"Ces "questiones" sont particulièrement reprèsentatives de la logique italienne au XIVe siècle.

This essay outlines the history of Alexandrism in the Middle Ages, focusing on the reception of Alexander of Aphrodisias in the late-medieval universities. Alexander of Aphrodisias met with severe criticism in the 13th century from William of Auvergne, Albert the Great and Thomas of Aquinas among others, but in the 14th century this attitude changed completely with John Buridan, giving way to a positive and productive adoption of his theories. The centerpiece of the controversy was Alexander's doctrine that the human (...) soul is similar to the animal soul and hence mortal "like the soul of a dog or a donkey." Previously condemned as the absurd thesis of an outsider - wrongly so, because Alexander was perfectly in line with a long peripatetic tradition beginning with Dikaiarch of Messene and Straton of Lampsakos -, this doctrine was now considered philosophically superior to and sounder than the competing theories of Averroes and the Roman Catholic faith. In connection with this doctrine, Buridan stated that some higher species of animals have the ability to think like a man or an ape and that an ape can even be said to have some reason. Buridan's interpretation of Alexander was disseminated at the universities of the 14th and 15th centuries by his many followers, including Lawrence of Lindores, Marsilius of Inghen, Nicholas of Amsterdam, Biagio Pelacani of Parma and Benedikt Hesse of Kraków. (shrink)

Excerpt from Introduzione Enciclopedica Alle Scienze Giuridiche e Sociali Nel Sistema della Giurisprudenza In un' libro elementare, come questo, la esposizione deve essere piuttosto dogmatica, la bibliografia ridotta al puro necessario. Volli esser conciso anche perch' l'1nsegnante pu completare con la viva parola, lo studente con la riflessione ci che appositamente fu omesso. Un libro di testo che non fa In alcun modo pensare lo studente e snervante; nella universit dobbiamo sopratutto aver cura che egli si abitui a pensare e (...) a ragionare. Da di versi anni ricevo i giovani usciti appena dal liceo, e ripetutamente Osservo che la mate. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

No romance de W.G. Sebald, Os anéis de Saturno (Die Ringe des Saturn: Eine englische Wallfahrt, 1995), o narrador, a partir da descrição de certos lugares de Suffolk, reconstrói acontecimentos históricos e biografias, relata entrevistas, apresenta e menciona obras e lugares, correlacionando tempos e espaços que várias vezes estão muito distantes uns dos outros. Essas aparentes digressões labirínticas ligam-se à história principal de uma forma ou de outra. A nossa hipótese é a de que Os anéis de Saturno possui uma (...) estrutura altamente labiríntica e enciclopédica, característica, por outro lado, de toda a obra sebaldiana, através da qual o autor manifesta seu conhecimento trágico do mundo.Palavras-chave: Sebald. Romance enciclopédico. Enciclopédia. Labirinto. AbstractIn W.G Sebald's novel The Rings of Saturn (Die Ringe des Saturn: Eine englische Wallfahrt, 1995), the narrator, from the description of certain places in Suffolk, reconstructs historical events and biographies, reports interviews, describes and mentions works and places correlating times and spaces that are often very far apart. These apparent labyrinthian digressions tie into the main story in one way or another. Our hypothesis is that The Rings of Saturn have a highly labyrinthian and encyclopedic structure, characteristic, on the other hand, of the entire Sebaldian work, through which the author manifests his tragic knowledge of the world.Keywords: Sebald. Encyclopedic Novel. Encyclopedia. Labyrinth.ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9333-4461. (shrink)

Nell'agosto del 1462 papa Pio II investiva il cardinale Bessarione di Nicea della commenda del monastero di Grottaferrata, che succedeva al calabrese Pietro Vitali, ultimo degli egumeni de regimine, eletto a capo dell'Archimandritato di Messina. Uno dei primi atti di governo di Bessarione fu di incaricare l'arcivescovo di Siponto Niccolò Perotti, quale suo procuratore, di procedere ad una dettagliata ricognizione dei beni mobili e immobili del monastero criptense. I relativi inventari ci sono pervenuti nei mss. Grottaferrata Z. δ. XII (ff. (...) 1-63) per i beni immobili, e Grottaferrata, Archivio del Monumento Nazionale, 523 (ff. 105-116) per i beni mobili. Nei ff. 108v-110 di quest'ultimo documento, la cui redazione era stata affidata dal Perotti al notaio Stefano Tegliati (o Tegliazio), si trova il primo sommario elenco conosciuto dei libri manoscritti della biblioteca, pubblicato da Pierre Batiffol e poi da Antonio Rocchi. Vi risultano 114 manoscritti greci, 2 latini e «circa viginti volumina librorum sine principio et mala ordinata». (shrink)

Readers have struggled to interpret an image from the end of Juvenal's fifth satire, a poem which focusses upon the poor hospitality shown to a dinner guest, Trebius, at the hands of his host, Virro. After repeatedly juxtaposing the luxurious food served to Virro with the scant fare served to Trebius, Juvenal describes the final course of thecena. He again contrasts the host's hyper-abundance with his guest's mere scraps (5.149–55):Virro sibi et reliquis Virronibus illa iubebitpoma dari, quorum solo pascaris odore,qualia (...) perpetuus Phaeacum autumnus habebat,credere quae possis subrepta sororibus Afris:tu scabie frueris mali, quod in aggere roditqui tegitur parma et galea, metuensque flagellidiscit ab hirsuta iaculum torquere capella.Virro will demand that he and the rest of his entourage receive these apples—though you'll dine on their smell alone—like those the endless autumn of the Phaeacians used to yield, which you could believe stolen away from the African sisters: you will enjoy the scab of an apple, which, on the Embankment, is gnawed by someone who is protected by a buckler and helm and who, fearing a whipping, learns to hurl a javelin from atop a shaggy goat.While the core contrast between the quality of each type of fare is clear, the concludingqui-clause is less intelligible. Who could this entity be? On line 153, the scholiast comments:quale simia manducat. Whilequalecould refer to the object being eaten (scabie mali quod) rather than to thequi-antecedent, it is clear in any case that the ancient reader felt that 5.153–5 evoked the image of an ape. Recent commentaries on Juvenal's fifth satire reflect a scholarly consensus: J.D. Duff, Edward Courtney, Susanna Braund and Biagio Santorelli all follow the scholiast's suggestion and believe that the passage describes a trained ape, as do recent readers of the poem. (shrink)

José de Sousa Pereira, membro do Conselho da Fazenda de D. Pedro II, foi enviado a Roma com a embaixada do Bispo de Lamego entre 1676 a 1682. Consignou as impressões da viagem A politica dos princepes de Itália em 1680, decerto com a finalidade de fornecer modelos críti­cos aos governantes portugueses. Da apreciação da política italiana ressaltam simpatias pela república veneziana, pelo Ducado de Saboia, mas também um conhecimento deficiente das políti­cas de Génova, Modena, Mântua, Parma e Lucca, tão (...) reduzida é a informação que sobre elas aduz. Fez ressaltar o peso da falta de unidade territorial da Itália, os inconvenientes do regime electivo e as vantagens do absolutismo, este através do modelo da corte papal e na participação da nobreza, ao nível dos outros Estados. Mas a sugestão utópica vai para a república, através duma idealização do regime veneziano. Diplomata como era, Pereira não enjeitou também in­teressantes observações sobre política internacional. (shrink)

Biagio Tassone's study From Psychology to Phenomenology offers an in depth exploration of Brentano's seminal work as an example of a still relevant approach to philosophy of mind.

In recent works, Časlav Brukner and Jacques Pienaar have raised interesting objections to the relational interpretation of quantum mechanics. We answer these objections in detail and show that, far from questioning the viability of the interpretation, they sharpen and clarify it.

Este artículo se propone mostrar que el significado de aisthesis para Protágoras responde al uso y significación de la filosofía jónica, esto es, aún significa indistintamente juicio, sensación, emoción, creencia, en fin, doxa. Esto tiene una consecuencia muy relevante para la comprensión del homo mensura y la tesis que afirma: aisthesis es episteme.

El artículo se propone una reflexión crítica sobre el fenómeno del holograma en concierto, a través del “Callas in Concert”, del _Rose Theater at Lincoln Center_. Para ello, se diserta sobre la imagen, la reproducción y la condición de imitación del holograma con relación al original, y la calidad de esa experiencia estética. Asimismo, se analiza su función de _pharmakon_ para la memoria humana, las profundas diferencias que guarda con el recuerdo, y lo que puede afectar nuestras relaciones con el (...) pasado. Finalmente, si fenómenos como el holograma en concierto, son muestras de la condición ‹‹irreemplazable›› –como sostiene Gadamer- de la experiencia en directo. (shrink)

“De amore: Socrates and Alcibiades in Plato’s Symposium”. This articleproposes to study the relationship between Socrates and Alcibiades according toPlato’s Symposium. By these means, we seek to relect upon the other kind of lovewhich Socrates also exempliies in the dialogue, with the aim of understandingSocrates’ behavior towards Alcibiades beyond the moral contraposition betweenthe spiritual love of contemplation and the earthly love of Alcibiades. Moreover,we aim to present an approach to this relationship without identifying it with aSocratic conirmation of Diotima’s version. (...) To this end, we will not neglect theimportant homoerotic atmosphere of the dialogue and the epoch. (shrink)

This article proposes a study on love as an ambivalent experience that incorporates, along with the pleasant, essentially pain, and whose experience requires preparation and self-knowledge. To do this, I have taken as a starting point fragment 130 of sappho and the Platonic notion of soul of Phaedrus, to culminating in a reconsideration of pain as a necessary experience that allows the understanding of what sappho’s calls “bittersweet” love. The erotic suffering is considered in two ways: from the deep pain (...) that leads to the abyss, to the pain that is in balance with “the sweetness” of love. (shrink)

Bases de la teoría del delito. Causalismo, finalismo y funcionalismo. Pasado, presente y futuro. Neurciencias. Conceptos penales -- Teoría de la imputación objetiva -- Consideraciones generales. Dogmática jurídica en torno al autor y participe. La tesis del dominio del hecho -- El dominio del hecho. La gran respuesta a los problemas de la autoría. Derecho comparado -- Autor que domina y otras hipótesis. Formas de autoria. Directa. Coautoria: funcional y concomitante. Mediata -- Las formas de autoria en la legislación latinoamericana (...) y europea. La influencia de Roxin -- El participe -- La autoria y la participación en los delitos económicos: La empresa -- Delitos de peligro. Omisión. Dolo. Error. Legitima defensa -- Tentativa -- Enrique Bacigaupo: el profesor latinoamericano de mayor dedicación a la dogmática de la teoría del delito -- Culpabilidad -- Enfoques sobre la teoría de la pena. (shrink)

Love has always liked, as we can observe since the same lyrical beginnings, to show itself, proclaim itself, as if something vital was played in that revelation that, in a certain sense, does not stop being strange because we are talking about deep experiences of each one’s soul. Now, that showing, which has found a place of privilege, must be thought under the digital cloak that dresses Eros, and think about it, then, as digital Eros. From Plato, Eros is a (...) desire for the beautiful, Eros loves the beautiful. Therefore, the showing itself beautiful of love, requires a reflection in relation with how we show ourselves beautiful, that is, how the possibilities of networks allow us to make, sculpt, elaborate for that purpose. Finally, this implies a revision of the fictitious and the authentic of us, what the networks allow of us. (shrink)

¿Las sociedades latinoamericanas están mal gobernadas o son simplemente ingobernables? Tal es la incógnita que orienta este trabajo. En el primer caso, los déficits de gobernabilidad que se manifiestan en casi todo el continente serían adjudicables a una insuficiente provisión de gobierno; en el segundo, a una demanda sobredimensionada que superaría toda posibilidad de satisfacción. Este artículo analiza la provisión y demanda de gobierno en un país del Cono Sur, la República Argentina, a lo largo de los últimos 70 años.

Journal Name: Philologus Issue: Ahead of print.

This paper critically examines the philosophical foundations of Colin Wilson’s New Existentialism. I will show how Wilson’s writings promoted a phenomenological strategy for understanding states of ecstatic affirmation within so-called ‘peak experiences’. Wilson subsequently attempted to use the life affirming insights bestowed by peak states to establish an ontological ground for values to serve as a foundation for his New Existentialism. Because of its psychological focus however, I argue that Wilson’s New Existentialism contains an ambivalent framework for establishing ontological categories, (...) which leads his thought into theoretical difficulties. More precisely, Wilson’s strategy runs into problems in coherently integrating its explicitly psychological interpretation of Husserl’s theory of intentionality within a broader, and philosophically coherent, phenomenological framework. Wilson’s psychological reading of Husserl’s transcendental reduction, for example, manifests tensions in how it reconciles the empirical basis of acts of transcendence with an essentialist conception of the self as a transcendental ego. The above tensions, I argue, ultimately render the New Existentialism susceptible to criticism from a Husserlian-transcendental perspective. After outlining a Husserlian critique of Wilson’s position, I end the paper by suggesting how some of the central insights of the New Existentialism might help to bridge the gap that persists between pure phenomenological description and metaphysics. (shrink)

On man, from the religious to the scientific aspects, and the salient characteristics which distinguish him from other animals, with a description of the passage which has consolidated the author's own religious faith.

Facts happen at every interaction, but they are not absolute: they are relative to the systems involved in the interaction. Stable facts are those whose relativity can effectively be ignored. In this work, we describe how stable facts emerge in a world of relative facts and discuss their respective roles in connecting quantum theory and the world. The distinction between relative and stable facts resolves the difficulties pointed out by the no-go theorem of Frauchiger and Renner, and is consistent with (...) the experimental violation of the Local Friendliness inequalities of Bong et al.. Basing the ontology of the theory on relative facts clarifies the role of decoherence in bringing about the classical world and solves the apparent incompatibility between the ‘linear evolution’ and ‘projection’ postulates. (shrink)

Lawrence et al. have presented an argument purporting to show that “relative facts do not exist” and, consequently, “Relational Quantum Mechanics is incompatible with quantum mechanics”. The argument is based on a GHZ-like contradiction between constraints satisfied by measurement outcomes in an extended Wigner’s friend scenario. Here we present a strengthened version of the argument, and show why, contrary to the claim by Lawrence et al., these arguments do not contradict the consistency of a theory of relative facts. Rather, considering (...) this argument helps clarify how one should not think about a theory of relative facts, like RQM. (shrink)

In the Aeneid, Virgil sets out to achieve a new sublime style, paradoxically steeped in the common parlance. He aims for the spontaneity of everyday language to win readers’ involvement, while elaborating a discourse both expressively taut and stylistically marked, that avoids a register too colloquial or prosaic. Above all, he tirelessly deploys an array of subtle strategies – below the threshold of perception – that defamiliarize language in order to elevate its style. The present paper furnishes a selection of (...) case studies. (shrink)