It is a contested question in contemporary theories of religion whether the concept of religion can be defined in a sound way or not. Many theorists maintain that a universal but delimiting definition is impossible. In this study, by contrast, it is argued that a conceptual analysis of religion that holds universally is perfectly possible because the following thesis can be seen as a necessary and sufficient conceptual condition of what religion is: X is a religion if and only if (...) X is a collection of artifacts which has the proper function of representing a supraphysical world. On this thesis, it is argued that artifacts such as pictorial and verbal representations, rituals, symbols, and various tools constitute religion as a cultural object, which, as a collection of artifacts, has the proper function of representing a conceived world that is not entirely physical, and which, allegedly, is a prerequisite for existential welfare in relation to observance. It is here important to understand what is constitutive for these kinds of conceived worlds. Supraphysical world is defined as follows. Given that the actual world is a physical world, a conception S is a construction of a supraphysical world if and only if both of the following conditions apply to S: Metaphysical component: S is a duplicate of the actual world with the addition of an anti-physical substance. Existential-normative component: S is an alleged prerequisite for existential welfare in relation to observance. The core argument of the study is that holds a priori for the concept of religion and as an a posteriori necessity for every instance of a religion. Apart from discussing the methodological problems of defining religion, the study introduces a new theory of religion in terms of. It addresses issues in the theory of artifacts; in the theory of representations; and in the theory of conceptual analysis. (shrink)

Reflexion zu Cusanusʼ pastoralem Wirken. Theologische Wendungen und Gedanken zur heutigen communio -- Die Autorinnen und Autoren -- Buchinfo -- Eigenanzeigen.

The aim of this paper is to examine W. V.Quine's theory of infants' early acquisition oflanguage, with a narrow focus on Quine's theory ofobservation sentences. Intersubjectivity and sensoryexperiences, the two features that characterise thenotion, receive the most attention. It is argued,following a suggestion from Donald Davidson, thatQuine favours a proximal theory of languageacquisition, i.e., a theory which is focused onprivate experiences as ultimate sources ofstimulation, contrary to a distal theory, where thestimulus source is located in externally observableobjects and events. I (...) use the philosophical criticismof Donald Davidson, Dagfinn Føllesdal and CharlesTaylor to suggest an alternative account of languageacquisition, which emphasises the primacy ofparticipation and joint attention to external stimuli.I argue that such an alternative theory is moreconsistent with recent studies in child developmentand language acquisition. (shrink)

The main aim of this paper is to present the motivation of the thesis that theoretical models con not fulfill the function of representation. The author analyses examples of such models used in molecular quantum mechanics.

Автор пытается дать точное понятие модели, определения объёма работы и методов, называемых моделированием. Модель - это носеенная система. Замещающая действительный предмет познания, и которая остается в определенной реляции по отношению к этому предмету. Моделирование является универсальным методом косвенного исследования действительности и относится к объектам, которые не могут быть исследованы непосредственным путём. Универсальность моделирования заключается в том, что можно его использовать по отношению к любым предметам исследования. Можно такте его использовать на различных ступенях процедуры исследования. При посредничестве модели можно выразить каждую (...) форму и функцию научного познания. (shrink)

Kakšne možnosti obstajajo za reprezentacijo kapitalizma kot takega? To vprašanje se opira na predstavo o kognitivnem mapiranju, kot sta ga raziskovala Toscano in Kinkle v Cartographies of the Absolute, v nadaljevanju pa avtor glede na to vprašanje obravnava abstraktne potenciale računalnikov in Turingovega stroja, ki omogočajo izdelavo algoritmičnega modela kapitalizma.

The paper analyzes the incompatibility of Evolutionary Epistemology of Theories (EET) with Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. The argument consists of four parts, each addressing a specific problem with EET and offering examples. Firstly, advocates of EET frequently misapply Darwin’s theory by asserting that evolution is teleological, which is at odds with Darwinism. Secondly, the “universal Darwinism” underlying EET is inconsistent with the relativism present in Darwin’s theory. Thirdly, because of the relativistic character of Darwin’s theory, philosophies that appeal to (...) it need to provide additional justification for using Darwin’s ideas outside of biology, which EET fails to do. Finally, the paper demonstrates that the Darwinocentric historiography proposed by EET underappreciates neo-Lamarckism, whose model of evolution is closer to that used in EET. (shrink)

-- vyp. 4. Opyt teoreticheskoĭ istorii -- vyp. 5. Poznavatelʹnye sredstva teoreticheskoĭ istorii -- vyp. 6. Metod teoreticheskoĭ istorii.

В монографии рассматриваются возможности применения обобщенной релевантной логики к проблеме моделирования рассуждений. Для научных работников, аспирантов, студентов, специалистов в философской логике, аргументации и компьютерной науке.

Qur'an courses for the 4-6 age group took their place among religious education activities with a pilot application in 2012-2013. Since then, the literature on the Qur'an course for the 4-6 age group continues to be enriched by various research. The book titled Evaluation of 4-6 Years Qur'an Course Teaching Program (Stufflebeam CIPP Model) was written to give feedback on the teaching program and fill the gap in the literature. With this study, for the first time, 4-6-year-old course teaching programs (...) were evaluated with the Stufflebeam CIPP model in context, input, process, and product dimensions. Although there are areas for improvement in the research, the study is important as it gives information about the model in question and accelerates program development studies. (shrink)