas em São Paulo, que ocorreu em 2015, o encadeamento das ações, discussões, reações e resistências que envolveram a insurgência dos secundaristas, a partir da construção conceitual de “dispositivo” de Foucault e suas derivações para questões comunicacionais. A proposta é observar como as cenas enunciativas insurgentes representadas e narradas pelos estudantes no ato da ocupação da escola e no confronto com a polícia configuram um sujeito político que aponta para (...) um modo de estar no acontecimento. Esse processo, inspirado também no método da igualdade de Rancière, mostra que a narrativa de si se configura como um instrumento político da ação política, fruto do empenho coletivo dos secundaristas, cujo arranjo se transforma em um potente dispositivo interacional. (shrink)

Depuis quelque temps, les spécialistes de Machiavel ont dédié leur attention, d’une part, au rôle des tumultes et de l’autre, à la présence de la langue de la jurisprudence dans son œuvre. Jusqu’à présent, ces deux lectures de Machiavel ne sont pas rencontrées. Cette contribution entend montrer jusqu’à quel point la langue de la jurisprudence est présente dans l’écriture de Machiavel sur les tumultes, dans ses premiers textes comme, surtout, dans ses Histoires florentines. En partant de l’analyse machiavélienne de la (...) rébellion de la Valdichiana, la première partie de l’article traite de la rébellion comme problème juridique et politique, comme cas spécifique du crime de lèse-majesté, traité par les juristes de droit civil et de droit canon, depuis les commentaires des lois impériales d’Henri VII jusqu’aux consilia rédigés en défense de Laurent de Médicis et de la cité de Florence à l’occasion de la conjuration des Pazzi, ainsi qu’au premier traité dédié aux séditions écrit par le juriste français Nicolas Bohier. Dans un second temps, on prend en considération le discours du Ciompo anonyme des Histoires florentines et on analyse un passage rarement pris en compte par les commentateurs : « Là où beaucoup se trompent, peu sont châtiés ». Dans ce passage, Machiavel utilise un principe juridique, une regula iuris, certes controversée et souvent non acceptée, mais théoriquement admise comme telle. Les considérations finales proposent de possibles parcours pour de futures recherches. (shrink)

Presentación de las editoras del Suplemento 4 (2011) de Daimon.

When the Toxic Substances Control Act was passed by the US Congress in 1976, its advocates pointed to new generation of genotoxicity tests as a way to systematically screen chemicals for carcinogenicity. However, in the end, TSCA did not require any new testing of commercial chemicals, including these rapid laboratory screens. In addition, although the Environmental Protection Agency was to make public data about the health effects of industrial chemicals, companies routinely used the agency’s obligation to protect confidential business information (...) to prevent such disclosures. This paper traces the contested history of TSCA and its provisions for testing, from the circulation of the first draft bill in the Nixon administration through the debates over its implementation, which stretched into the Reagan administration. The paucity of publicly available health and environmental data concerning chemicals, I argue, was a by-product of the law and its execution, leading to a situation of institutionalized ignorance, the underside of regulatory knowledge. (shrink)

In most states in the U.S. it is legal to carry a concealed handgun in public, but little is known about why people want to do this. While the existing literature argues that guns symbolize masculinity, most research on the actual use of guns has focused on marginalized men. The issue of concealed handguns is interesting because they must remain concealed and because relatively privileged men are most likely to have a license to carry one. Using in-depth interviews with 20 (...) men, this article explores how they draw on discourses of masculinity to explain their use of concealed handguns. These men claim that they are motivated by a desire to protect their wives and children, to compensate for lost strength as they age, and to defend themselves against people and places they perceive as dangerous, especially those involving racial/ethnic minority men. These findings suggest that part of the appeal of carrying a concealed firearm is that it allows men to identify with hegemonic masculinity through fantasies of violence and self-defense. (shrink)

Biotechnology might contribute to solving food safety and security challenges. However, gene technology has been under public scrutiny, linked to the framing of the media and public discourse. The study aims to investigate people’s perceptions and acceptance of food biotechnology with focus on transgenic genetic modification versus genome editing. An online experiment was conducted with participants from the United Kingdom and Switzerland. The participants were presented with the topic of food biotechnology and more specifically with experimentally varied vignettes on transgenic (...) and genetic modification and genome editing. The results suggest that participants from both countries express higher levels of acceptance for genome editing compared to transgenic genetic modification. The general and personal acceptance of these technologies depend largely on whether the participants believe the application is beneficial, how they perceive scientific uncertainty, and the country they reside in. Our findings suggest that future communication about gene technology should focus more on discussing trade-offs between using an agricultural technologies and tangible and relevant benefits, instead of a unidimensional focus on risk and safety. (shrink)

En este artículo se desarrolla una reflexión acerca del suicidio hetero-referido o no-personal. Se lo analiza en tanto forma de voluntad e instrumento de presión política que tensiona críticamente los modos en que se organiza la vida en nuestras sociedades. Se indaga en el potencial de contra-soberanía que supone en tanto intenta desactivar el poder al que se enfrenta. Se tematiza cierta ética de la pasividad que surge en esta acción y se examina la lógica que recorre el acto de (...) darse muerte. Finalmente, el artículo contribuye a complejizar el debate en torno al suicidio hetero-referido en tanto se destacan sus límites y potencialidades, así como las paradojas que plantean a nuestras democracias liberales las diversas demandas de grupos minorizados. (shrink)

This article is a review of the latest edition of the Encyclopedia of Russian Philosophy, the result of the work of a team of Russian specialists in philosophy and human sciences, edited by M. A. Maslin, professor of History of Russian Philosophy at Moscow University. However, it is also intended to be an assessment of the conditions that legitimate the denomination ‘Russian philosophy’, and a reflection on the character and orientations of Russian thought, especially in the period before and after (...) the Revolution of 1917. (shrink)

La idea social de infancia, y la propia experiencia de ser niño o niña está interpelada en nuestros días por las mediaciones digitales en las relaciones. Es usual referirse a las nuevas generaciones como “digitales”, o particularmente como nativos digitales. Se habla de nuevas infancias en virtud del modo en que manejan las tecnologías y se plantea la idea de que la diferencia entre las generaciones adultas y jóvenes está epocalmente trastocada o invertida en una época definida como “era digital”. (...) El mandato pedagógico es, a nivel discursivo, “incluir” o “incorporar” tecnologías en la enseñanza. En este artículo nos interesa explorar la relación entre infancias y tecnologías más allá del territorio demarcado por estos discursos instrumentalistas y de cierto determinismo tecnológico, que nos proponemos poner en cuestión a partir de los avances iniciales de una investigación en curso. Nos planteamos como preguntas orientadoras: ¿cómo se re-configura la experiencia de ser niño o niña en una cultura atravesada por las tecnologías y medios digitales? ¿Cómo puede pensarse el lugar de la escuela en el marco de estas transformaciones? Se concluye subrayando algunas formas de resistencia ante los aspectos alienantes de la cultura digital que pueden pensarse como uno de los desafíos pedagógicos y políticos que se abren ante la escuela en nuestros días. (shrink)

Over 60% of all epidemics have a zoonotic origin, that is, they result from the transmission of infectious diseases from animals to humans. The spill-over of diseases often happens because humans exploit and use animals. In this article, I outline the four most common interfaces that favour the emergence and spread of zoonotic infectious diseases: wildlife hunting, small-scale farming, industrialised farming practices and live animal markets. I analyse which practices serve human food security – and thus have a non-trivial purpose (...) – and which predominantly have an economic purpose or serve as a symbol of wealth. I conclude that many practices that increase the risk for zoonotic infectious disease outbreaks actually do not contribute to the survival and food security of humans. I make two arguments in turn. First, I argue that in cases where the consumption and use of animal products does not contribute to the food security of a population, then this population has a duty to abstain from them, since they impose a grave and avoidable risk to themselves as well as to innocent third-parties. However, some communities must sometimes rely on practices that increase the risk of emergence and transmission of zoonotic infectious diseases, because they have no healthy alternatives. That is, the food security of the local population depends on the consumption and use of risky animal products. The second argument I advance is that, in such scenarios, the international community has a duty to provide the communities concerned with alternative food options, as well as economic and educational opportunities and technologies, in order to reduce the spill-over risk of infectious diseases. Given that abstention from such practices contributes signifcantly to the public good and benefits the international community, the latter has a corresponding duty to provide local communities which abandon such practices with alternatives. (shrink)

This paper is about Hume on the impact of space and time on probability judgements and the passions. Hume's approach to probability judgements in space-time may be considered a precursor to recent work on the cognitive psychology of decision-making. When it comes to the passions, Hume’s observations on the effect of distance in time in particular can be compared to discussions of temporal discounting, central in disciplines such as behavioral economics, neuroscience, psychology, environmental policy, and recent debates in experimental psychology (...) and philosophy over future bias. (shrink)

The Pathways Commission calls on accounting educators to develop students’ skills in ethical judgment and decision making, but there is uncertainty about how best to accomplish this task. We test if participation in Volunteer Income Tax Assistance programs is positively associated with students’ ethical judgment and decision making. Using a questionnaire administered to students participating in VITA and students not participating in VITA at seven universities, we form multiple measures of students’ ethical judgment and students’ ethical decision making. Regression analyses (...) reveal that VITA participation is positively and significantly associated with ethical judgment and, in certain cases, is also positively and significantly associated with ethical decision making, even after controlling for other determinants including completion of ethics courses. We conclude that VITA programs can be effective educational interventions to promote ethical development in students. Our study adds to the growing literature on positive student outcomes associated with VITA participation, provides empirical evidence to support the tenets of situated learning and service-learning theories, and contributes to the development of effective ethics education. (shrink)

Hume's Moral Philosophy and Contemporary Psychology, edited by Philip A. Reed and Rico Vitz, is a collection of 14 essays intended to explore fruitful connections between David Hume's theory of the passions and ethics and contemporary experimental and cognitive psychology. Although recent moral philosophers have become interested in psychological discoveries in order to refine their normative approach to morality by means of a better empirical understanding of the workings of the mind, this trend has been typically developed by Aristotelian scholarship. (...) Hence, the purpose of this volume is to "fill a gap in the literature" by introducing Hume as a powerful interlocutor in the field of moral psychology, and... (shrink)

Community energy based on a mix of distributed technologies offers a serious alternative to the current energy system. The nature of community energy and the role that such initiatives might play in the general fabric of civic life is not, however, well understood. Community energy initiatives might involve only those citizens who prefer to be actively and continuously involved in intense, democratic debate. A more robust conceptualization of community energy might, on the other hand, be guided by Benjamin Barber’s notion (...) of “strong democracy,” in which community energy initiatives would draw upon a much broader citizen base, involving people from many walks of life and from quarters not generally presumed to be part of a sustained democratic process. The history of community energy is explored and a number of case studies are presented to illustrate the problems, prospects, and limitations of a socially and technologically decentralized energy system. (shrink)

This article is about David Hume's account of mixed emotions. Hume on mixed emotions is connected with Sir Isaac Newton's optical experiments and subsequent invention of the colour wheel, as well as more recently to Robert Plutchik's colour wheel of emotions.