The PhilPapers SurveysHighest linear correlations (Back to contents)

Correlations with: Aesthetic value:subjective

N = 931 (target faculty). Cut-off = +/-0.05

n < 10 omitted. Some redundant or trivial correlations are not shown.

Jump to: Main Survey questions | Philosophical orientation | Background questions

flip contingency tables

Main Survey questions

Answer Corrrelation coefficient
Meta-ethics:moral anti-realism0.375
moral anti-realism moral realism
subjective
46.8%(155/331)
43.2%(143/331)
objective
15.7%(64/406)
80.2%(326/406)
Response pairs: 865   p-value: < 0.001
Moral judgment:non-cognitivism0.333
non-cognitivism cognitivism
subjective
33.7%(110/326)
56.7%(185/326)
objective
9.1%(36/392)
87.2%(342/392)
Response pairs: 844   p-value: < 0.001
Metaphilosophy:naturalism0.257
naturalism non-naturalism
subjective
69.2%(221/319)
17.8%(57/319)
objective
44.9%(173/385)
41.8%(161/385)
Response pairs: 828   p-value: < 0.001
Normative ethics:consequentialism0.238
consequentialism not consequentialism
subjective
39.5%(115/291)
44.3%(129/291)
objective
19.7%(73/370)
71.3%(264/370)
Response pairs: 772   p-value: < 0.001
Knowledge:empiricism0.237
empiricism rationalism
subjective
54.6%(187/342)
24.5%(84/342)
objective
34%(139/408)
45.8%(187/408)
Response pairs: 884   p-value: < 0.001
Abstract objects:nominalism0.231
nominalism Platonism
subjective
50.2%(170/338)
38.7%(131/338)
objective
30.2%(120/397)
61.7%(245/397)
Response pairs: 864   p-value: < 0.001
Laws of nature:Humean0.198
Humean non-Humean
subjective
36.6%(119/325)
54.7%(178/325)
objective
19.4%(75/386)
72.7%(281/386)
Response pairs: 833   p-value: < 0.001
Mind:physicalism0.196
physicalism non-physicalism
subjective
68.5%(235/343)
20.6%(71/343)
objective
50%(205/410)
39.5%(162/410)
Response pairs: 885   p-value: < 0.001
God:atheism0.188
atheism theism
subjective
83.5%(285/341)
10.2%(35/341)
objective
66.2%(271/409)
25.6%(105/409)
Response pairs: 883   p-value: < 0.001
not Normative ethics:deontology0.176
deontology not deontology
subjective
19.2%(56/291)
64.6%(188/291)
objective
40.5%(150/370)
50.5%(187/370)
Response pairs: 772   p-value: < 0.001
not Free will:libertarianism0.168
libertarianism not libertarianism
subjective
6.6%(22/333)
85.2%(284/333)
objective
22.1%(89/401)
71.5%(287/401)
Response pairs: 866   p-value: < 0.001
Time:B-theory0.164
A-theory B-theory
subjective
22.8%(50/219)
52%(114/219)
objective
37.2%(98/263)
41.8%(110/263)
Response pairs: 563   p-value: < 0.001
Perceptual experience:representationalism0.154
representationalism not representationalism
subjective
49.2%(128/260)
36.1%(94/260)
objective
36%(119/330)
51.2%(169/330)
Response pairs: 692   p-value: < 0.001
Free will:no free will0.146
no free will free will
subjective
18.3%(61/333)
73.5%(245/333)
objective
9.4%(38/401)
84.2%(338/401)
Response pairs: 866   p-value: < 0.001
Knowledge claims:relativism0.131
relativism not relativism
subjective
6.7%(20/295)
83.3%(246/295)
objective
1.3%(5/365)
90.6%(331/365)
Response pairs: 776   p-value: < 0.001
Moral motivation:internalism0.131
internalism externalism
subjective
52.9%(151/285)
33.3%(95/285)
objective
39.6%(140/353)
45.3%(160/353)
Response pairs: 745   p-value: < 0.001
Mental content:internalism0.127
internalism externalism
subjective
32.4%(103/317)
52%(165/317)
objective
23.2%(90/387)
65.6%(254/387)
Response pairs: 829   p-value: < 0.001
A priori knowledge:no0.118
no yes
subjective
23.6%(80/338)
66.5%(225/338)
objective
16.7%(69/412)
78.8%(325/412)
Response pairs: 884   p-value: < 0.001
Science:scientific anti-realism0.116
scientific anti-realism scientific realism
subjective
16%(54/336)
76.4%(257/336)
objective
9.8%(40/408)
84.5%(345/408)
Response pairs: 874   p-value: < 0.001
not Knowledge claims:invariantism0.115
invariantism not invariantism
subjective
29.8%(88/295)
60.3%(178/295)
objective
45.2%(165/365)
46.8%(171/365)
Response pairs: 776   p-value: 0.001
Personal identity:psychological view0.102
psychological view not psychological view
subjective
42.4%(129/304)
36.1%(110/304)
objective
39.6%(142/358)
45.2%(162/358)
Response pairs: 782   p-value: 0.004
not Perceptual experience:disjunctivism0.096
disjunctivism not disjunctivism
subjective
9.6%(25/260)
75.7%(197/260)
objective
18.7%(62/330)
68.4%(226/330)
Response pairs: 692   p-value: 0.011
Teletransporter:survival0.093
survival death
subjective
48.8%(147/301)
33.5%(101/301)
objective
39%(143/366)
40.9%(150/366)
Response pairs: 786   p-value: 0.009
External world:skepticism0.092
skepticism not skepticism
subjective
7.3%(25/341)
89.1%(304/341)
objective
3.8%(16/412)
93.2%(384/412)
Response pairs: 884   p-value: 0.006
Proper names:Fregean0.084
Fregean Millian
subjective
40.2%(117/291)
41.9%(122/291)
objective
34.1%(119/348)
54%(188/348)
Response pairs: 754   p-value: 0.021
Truth:epistemic0.079
epistemic not epistemic
subjective
8.9%(29/323)
84.5%(273/323)
objective
6.9%(27/389)
87.6%(341/389)
Response pairs: 831   p-value: 0.022
Newcomb's problem:two boxes0.076
two boxes one box
subjective
48.2%(124/257)
28.7%(74/257)
objective
42.6%(121/284)
35.9%(102/284)
Response pairs: 638   p-value: 0.055
Logic:non-classical0.064
non-classical classical
subjective
28.9%(88/304)
57.5%(175/304)
objective
20.3%(74/364)
66.2%(241/364)
Response pairs: 782   p-value: 0.073
Perceptual experience:sense-datum theory0.061
sense-datum theory not sense-datum theory
subjective
5%(13/260)
80.3%(209/260)
objective
3.6%(12/330)
83.6%(276/330)
Response pairs: 692   p-value: 0.108
Politics:egalitarianism0.055
egalitarianism not egalitarianism
subjective
44.7%(123/275)
39.6%(109/275)
objective
40.8%(140/343)
44.8%(154/343)
Response pairs: 726   p-value: 0.138
not Personal identity:further-fact view0.055
further-fact view not further-fact view
subjective
10.8%(33/304)
67.7%(206/304)
objective
17.5%(63/358)
67.3%(241/358)
Response pairs: 782   p-value: 0.124
Trolley problem:switch0.054
don't switch switch
subjective
7.4%(24/321)
77.8%(250/321)
objective
11%(43/388)
76.8%(298/388)
Response pairs: 837   p-value: 0.118
Epistemic justification:internalism0.051
internalism externalism
subjective
34.2%(109/318)
49%(156/318)
objective
33.4%(132/395)
52.1%(206/395)
Response pairs: 839   p-value: 0.139
not Truth:correspondence0.051
correspondence not correspondence
subjective
53.2%(172/323)
40.2%(130/323)
objective
58.8%(229/389)
35.7%(139/389)
Response pairs: 831   p-value: 0.141
Free will:compatibilism0.05
compatibilism not compatibilism
subjective
64.8%(216/333)
27%(90/333)
objective
59.6%(239/401)
34.1%(137/401)
Response pairs: 866   p-value: 0.141

Philosophical orientation

Answer Corrrelation coefficient
xian:Hume0.146
Hume not Hume
subjective
22%(76/345)
77.9%(269/345)
objective
10.3%(43/415)
89.6%(372/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: < 0.001
xian:Carnap0.109
Carnap not Carnap
subjective
7.5%(26/345)
92.4%(319/345)
objective
2.1%(9/415)
97.8%(406/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.001
not AOS:Philosophy of Religion0.092
Philosophy of Religion not Philosophy of Religion
subjective
2.8%(10/345)
97.1%(335/345)
objective
7.4%(31/415)
92.5%(384/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.005
AOS:Philosophy of Physical Science0.09
Philosophy of Physical Science not Philosophy of Physical Science
subjective
8.6%(30/345)
91.3%(315/345)
objective
4.8%(20/415)
95.1%(395/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.007
not xian:Marx0.08
Marx not Marx
subjective
~0.2%(~1/345)
~99.7%(~344/345)
objective
2.4%(10/415)
97.5%(405/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.016
not xian:Aristotle0.07
Aristotle not Aristotle
subjective
11%(38/345)
88.9%(307/345)
objective
14.9%(62/415)
85%(353/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.036
not AOS:Normative Ethics0.069
Normative Ethics not Normative Ethics
subjective
11.3%(39/345)
88.6%(306/345)
objective
18.3%(76/415)
81.6%(339/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.039
not xian:Hegel0.065
Hegel not Hegel
subjective
~0.2%(~1/345)
~99.7%(~344/345)
objective
2.4%(10/415)
97.5%(405/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.051
AOS:General Philosophy of Science0.063
General Philosophy of Science not General Philosophy of Science
subjective
12.1%(42/345)
87.8%(303/345)
objective
8.1%(34/415)
91.8%(381/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.059
not AOS:Aesthetics0.063
Aesthetics not Aesthetics
subjective
2.3%(8/345)
97.6%(337/345)
objective
4.8%(20/415)
95.1%(395/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.059
not xian:Moore0.062
Moore not Moore
subjective
2%(7/345)
97.9%(338/345)
objective
4.3%(18/415)
95.6%(397/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.063
AOS:Decision Theory0.059
Decision Theory not Decision Theory
subjective
4.9%(17/345)
95%(328/345)
objective
2.4%(10/415)
97.5%(405/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.077
not xian:Kant0.059
Kant not Kant
subjective
9.5%(33/345)
90.4%(312/345)
objective
13.7%(57/415)
86.2%(358/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.077
not xian:Leibniz0.059
Leibniz not Leibniz
subjective
1.1%(4/345)
98.8%(341/345)
objective
2.4%(10/415)
97.5%(405/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.077
not xian:Heidegger0.056
Heidegger not Heidegger
subjective
0.8%(3/345)
99.1%(342/345)
objective
1.9%(8/415)
98%(407/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.094
AOS:Meta-Ethics0.055
Meta-Ethics not Meta-Ethics
subjective
12.1%(42/345)
87.8%(303/345)
objective
9.6%(40/415)
90.3%(375/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.1
not xian:Husserl0.055
Husserl not Husserl
subjective
~0.2%(~1/345)
~99.7%(~344/345)
objective
1.4%(6/415)
98.5%(409/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.1
not AOS:Ancient Greek Philosophy0.053
Ancient Greek Philosophy not Ancient Greek Philosophy
subjective
4.9%(17/345)
95%(328/345)
objective
8.1%(34/415)
91.8%(381/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.113
not AOS:Social and Political Philosophy0.052
Social and Political Philosophy not Social and Political Philosophy
subjective
8.4%(29/345)
91.5%(316/345)
objective
13.2%(55/415)
86.7%(360/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.12

Background questions

Answer Corrrelation coefficient
nationality_region:Europe0.132
Europe not Europe
subjective
18.5%(64/345)
81.4%(281/345)
objective
8.1%(34/415)
91.8%(381/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: < 0.001
affil:region:Australasia0.083
Australasia not Australasia
subjective
7.2%(25/345)
92.7%(320/345)
objective
3.1%(13/415)
96.8%(402/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.012
phd_region:Europe0.071
Europe not Europe
subjective
7.5%(26/345)
92.4%(319/345)
objective
3.6%(15/415)
96.3%(400/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.033
affil:region:Europe0.068
Europe not Europe
subjective
10.1%(35/345)
89.8%(310/345)
objective
5.3%(22/415)
94.6%(393/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.041
not nationality_region:United States0.06
United States not United States
subjective
46%(159/345)
53.9%(186/345)
objective
53%(220/415)
46.9%(195/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.072
phd_region:Australasia0.057
Australasia not Australasia
subjective
4%(14/345)
95.9%(331/345)
objective
2.1%(9/415)
97.8%(406/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.088
response_time0.053
response_time ≥ median response_time < median
subjective
52.1%(172/330)
47.8%(158/330)
objective
50.2%(205/408)
49.7%(203/408)
Response pairs: 869   p-value: 0.118
not phd_region:United Kingdom0.052
United Kingdom not United Kingdom
subjective
10.7%(37/345)
89.2%(308/345)
objective
14.6%(61/415)
85.3%(354/415)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.12