100 entries most recently downloaded from the set: "History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences" in "HAL"

This set has the following status: partial.
  1. Quantum origin of time's arrow.Davide Romano - unknown
    The problem of time’s arrow is (roughly) to understand why macroscopic physical processes typically evolve in a specific direction (the one we call “the future”) even though the underlying laws of physics describing the individual microscopic systems are time-reversal invariant. The standard answer to this problem is given by Boltzmann’s explanation of the II law of thermodynamics: a classical system starting in a non-equilibrium state spontaneously (i.e. with a high level of probability) tends towards equilibrium, thus implementing an irreversible process. (...)
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  2. Scientific plurality and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): A philosophical and historical perspective on Charcot’s texts.Anne Fenoy - unknown
    The history of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) -also known as Charcot's disease, Lou Gehrig's disease, and motor neuron disease (MND) -freezes the texts of the scientist and physician Jean-Martin Charcot in a hagiographic narrative describing a brilliant discovery, based on the anatomoclinical method. This narrative is often used by biologists and physicians as a reference point. This article shows that the use of the hagiographic register faces limitations. In particular, it obscures points of interest from Charcot's texts on ALS, such (...)
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  3. Shaping the Sciences of the Ancient and Medieval World: An Introduction.Karine Chemla & Agathe Keller - unknown
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  4. Possibility, necessity and purposiveness: the metaphysical novelties in the Critique of Judgement.Philippe Huneman - unknown
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  5. From groups to individuals: evolution and emerging individuality.Philippe Huneman & Frédéric Bouchard (eds.) - 2013 - Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
    Our intuitive assumption that only organisms are the real individuals in the natural world is at odds with developments in cell biology, ecology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and other fields. Although organisms have served for centuries as nature's paradigmatic individuals, science suggests that organisms are only one of the many ways in which the natural world could be organized. When living beings work together--as in ant colonies, beehives, and bacteria-metazoan symbiosis--new collective individuals can emerge. In this book, leading scholars consider the (...)
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  6. Is the Evolutionary Component of Wakefield's "Harmful Dysfunction Analysis" stipulative?Maël Lemoine - unknown
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  7. Implications of big data for knowledge organization.Fidelia Ibekwe-Sanjuan & Bowker Geoffrey - unknown
    In this paper, we propose a high-level analysis of the implications of Big Data for Knowledge Organisation (KO) and Knowledge Organisation Systems (KOSs). We confront the current debates within the KO community about the relevance of universal bibliographic classifications and the thesaurus in the web with the ongoing discussions about the epistemological and methodological assumptions underlying data-driven inquiry. In essence, Big Data will not remove the need for humanly-constructed KOSs. However, ongoing transformations in knowledge production processes entailed by Big Data (...)
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  8. What does embodiment do to the breast cancer clinic?Sidonie Richard - unknown
    In this paper, I argue that thinking about the clinical investigation of breast cancer in terms of embodiment could enrich the medical clinic by taking better account of the social. According to anthropological theory, “embodiment” describes how the social is inscribed in the body, co-shaping and co-transforming it. During the course of this paper, we focus on the social, in its broadest sense, as it relates to relational life and insofar as it contributes to health and illness. Clinical investigation thus (...)
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  9. Stephen Gaukroger and the Neutralityof Historical Epistemology.Charles T. Wolfe - unknown
    In this short essay I reflect on Stephen Gaukroger’s enterprise especially as presented in the four-volume study on science and the shaping of modernity, and ask if it is a version of historical epistemology. Because the Gaukrogerian project is (deliberately?) ambiguous when it comes to choosing between the safe neutrality of the study of science, and the more committed versions of a ‘political epistemology’ in which, to paraphrase Shapin and Schaffer, questions of knowledge and questions of social order turn out (...)
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  10. Cartographic Animals: Zoological Motifs on Early Maps 1500–1800.Émilie Dreyfus - unknown
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  11. (2 other versions)Is a bird in the hand worth two in the bush? Or, whether scientists should publish intermediate results.Thomas Boyer - unknown
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  12. In practice, is quantum mechanics a unified theory?Thomas Boyer - unknown
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  13. Early Modern Ideas of Space and Spatiality.Koen Vermeir & Jonathan Regier - unknown
    We study concepts of space and spatiality in the European late Renaissance and early modern period, in particular in natural philosophy and related fields. We wish to show their richness, fluidity, and variety. The traditional narrative of Jammer or Koyré stretches from Cusa to Copernicus, then onward to Newton, and then, in the most ambitious accounts, to Einstein. This story stands in need of revaluation. To counterbalance familiarity, we will not shy away from the strangeness of early modern ideas of (...)
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  14. Metaphysics, Function and the Engineering of Life: the Problem of Vitalism.Cécilia Bognon, Bohang Chen & Charles T. Wolfe - unknown
    Vitalism was long viewed as the most grotesque view in biological theory: appeals to a mysterious life-force, Romantic insistence on the autonomy of life, or worse, a metaphysics of an entirely living universe. In the early twentieth century, attempts were made to present a revised, lighter version that was not weighted down by revisionary metaphysics: " organicism ". And philosophers since the Vienna Circle (Schlick, Frank and later Nagel) criticized Driesch and Bergson's " neovitalism " as a too-strong ontological commitment (...)
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  15. Matters of Interest: The Objects of Research in Science and Technoscience.Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent, Sacha Loeve & Nordmann Alfred - unknown
    This discussion paper proposes that a meaningful distinction between science and technoscience can be found at the level of the objects of research. Both notions intermingle in the attitudes, intentions, programs and projects of researchers and research institutions – that is, on the side of the subjects of research. But the difference between science and technoscience becomes more explicit when research results are presented in particular settings and when the objects of research are exhibited for the specific interest they hold. (...)
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  16. (1 other version)Right out of the box: How to situate metaphysics of science in relation to other metaphysical approaches.Alexandre Guay & Thomas Pradeu - unknown
    Several advocates of the lively field of “metaphysics of science” have recently argued that a naturalistic metaphysics should be based solely on current science, and that it should replace more traditional, intuition-based, forms of metaphysics. The aim of the present paper is to assess that claim by examining the relations between metaphysics of science and general metaphysics. We show that the current metaphysical battlefield is richer and more complex than a simple dichotomy between “metaphysics of science” and “traditional metaphysics”, and (...)
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  17. Sciences, objectivity and realism between Ludwik Fleck and contemporary debates.Anna C. Zielinska - unknown
    In this paper, I explore the philosophical and scientific positions of Ludwik Fleck, author of the first theory of democratic science and, at the end of the day, a scientific realist. This interpretation of his work is somewhat at odds with the more standard approach, wherein Fleck is presented as a pioneer of relativism or of social constructivism in the philosophy of sciences. In the following, I discuss Fleck's philosophical context o er an analysis of a few of his better-known (...)
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  18. (1 other version)Creation, Generation, Force, Motion, Habit: Medieval Theoretical Definitions of Nature.Isabelle Draelants - unknown
    To illustrate the theoretical definition of nature in the mid-13th century that was commonly shared in Europe, we chose to translate and comment on the definition of nature as given in the Encyclopedia of Sciences (Speculum doctrinale, XV, ch. 4) compiled by the Dominican friar Vincent de Beauvais in the mid-13th century. This complex European “universal” definition, in four points, mirrors in a certain way all the theoretical conceptions of nature valid at this time, including all the literary heritage available, (...)
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  19. Nietzschean dissolution of the individual: foundations and implications for organisation theory.Norbert Lebrument - unknown
    Organisation theory mobilises fundamental notions such as the individual in order to understand and explain the organisational phenomena it studies. However, this mobilisation is sometimes done without ever proceeding to a radical critical work in the Nietzschean sense of the foundations of this notion. By using the Nietzschean conception of the individual, the objective of this paper is precisely to expose the unthinkings that underlie the notion of the individual in order to draw out the contributions and implications for organisation (...)
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  20. The Advent of PhyloCode.Michel Laurin - unknown
    Biological nomenclature had become an essential tool to store and retrieve biological information since the explosion in our knowledge of the biodiversity linked with scientific exploration beyond Europe in the mid-18th century. This context prompted Linnaeus to propose classifications of the living world and his two famous innovations in this field: absolute ranks (often called Linnaean categories) and binomial nomenclature. Yet, two and a half centuries later, Linnaeus’ innovations seem ill-adapted to contemporary systematics. This stems from two main reasons. First, (...)
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  21. Introduction (Part II).Sophie A. de Beaune & Oscar Moro Abadia - unknown
    Over the past 25 years, archaeologists have shifted from rejecting and trivializing the history of archaeology (traditionally considered as a harmless amusement for their leisure hours) to considering that this discipline plays a central role in the understanding of archaeological research. This resurgence has been spurred by the emergence of a new generation of scholars who have met modern historiographical standards and practices. In this setting, historians of archaeology have benefited a great deal from a growing dialogue with historians, philosophers (...)
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  22. Does movement precede space and time? The contribution of relational thinking and embodied cognition.Bernard Guy - unknown
    The basic proposal is presented: movement precedes both space and time that are derived from it. As a line of justification, one must guard against two temptations: a) that of believing that reality imposes on us in a univocal way the words to describe it, each one referring to their own qualities of the corresponding objects; b) that of believing that the concepts can reach a state of purity that abstracts them completely from human knowledge, which is rooted in the (...)
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  23. Risk and Disease: Two Alternative Ways of Modelling Health Phenomena.Élodie Giroux - unknown
    The notion of risk questions our dominant and traditional medical approach to health phenomena: a binary normal-pathological model anchored in the pathophysiological framework. For risk factors which are continuous biological variables such as hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, the demarcation line between a level which would be ‘normal’, ‘at risk’, or ‘pathological’ is drawn in a conventional and non-fixed manner. Above all, these risk factors, which are the subject of preventive treatment, are increasingly considered as diseases in their own right. This shift (...)
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  24. Highlighting the epistemological issues of bibliography through the practical problems of building a philosophy of science database: the SIPS case study.Fabien Ferri - unknown
    The simple hypothesis that we wish to put forward in this contribution is the following: the specific experience of building and managing a bibliographical database in the philosophy of science opens up the possibility of questioning the multiple facets of the bibliographical order in general. A first review of our experience, patiently reflected upon after twelve years of work within such an enterprise, allows us to formulate a certain number of questions relating to the epistemological issues inherent in the bibliographic (...)
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  25. (1 other version)Actor-Network Theory.Fabian Muniesa - unknown
    This article summarizes some important aspects of actor–network theory. It provides relevant elements of the historical origins of this line of inquiry, examines some of its most distinctive concepts, and signals its development in science and technology studies and in some other areas of the social sciences. The article emphasizes the position of actor–network theory within the poststructuralist landscape, discusses its particular treatment of constructivism, and examines in particular the philosophical implications of the notion of translation, which plays a crucial (...)
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  26. The time that money requires: use of the future and critique of the present in financial valuation.Fabian Muniesa & Liliana Doganova - unknown
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  27. Digital technology : revealing intersections between epistemology, political philosophy and philosophy of technology.Éric Guichard - unknown
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  28. 'Language as ideology' or the rhetoric of vagueness.Jean Szlamowicz - unknown
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  29. Ibn Sīnā’s Approach to Equality and Unity.S. Rahman, Johan-Georg Granström & Z. Salloum - unknown
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  30. Gödel and the question of the ‘objective existence' of mathematical objects.Pierre Cassou-Noguès - unknown
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  31. Die Idee von Στοιχεῖον in Grammatik und Kosmologie: Von antiken Wurzeln zu mittelalterlichen Systemen.Juan Acevedo - unknown
    This thesis defines and follows the development of the concept expressed by the Greek στοιχεῖον and the Latin elementum. From approximately the sixth century bc to the twelfth century ad, these words had three simultaneous meanings: letter, number and element, corresponding respectively to the disciplines of grammar, arithmetic and cosmology. The first part of the thesis, in two chapters, draws primarily on Greek philosophical, grammatical and arithmetical sources to delineate this polysemy, with particular attention to Pythagorean number cosmology and the (...)
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  32. Physics and Metaphysics of Scale.James D. Fraser - unknown
    Physicists use different theories to describe the world on different scales. In particular, they use the standard model of particle physics at very high energies, but move to various effective field theories, such as quantum electrodynamics, when modelling lower energy scattering processes. One way to explain this methodological fact is pragmatic in spirit. According to this view, physicists move to an effective field theory at lower energies in order to extract predictions and qualitative understanding which would be difficult or impossible (...)
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  33. Aristotelian philosophy and illusionism in late medieval Europe.Thibaut Rioult - unknown
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  34. Fairness in machine learning from the perspective of sociology of statistics.Bilel Benbouzid - manuscript
    We argue in this article that the integration of fairness into machine learning, or FairML, is a valuable exemplar of the politics of statistics and their ongoing transformations. Classically, statisticians sought to eliminate any trace of politics from their measurement tools. But data scientists who are developing predictive machines for social applications - are inevitably confronted with the problem of fairness. They thus face two difficult and often distinct types of demands: first, for reliable computational techniques, and second, for transparency, (...)
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  35. Émile Meyerson and his contemporaries.Frédéric Fruteau de Laclos - unknown
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  36. Computational Psychoanalysis and Formal Bi-Logic Frameworks.Giuseppe Iurato - unknown
    The main hypothesis upon which relies the whole theoretical framework of the book, is that there exist universal pre-schemata, structurally pre-formed along human evolution considered from either the phylogenetic and the epi-ontogenetic standpoint, which role human behavior. The possible existence of these common psychic structures, as suggested by the relevant work made by the French school of human sciences (of Lévi-Strauss, Lacan, Laplanche, Pontalis, Green, and others), enables us to build up a theoretical framework for Freudian psychoanalysis (as revised by (...)
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  37. Tropes, Bare Demonstratives, and Apparent Statements of Identity.Friederike Moltmann - unknown
    Philosophers who accept tropes generally agree that tropes do play a role in the semantics of natural language, namely as the objects of reference of nominalizations of adjectives, such as Socrates' wisdom or the beauty of the landscape. In fact, a philosophical discussion of the ontology of tropes can hardly do without the use of such nominalizations. In this paper, I will argue that tropes play a further important role in the semantics of natural language, namely in the semantics of (...)
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  38. Brouwer meets Husserl. On the Phenomenology of Choice Sequences.Mark van Atten - unknown
    Can the straight line be analysed mathematically such that it does not fall apart into a set of discrete points, as is usually done but through which its fundamental continuity is lost? And are there objects of pure mathematics that can change through time? The mathematician and philosopher L.E.J. Brouwer argued that the two questions are closely related and that the answer to both is "yes''. To this end he introduced a new kind of object into mathematics, the choice sequence. (...)
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  39. (1 other version)Wittgenstein's Answer to "What is Colour?".Jacques Bouveresse - unknown
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  40. The development of intuitionistic logic.Mark van Atten - unknown
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  41. Some theoretical challenges of deformable robotics.Olivia Chevalier - unknown
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  42. Schmitt’s Warring Wars. On the Political Epistemology of Political Theology.Elad Lapidot - unknown
    This article shows how Schmitt’s work is animated by a fundamental conflict between two concepts of conflict: the one is Schmitt’s own, war, polemos, and the other one is discussion, dialogue, conversation or polemics, which may be said, accordingly, to be Schmitt’s foe. Schmitt’s project is thus described as a conflict between war and discussion: polemos vs polemics, an inner war within the notion of war. The article contemplates this basic configuration and points at some of its major significations for (...)
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  43. Divine Invisibility and Ethical Epistemology in Late Modernity: Heidegger, Jonas and Levinas.Elad Lapidot - unknown
  44. The life of matter: early modern vital matter theories.Charles T. Wolfe (ed.) - 2023
    Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Volume 77Issue 4 01 November 2023 Table of Contents -/- [1] C. T. Wolfe, “The life of matter: early modern vital matter theories,” Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 673–675, Nov. 2023. -/- [2] G. Giglioni, “Large as life: Francis Bacon on the animate matter of plants,” Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of (...)
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  45. The Geometrical Foundation of Federigo Enriques’ Gnoseology and Epistemology.Paolo Bussotti & Raffaele Pisano - unknown
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  46. Jews Out of the Question. A Critique of Anti-Anti-Semitism.Elad Lapidot - unknown
    This book reflects on the role that the opposition to anti-Semitism has been playing in shaping political philosophy after the Holocaust. Its premise is that in post-Holocaust philosophy anti-Semitism has become a paradigm of evil ideology or politics, a negative Politeia. The analysis proceeds through critical readings in prominent political philosophers, from Adorno, Horkheimer, Jean-Paul Sartre and Hannah Arendt, to Alain Badiou and most recently Jean-Luc Nancy, as well as the debates and contemporary scholarship around them. Through these readings the (...)
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  47. Technoscience and Convergence: A Tranmutation of values?Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent - unknown
    Technoscience is often perceived as an expression of the primacy of utilitarian values that would take over the field of pure and disinterested science. A number of scientists deplore that the age of science for its own sake is coming to an end, that technologyhas overtaken science. This common view expressed by active scientists is shared by cultural historians. In a paper describing technoscience as a cultural phenomenon, Paul Forman comes to a similar conclusion. He argues that technoscience is a (...)
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  48. ‘Meyerson a chemist turned philosopher'.Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent - unknown
    Meyerson is known as a philosopher who displayed an impressive erudition both in history of science and philosophy, some one who spent his lifetime in reading and writing. His readers can testify (and sometimes complain) that his philosophical claims were based on and tested against a wide range of historical episodes taken from a variety of sciences. Moreover it is clear that he had an intellectualist approach to science, as he was more concerned with theories than with scientific practices. Therefore (...)
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  49. Chemistry beyond the ‘positivism vs realism' debate.Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent - unknown
    It is often assumed that chemistry was a typical positivistic science as long as chemists used atomic and molecular models as mere fictions and denied any concern with their real existence. Even when they use notions such as molecular orbitals chemists do not reify them and often claim that they are mere models or instrumental artefacts. However a glimpse on the history of chemistry in the longue durée suggests that such denials of the ontological status of chemical entities do not (...)
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  50. Live Patching and Remote Interaction: A Practice- Based, Intercontinental Approach to Kiwi.Marcello Messina, João Svidzinski, Deivid de Menezes Bezerra & David Ferreira da Costa - unknown
    This paper introduces, documents and reflects on an intercontinental live patching experience based on simultaneous remote interaction using the software Kiwi, and that can be subsumed under several features of Ubiquitous Music. The experience involved two academic groups based in three different universities between Brazil and France, namely, a research group from the two Brazilian Federal Universities of Acre and Paraíba, and a working group based at the University Paris 8 in France. The intercontinental simultaneous interaction may trigger reflections on (...)
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  51. Ubiquitous Music, Gelassenheit and the Metaphysics of Presence: Hijacking the Live Score Piece Ntrallazzu 4.Marcello Messina & Luzilei Aliel - unknown
    Originally composed by Marcello Messina, Ntrallazzu is a cycle of pieces for live score and electronics built on Max, and involving various instrumental line-ups. In particular, Ntrallazzu 4 was performed by Luzilei Aliel on the pífano and electric guitar in São João del Rei during the VIII UbiMus workshop. Aliel's particular setup also involved a further layer of processing: namely, the usage of Pure Data alongside Ableton Live in order to literally hijack the original piece and open a whole set (...)
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  52. Epistemology Historicized: The French Tradition.Anastasios Brenner - unknown
    Following the standard view, scientific theories are formal systems, which receive empirical content by way of certain correspondence rules. The task of philosophy of science is then to make explicit the structure of such systems. In contrast to this view, one can point to the French tradition in philosophy of science. What characterizes this tradition is recourse to historical study, which has evolved from an attempt to bridge the fields of philosophy of science and history of science by a closer (...)
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  53. Ontology and Logic in Avicenna's Concept of Truth.Olga Lucia Lizzini - unknown
    This chapter looks at Avicenna’s definition of truth or, more precisely, some aspects of it related to the theme of analysis or resolutio. Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā) tends to rework elements of the two traditions that constitute the history of analysis (and more generally the alphabet of Arabic philosophy), that is, in a very broad sense, the Aristotelian and Neoplatonic traditions. The doctrine of truth, in which logic and metaphysics are closely intertwined, clearly exemplifies this. Both senses of truth—the logical and (...)
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  54. Contingency and. Experience in Maupertuis's Essay on Cosmology.Anne-Lise Rey - unknown
    Anne-Lise Rey’s account of Maupertuis’s physical theology challenges the efforts on the part of commentators to align his work with Newton, Leibniz, or critics of Leibniz by examining the innovative epistemological principles that inform his Essay on Cosmology (1750). Through an analysis of his proofs of the existence of God in this work, she investigates Maupertuis’s view on how we can obtain certain knowledge of nature and the place he affords to experimentation and contingency in this regard. Rey claims that (...)
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  55. Gender Perspectives and New narratives.Anne-Lise Rey - unknown
    In this paper, I present the conjunction between a) a new history and philosophy of science, which, under the banner of a renewed historical epistemology, articulate a new relation between conceptual history and situated history; and b) new narratives in the history of philosophy that integrate women philosophers by showing the displacements this causes in terms of corpus, objects of research, and forms of writing. By questioning the philosophical canon, new focal points are brought to light.. Then I briefly present (...)
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  56. (1 other version)Gender: A Useful Category of Analysis for Tanzanian Researchers.Florence Wenzek - 2022 - Journal of International Women’s Studies 23 (2):119-132.
    This article enriches reflections on the circulation of the concept of gender in the Global South by looking at the transformations of Tanzanian research on gender in education between the 1970s and the early 1990s. A close reading of the texts shows how the concept of gender has been used in this field of study since 1990; it considers variations depending on authors and their positioning. Comparing this with the writings of the 1970s and 1980s, when no one used the (...)
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  57. A Modern Diotima: Johanna Charlotte Unzer between Wolffianism, Aesthetics and Popular Philosophy.Stefanie Buchenau - unknown
    Johanna Charlotte Unzer (1725–1782), born Ziegler, is the author of the first metaphysical treatise intended specifically for women. In the preface of this treatise, published in 1751, she justifies her ‘unhabitual’ enterprise, emphasizing that her intention is not to instruct but only to please her female readership. A closer glance, however, reveals a genuine philosophical intention and an active participation in the debate on popular philosophy and aesthetics in Halle. Challenging an all-too narrow and all-too mathematical conception of practical philosophy, (...)
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  58. Transforming architecture through fiction? Some ideas from an experience in action.Frédérique Mocquet - unknown
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  59. From deep time to physics: the contribution of geology to the interpretation of some fundamental concepts.Bernard Guy - unknown
    Our objective is to show how geology may help to make progress in the understanding of some fundamental concepts and issues dealing with space, time and movement. This leads us to the very theory of relativity in physics. A thought experiment is presented where geology has fully played a role. Deep (geologic) time is a way to speak of very slow movements, involving imperceptible changes of the ordinary space we live in. According to the relative speeds involved, what is space (...)
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  60. We Bergsonians: The Kyoto Manifesto.Elie During & Paul-Antoine Miquel - unknown
    Rather than a return to Bergson, the ‘Kyoto manifesto’ argues for a renewed, expanded Bergsonism: a philosophical inquiry that lives up to the methodological standards set by Bergson, even if this implies prolonging some of his intuitions in different directions—possibly against himself. Several aspects of this endeavour are examined in turn: the meaning of ‘intuition’ and the prospects of speculative empiricism, the ontological scope of scientific theories, emergentism and the virtual, the relevance of space-time for duration, the place of metaphysical (...)
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  61. The propensity interpretation of fitness and the propensity interpretation of probability.Isabelle Drouet - unknown
    The paper provides a new critical perspective on the propensity interpretation of fitness, by investigating its relationship to the propensity interpretation of probability. Two main conclusions are drawn. First, the claim that fitness is a propensity cannot be understood properly: fitness is not a propensity in the sense prescribed by the propensity interpretation of probability. Second, this interpretation of probability is inessential for explanations proposed by the propensity interpretation of fitness in evolutionary biology. Consequently, interpreting the probabilistic dimension of fitness (...)
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  62. Review of Robert Porter: Ideology. Contemporary Social, Political and Cultural Theory. [REVIEW]Signe Kjær Jørgensen - unknown
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  63. (1 other version)Formal verification, scientific code, and the epistemological heterogeneity of computational science.Cyrille Imbert & Vincent Ardourel - unknown
    Various errors can affect scientific code and detecting them is a central concern within computational science. Could formal verification methods, which are now available tools, be widely adopted to guarantee the general reliability of scientific code? After discussing their benefits and drawbacks, we claim that, absent significant changes as regards features like their user-friendliness and versatility, these methods are unlikely to be adopted throughout computational science, beyond certain specific contexts for which they are well-suited. This issue exemplifies the epistemological heterogeneity (...)
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  64. Science Facing Interoperability as a Necessary Condition of Success and Evil.Rémy Demichelis - unknown
    Artificial intelligence (AI) systems, such as machine learning algorithms, have allowed scientists, marketers and governments to shed light on correlations that remained invisible until now. Beforehand, the dots that we had to connect in order to imagine a new knowledge were either too numerous, too sparse or not even detected. Sometimes, the information was not stored in the same data lake or format and was not able to communicate. But in creating new bridges with AI, many problems appeared such as (...)
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  65. Can We Learn Anything from Brain Simulation?Remy Demichelis - unknown
    If you figure out how machines learn, then you will figure out how the brain works, and what the brain’s functions are. Such an idea is widespread among philosophers and computer scientists who agree with a functionalist reductionist point of view of consciousness. This theory leads to hold that the more accurate the simulation of cognitive behavior is, the more the math behind it must be true – when true means what really happens in our brain. In this article, we (...)
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  66. Digitized and Digitalized Humanities: Words and Identity.Claire Clivaz - unknown
    English. This paper analyses two closely related but different concepts, digitization and digitalization, first discussed in an encyclopedia article by Brennen and Kreiss in 2016. Digital Humanities mainly uses the first term, whereas business and economics tend to use the second to praise the process of the digitalization of society. But digitalization was coined as a critical concept in 1971 by Wachal and is sometimes used in post-colonial studies. Consequently, humanist scholars are invited to avoid the "path of least resistance" (...)
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  67. Introduction: Informing a Depthless World, the Great Consequence of our Digital Management.François-Xavier de Vaujany - unknown
    This introduction details the context and project of this book. Focused on the American industrial mobilization during World War II and its relationship with the renewal of management, The rise of digital management aims to describe how management as a set of practices and processes was renewed by the impetus of the war and its aftermath. In essence, before the war, the US and its future were just a radical uncertainty. Following the great depression, in the context of a creeping (...)
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  68. From 'Management' to 'Gestio', from New York to Rome.François-Xavier de Vaujany - unknown
    This book covers the US industrial mobilization and its extensions with the cold war and present time. It shows that scientific management experienced crisis before the war, and was reconfigured and re-legitimated as a digital management during the 40s and 50s. Today, this digital management has three main features: it is representationalist (its cognition and narration aim at unveiling the ‘real’ world through visualization, computation and digital semiosis at large), focused on the maintenance of processes (the continuity and interconnectivity of (...)
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  69. Boyarin’s Judaism and the Question of Religion.Daniel Barbu - 2023 - Judaïsme Ancien/Ancient Judaism.
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  70. Reflection.Simone Bateman, Jérôme Goffette, Sylvie Allouche & Michela Marzano - unknown
    This text is a reflection on the book we edited in 2015 : Inquiring into Human Enhancement – Interdisciplinary and International Perspectives. Andrew Webster and Sally Wyatt asked us how now we are considering this book, how meaningful it appears with a five years distance, what we presently are seeing as its more significant contributions, and what footprint or effect it involved in our intellectual lifes as researchers.
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  71. The Rise of Digital Management.François-Xavier de Vaujany - unknown
    This book analyzes the history of management, placing it in perspective with both American history and the genealogy of digital technology. Focusing on the years of industrial mobilization in the United States (from 1937 to 1945) and their extension into the Cold War, it shows in particular how “scientific management” was reconfigured and relegitimized in favor of a new, profoundly American geopolitics. In a context where the future was at a standstill, this research also explains what became of the managerial (...)
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  72. Hommage to Koyré: space as paradigmatic example of the unity of human thought.Charles Braverman - unknown
    My point is to demonstrate that Koyré’s work can be synthesised through the notion of space and that Koyré’s interest for this notion still has a great value for historians and philosophers of science. Actually, Koyré’s analysis shows us that space is perhaps the most efficient concept to use when examining mutations of thought. What is at stake with space? Space is the place where historians can find an expression of the “unity of human thought”. Space is then the centre (...)
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  73. The Concept of Complexion in Antonio da Parma's Medical Anthropology.Aurélien Robert - unknown
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  74. An Unfolding Geometry: Appropriating Proclus in the Harmonice mundi (1619).Jonathan Regier - unknown
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  75. Eliminating Life: From the early modern ontology of Life to Enlightenment proto-biology.Charles T. Wolfe - forthcoming - In Stephen Howard & Jack Stetter (eds.), The Edinburgh Critical History of Early Modern and Enlightenment Philosophy. Edinburgh University Press.
    Well prior to the invention of the term ‘biology’ in the early 1800s by Lamarck and Treviranus (and lesser-known figures in the decades prior), and also prior to the appearance of terms such as ‘organism’ under the pen of Leibniz and Stahl in the early 1700s, the question of ‘Life’, that is, the status of living organisms within the broader physico-mechanical universe, agitated different corners of the European intellectual scene. From modern Epicureanism to medical Newtonianism, from Stahlian animism to the (...)
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  76. Augustine, Aristotle, and Franciscans on Lying: A Study on Texts by Francis of Meyronnes and Gerald Odonis.Zi'Ang Chen - unknown
    This paper studies the discussions on the definition and moral axiology of lying by two fourteenth-century Franciscan theologians, Francis of Meyronnes and Gerald Odonis, placed against the both broader context of late medieval scholasticism in general and the Franciscan moral theology in particular. Augustine’s doxa on mendacity largely dominated the late medieval intellectual landscape, but his teachings were challenged by alternative definitional and axiological schemes of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. Both Meyronnes and Odonis, in their Decalogue and Ethics commentaries respectively, defended (...)
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  77. Reuniting philosophy and science to advance cancer research.Thomas Pradeu, Bertrand Daignan-Fornier, Andrew Ewald, Pierre-Luc Germain, Samir Okasha, Anya Plutynski, Sébastien Benzekry, Marta Bertolaso, Mina Bissell, Joel S. Brown, Benjamin Chin-Yee, Ian Chin-Yee, Hans Clevers, Laurent Cognet, Marie Darrason, Emmanuel Farge, Jean Feunteun, Jérôme Galon, Elodie Giroux, Sara Green, Fridolin Gross, Fanny Jaulin, Rob Knight, Ezio Laconi, Nicolas Larmonier, Carlo Maley, Alberto Mantovani, Violaine Moreau, Pierre Nassoy, Elena Rondeau, David Santamaria, Catherine M. Sawai, Andrei Seluanov, Gregory D. Sepich-Poore, Vanja Sisirak, Eric Solary, Sarah Yvonnet & Lucie Laplane - 2023 - Biological Reviews 98 (5):1668-1686.
    Cancers rely on multiple, heterogeneous processes at different scales, pertaining to many biomedical fields. Therefore, understanding cancer is necessarily an interdisciplinary task that requires placing specialised experimental and clinical research into a broader conceptual, theoretical, and methodological framework. Without such a framework, oncology will collect piecemeal results, with scant dialogue between the different scientific communities studying cancer. We argue that one important way forward in service of a more successful dialogue is through greater integration of applied sciences (experimental and clinical) (...)
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  78. Monuments of cyberspace.Paris Chrysos - unknown
    In light of the challenges entailed by the (re)design of the Internet, this paper develops the concept of “monuments of cyberspace”, to address the lack of clarity in current debates and more particularly in the use of the conceptual frameworks of “networks” and “communities”. To do so, I revisit the conceptual grounds of network approaches in different disciplines and those of communities of practice, using as an entry point the debate on personal data. To illustrate the value of the concept (...)
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  79. Mathematical Hygiene.Andrew Arana & Heather Burnett - 2023 - Synthese 202 (4):1-28.
    This paper aims to bring together the study of normative judgments in mathematics as studied by the philosophy of mathematics and verbal hygiene as studied by sociolinguistics. Verbal hygiene (Cameron 1995) refers to the set of normative ideas that language users have about which linguistic practices should be preferred, and the ways in which they go about encouraging or forcing others to adopt their preference. We introduce the notion of mathematical hygiene, which we define in a parallel way as the (...)
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  80. Transhumanism as a glimpse in the beyond: A case for its ventriloquy and narrative substitution.Philippe Gagnon - 2023 - In Adrian Lemeni & Nichifor Tănase (eds.), Transhumanism in the Light of Theology, Philosophy and Science: Critical Perspectives and Christian Metaphysical Implications (Timişoara, 26-29 May, 2022). pp. 61-73.
    Transhumanism first offers itself as a means to save oneself from an embodiment that is judged as being far from perfect. One needs to ask in its wake what comes of desires to escape limitations that come from the body, as they are means of an overcoming of the self. The AI project seems to be governed by norms for what the mind is, that could easily be judged inconsistent. Religious and theological traditions have looked at what the meaning of (...)
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  81. Disruption of biological processes in the Anthropocene: the case of phenological mismatch.Maël Montévil - unknown
    Biologists increasingly report anthropogenic disruptions of both organisms and ecosystems, suggesting that these processes are a fundamental, qualitative component of the Anthropocene. Nonetheless, the notion of disruption has not yet been theorized in biology. To progress in that regard, we work on a special case. Relatively minor temperature changes impact plant-pollinator synchrony, disrupting mutualistic interaction networks. Understanding this phenomenon requires a specific rationale since models describing them use both historical and systemic reasoning. Specifically, history justifies that the system is initially (...)
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  82. A History of Gravitational Waves between Discoveries & Nature of Science Teaching : hypotheses and Perspectives.Philippe Vincent - unknown
    The main research area of my PhD Thesis is History and Epistemology of Science (Physics, Mathematics, CNU 72). The combined–subjects are the History of Gravitational Waves (HGW) & the Nature of Science (NoS, CNU 70). Gravitational Waves (GW) are invisible undulations in space: any mass moves, then GW are generated through space–time radiating crossways a lake's surface. It is the main key to finally complete the Einstein's General Relativity. This thesis consists in four Parts across nine Chapters, including a large (...)
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  83. Engineering and Philosophy: Has Their Conversation Come of Age? (Panel).Christelle Didier, Diana-Adela Martin & Diane Michelfelder - unknown
    The panel aims to further a conversation between being advanced by a forthcoming volume, Engineering, Social Science, and the Humanities: Has Their Conversation Come of Age? (Eds. Christensen, Buch, Conlon, Didier, Mitcham, Murphy).
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  84. Avicenna, Book of the Healing, Isagoge (“Madḫal”) : Edition of the Arabic text, English translation and Commentary.Silvia Di Vincenzo - 2018 - Dissertation, Scuola Normale Superiore
    The thesis deals with a section of the major philosophical summa by Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā, d. 1037), namely the Book of the Healing (Kitāb al-Šifāʾ). The summa is structured into four parts, devoted to Logic, Natural Philosophy, Mathematics and Metaphysics; the section at stake is Avicenna’s reworking of Porphyry’s Isagoge (Kitāb al-Madḫal, i.e. “Book of the Introduction”) opening the section of Logic of the Šifāʾ. The thesis is articulated into three main parts, namely (i) an edition of the Arabic text (...)
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  85. Vortex Theories in the Early Modern Period.Fabrice Ferlin & Hugues Chabot - 2020 - Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences.
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  86. Space Journeys in the 17th Century as Thought Experiments?Hugues Chabot - unknown
    The discoveries realized with Galileo’s telescope made the idea of space journeys a commonplace in both literature and philosophy of the seventeenth century. Do these imaginary voyages provide more than metaphors of scientific knowledge? Can they be seen as a way to explore the consequences of copernican revolution? How could they relate with thought experiments? To answer this last query requires to give a definition and to attribute a function to thought experiment in natural philosophy. It also depends on the (...)
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  87. Mechanical and Chemical Explanations in Du Clos' Chemistry.Rémi Franckowiak - 2013 - Ambix 58 (1):13-28.
    Samuel Cottereau Du Clos (1598-1685) appears as the first French chemist to combine in chemistry – which is for him the science of substances, the physics of qualities – demonstrations using the laws of motion with demonstrations using the qualities of chemical principles, and in that way bringing to bear two different and complementary orders of explanations. According to him, the mechanical considerations represent a first approach, a stage towards the knowledge of “the truth of things” (la vérité des choses) (...)
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  88. (1 other version)Cottereau Du Clos, Samuel (1598-1685).Rémi Franckowiak - 2008 - In Luc Foisneau (ed.), The dictionary of seventeenth-century French philosophers. New York: Thoemmes. pp. 289-290.
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  89. (1 other version)Cottereau Du Clos, Samuel (1598-1685).Rémi Franckowiak - 2015 - In Luc Foisneau (ed.), Dictionnaire des philosophes français du XVIIe siècle : acteurs et réseaux du savoir. Editions Classiques Garnier. pp. 462-464.
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  90. Canguilhem: a philosophy of life and a philosophical history of the life sciences.Olivier Perru - 2018 - Filosofia E História da Biologia 13 (1):109-124.
    At first, Georges Canguilhem’s philosophy is a philosophy of medicine recognizing the main contribution of biological knowledge to medicine. However, this philosophy also questions the nature of life. Life involves biological processes, but life is also normativity. In this paper, we question the normativity and the epistemological history in Canguilhem’s works to understand their relevance for current scientific questions. According to Canguilhem, the epistemological history of the life sciences concerns an activity of constitution of (biological) scientific disciplines. The relevance of (...)
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  91. The Spirit of Parody: Nakae Chōmin and the 'Philosophy of Joy'.Eddy Dufourmont - 2009 - In Nakajima Takahiro (ed.), Whither Japanese Philosophy 2? Reflections through Other Eyes.
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  92. (1 other version)Genetics after World War II: The Laboratories at Gif.Richard Burian & Jean Gayon - 1989 - Cahiers Pour l'Histoire du CNRS 6:108-110.
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  93. Remote Encounters of a Distant Kind: Natives and Westerners in Adam Smith’s International Thought.Jean Dellemotte & Laurie Bréban - 2024 - In Benjamin Bourcier & Mikko Jakonen (eds.), British Modern International Thought in the Making: Politics and Economy from Hobbes to Bentham. Springer Verlag. pp. 167-201.
    In this chapter Laurie Bréban and Jean Dellemotte explain how Adam Smith understood the differences and relations between indigenous peoples and Westerners. The authors demonstrate the unity and the ambiguities in Smith’s views of natives and Westerners as presented in his international thought. In doing so, they investigate Smith’s economic thought and moral philosophy and bring new light to his relation to colonialism.
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