This study conforms an essay, in the terms of an investigation of a faculty subject at University, on the usage of exploratory methods of multivaried analysis. The exercise consists in conforming a regionalisation of subprovincial areas according to their level of social development. In order to ac..

As ciências médicas, biomédicas, humanas e sociais têm avançado de forma frenética nos últimos anos. Com isso, se faz cada vez mais necessário o debate ético que visa contemplar o respeito à dignidade humana, animal e ao meio ambiente. A bioética se dedica a esse debate e se propõe a estendê-lo a setores não acadêmicos, como sociedades de proteção dos animais, dos direitos humanos e até grupos religiosos. Essa diversidade de opiniões não só é interessante, mas necessária, uma vez que (...) os valores praticados em uma sociedade provêm de uma construção social cujos blocos fundamentais têm origem na família e nos diversos grupos sociais nos quais os indivíduos estão inseridos desde o seu nascimento. A proposta deste livro é fomentar esse debate, fornecendo conceitos e visões sobre temas selecionados da pesquisa e da prática médica, biotecnológica e de áreas correlatas. Em um contexto mundial de intolerância política, social, étnica e de gênero, oportunidades de debate também possuem um papel social de auxiliar no desenvolvimento consciente da cidadania e do respeito ao próximo. Sobretudo, o debate nos faz enxergar o outro como parelho, ainda que cada um possua as suas especificidades, opiniões e histórias de vida. (shrink)

No início dos anos 40, Gilda de Mello e Souza publicou contos, dando início a uma experiência na ficção brasileira posteriormente interompida. Este ensio procura mostrar as razões da incompreensão com que foram recebidos esses contos e lamenta a perda que significou a desistência da criação literária por parte da autora.

From the analysis of the local and provincial elected people in the province of East-Flanders during the period 1946-1991 one can conclude that there are barriers for women, lower social classes and certain age categories preventing them from moving up the local and provincial political! elites.Clear differences between local and provincial elected people are present when comparing professional backgrounds with the composition of the total working population in East-Flanders. Workers are neither on the local, nor on the provincial level very (...) numerous. However the large absence with the provincial elected people bhs to be emphazised. Secondly farmers, intellectual and free professions, employees, self-employed and employers are on both levels constantly overrepresented. However the overrepresentation of farmers can mainly be situated on the local level until the mergers of 1976. For intellectual and free professions, till the mid-sixties the overrepresentation can mainly be situated on the provincial level, from then onwards on the local level. The employees' overrepresentation has always been most important on the provincial level white the self-employed and employers are mainly overrepresented on the local level from 1970 onwards. Finally till about 1970 teaching personnel was underrepresented on both levels white from then onwards there is an overrepresentation. (shrink)

Hace ya más de una década que se acuñó el concepto de "elearning", docencia virtual, aprendizaje online y otros similares para referirse a los procesos formativos apoyados total o parcialmente a través de las TIC en general, y particularmente, mediante entornos online. Desde entonces hasta el presente este formato de docencia y aprendizaje ha dejado de ser un fenómeno minoritario para convertirse en una modalidad de oferta educativa generalizada en muchas instituciones formativas.

De Jaegher’s (2009) paper argues that Gallagher, who aims to replace traditional theory-of-mind accounts of social understanding with accounts based on direct perception (hereafter DP), has missed an important opportunity. Despite a desire to break faith with tradition, there is a danger that proponents of DP accounts will remain (at least tacitly) committed to an unchallenged, and perhaps unnoticed, sort of individualism inherent in traditional theories (i.e. those that regard our engagement with others as a ‘problem’ to be solved: a (...) problem of other minds). Taking a more root and branch approach, De Jaegher recommends a complete shift of focus. She proposes that a more thoroughgoing and fruitful response to traditional approaches must attend to, and seek to understand, interactional phenomena proper—for it is the nature of interactions themselves that importantly influence individuals. Hence, it is the processes of interacting which ‘span individuals’ and their specific, dynamic evolution over time that should take pride of place in research into social cognition. De Jaegher wants to put interactional processes – those that can ‘take on life of their own’ and ‘influence interactors’ – at the heart of enquiries into intersubjectivity. Citing other recent work she has done with Di Paolo, she bills this as ‘‘the central task of any account of intersubjectivity” (De Jaegher, 2009, p. 2; De Jaegher & Di Paolo, 2007). The trouble is that this way of putting matters can make it look as if there is just one task facing researchers in this area; that we are faced with an either/or choice. But it is clear that any fully illuminated understanding of interactional phenomena will require accounts of what individuals and their sub-personal processes/mechanisms are doing in this larger process and, presumably, how their mechanisms/tendencies of response constrain and shape local bouts of interacting, even if we assume it is the dynamics of such encounters that importantly influence and shape what comes next.. (shrink)

The paper aims to review critically the concept of discipline and observe from it the classifications have been proposed to organize the subfields belonging to social sciences in Chile. Reflection begins by reviewing the concept of discipline, from its different meanings it has had to its current use in the academic world as a field or area of knowledge. Under the latter sense can be seen that there are two disputing senses, one with emphasis on epistemic order, and other on (...) factors of socio-historical nature. It analyses the different taxonomic proposals used to group and classify sub disciplines is social sciences by governmental institutions, as well as the Faculties of Social Sciences. Finally a review is made to studies on the development and establishment of social sciences in Chile, while excluding social work discipline. El artículo tiene como propósito hacer una revisión crítica en torno al concepto de disciplina y a partir de éste observar las clasificaciones que se han propuesto para organizar las subdisciplinas pertenecientes al campo de las ciencias sociales en Chile. Se inicia la reflexión revisando el concepto de disciplina, a partir de sus diferentes acepciones que ha tenido hasta su actual uso en el mundo académico, como campo o área del conocimiento. Bajo esta última acepción se aprecia la existencia de dos metasignificados que disputan su sentido, uno con énfasis en cuestiones de orden epistémico, y otro, en factores de naturaleza sociohistóricos. Se analiza las diferentes propuestas taxonómicas que se utilizan para agrupar y clasificar las subdiciplinas del área de las ciencias sociales por parte de instituciones gubernamentales encargadas del desarrollo de la educación y las ciencias del país, así como de las Facultades Universitarias de Ciencias Sociales. Finalmente se elabora una crítica a los estudios realizados sobre el desarrollo y constitución de las ciencias sociales en el Chile, en tanto se excluye al Trabajo Social como disciplina. (shrink)

The 1970-1971 revision of the Belgian constitution recognized the existence of three cultural communities and three geographic regions.The implementation of the constitutional provisions regarding cultural and regional autonomy led to the creation of several new subnational institutions of which the most important are the cultural and the regional Councils. Each cultural Council groups the senators and the representatives of similar linguistic group, while the regional Councils are composed of these same parliamentarians in accordance with their geographic residence. These Councils may (...) thus be seen as sub-groupings of the national Parliament.Although both are essentially advisory bodies, the cultural Councils do legislate decrees which, when enforced by the respective Ministers of Culture, have the force of law. On the other hand, the regional Councils are purely consultative assemblies, providing opinions and requesting clarifications and justifications of national decisions in the functional areas, specified by the Constitution. A ministerial committee of each region considers the Council's recommendations in enforcing national policies in the regions.The complexity of national-community-regional relations and the political discussions between the supporters of regionalization and those favoring culturalization shows the temporary nature of the present institutionalization. (shrink)

La intención de mi colaboración en este número de la Revista Arbor dedicado a «Ciencia y Tecnología en el CSIC: una visión de género», no es hacer un análisis exhaustivo del área y de su problemática de género. Más bien voy a dedicar estas líneas a realizar un breve relato histórico y un análisis puntual, a modo de foto fija, del momento actual, en base a la información recogida en diferentes documentos del CSIC para los datos cuantitativos y, lo que (...) es más importante, en base a las experiencias personales de científicas (entre las que incluyo la propia después de treinta y seis años en el organismo), con diferentes orígenes académicos, que se dedican también a distintas líneas de investigación en los Institutos que componen el área. A todas ellas les doy las gracias y citaré sus valiosas y acertadas opiniones. (shrink)

Resumo: O presente artigo analisa a composição étnico-racial dos programas de pós-graduação brasileiros da área de filosofia. O propósito é identificar as características gerais da área e analisar os dados disponíveis sobre as declarações de cor/raça em seus mestrados e doutorados. Espera-se que essas análises sejam úteis para a discussão e proposição de ações afirmativas em tais programas. O resultado obtido evidenciou que negros estão largamente sub-representados na pós-graduação em filosofia. Com efeito, a área é atualmente entre as humanidades a (...) de maior concentração de estudantes declarados brancos. Isto posto, o estudo especula possíveis causas e consequências dessa situação, procurando encontrar caminhos para o enfrentamento efetivo do racismo acadêmico. Palavras-chave: Desigualdades Raciais; Perfil Discente; Racismo Acadêmico. Black People in Philosophy Graduate Programs in Brazil Abstract: The present paper analyzes the ethnic-racial composition of Brazilian graduate programs in the field of philosophy. Its purpose is to identify the general characteristics of the field, and to analyze the available data on color/race in its master’s and doctoral programs. It is hoped that these analyzes will be useful for the discussion and proposition of affirmative actions in such programs. The result obtained showed that blacks are largely underrepresented in Brazilian philosophy graduate schools. Indeed, the field is currently the one with the highest concentration of students declared to be white among all the human sciences in Brazil. With that being said, the study speculates on possible causes and consequences of that situation, seeking to find ways to effectively confront academic racism. Keywords: Racial Inequalities; Student Profile; Academic Racism. Schwarze Menschen an Graduiertenprogrammen für Philosophie in Brasilien Zusammenfassung: Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die ethnisch-rassische Zusammensetzung brasilianischer Graduiertenprogramme im Bereich Philosophie. Sein Zweck ist es, die allgemeinen Merkmale des Fachgebiets zu identifizieren und die verfügbaren Daten zu Farbe/Rasse in seinen Master- und Doktoratsprogrammen zu analysieren. Es ist zu hoffen, dass diese Analysen für die Diskussion und den Vorschlag von Maßnahmen positiver Diskriminierung in solchen Programmen nützlich sein werden. Das hier erreichte Ergebnis zeigte, dass Schwarze in den brasilianischen Graduiertenkollegs stark unterrepräsentiert sind. In der Tat ist das Fachgebiet derzeit dasjenige unter allen Humanwissenschaften in Brasilien mit der höchsten Konzentration von Studenten, die als weiß deklariert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund spekuliert diese Studie über mögliche Ursachen und Folgen dieser Situation und versucht, Wege zu finden, um akademischem Rassismus wirksam entgegenzutreten. Schlüsselwörter: Rassenungleichheiten; Studierendenprofil; Akademischer Rassismus. Data de registro: 16/06/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

El artículo titulado "El Area de Ciencia y Tecnologías Químicas del CSIC: ¿un Area de químicas?» pretende mostrar una breve panorámica del lugar que ocupa el género femenino dentro de la citada Area. En la primera parte se aportan las estadísticas que reflejan el número y porcentaje de científicas totales en los distintos Institutos del Area, así como su distribución entre las tres escalas de personal científico del Organismo. Una segunda parte está dedicada a recoger las aportaciones personales de varias (...) científicas del Area acerca del tema, visto desde sus propias experiencias. (shrink)

Andreas Follesdal,Victor Muñiz Fraticelli | : A Principle of Subsidiarity regulates the allocation and/or use of authority within a political order where authority is dispersed between a centre and various sub-units. Section 1 sketches the role of such principle of subsidiarity in the EU, and some of its significance in Canada. Section 2 presents some conceptions of subsidiarity that indicate the range of alternatives. Section 3 considers some areas where such conceptions might add value to constitutional and political deliberations in (...) Canada. Section 4 concludes with some reminders of crucial contested issues not fully resolved by appeals to subsidiarity alone, exemplified by the protection of human rights. | : Un principe de subsidiarité réglemente la répartition et/ou l’usage de l’autorité au sein d’un ordre politique où l’autorité est dispersée entre un centre et des sous-unités variées. La section 1 de cet article montre le rôle d’un tel principe de subsidiarité dans l’Union européenne, et certaines de ses implications au Canada. La section 2 présente des conceptions de la subsidiarité qui indiquent un éventail d’alternatives. La section 3 considère certains domaines où de telles conceptions pourraient ajouter de la valeur aux délibérations constitutionnelles et politiques au Canada. La section 4 conclut en rappelant certains problèmes cruciaux contestés, non entièrement résolus par les seuls appels à la subsidiarité, exemplifiés par la protection des droits humains. (shrink)

Georg Friedrich Meier was among the most influential philosophers and journalists of the European Enlightenment. He was active in all the sub-areas of academic philosophy and also in the context of literary and popular philosophical discourse. He was held in high esteem by Mendelssohn, Lessing, Herder, and Kant, but until now, there has been no overall presentation of Meier s oeuvre. This book fills that gap.".

The nineteenth century saw significant changes in how the law articulated the assessment of those who came before the courts. The judges made greater, and more refined, use of the concept of the mind as a way to refer to the internal lives of the parties. Using a Foucauldian lens, judgments from the sub-disciplines of criminal, succession and contract law will be assessed. Two specific aspects will be considered—the manner in which the law disciplined the subjects themselves and the manner (...) in which the profession operated as a form of externalised governance. This deployment of the term “mind” used by the judges conforms with the idea that the law was taking on a new role in the governance of English society while emphasising specific tensions within each area. (shrink)

A Série Investigação Filosófica é uma série de livros de traduções de verbetes da Enciclopédia de Filosofia da Stanford (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) e de outras plataformas internacionalmente reconhecidas, que intenciona servir tanto como material didático para os professores das diferentes sub-áreas e níveis da Filosofia quanto como material de estudo para a pesquisa e para concursos da área. Nós, professores, sabemos o quão difícil é encontrar bom material em português para indicarmos. E há uma certa deficiência na graduação (...) brasileira de filosofia, principalmente em localizações menos favorecidas, com relação ao conhecimento de outras línguas, como o inglês e o francês. Tentamos, então, suprir essa deficiência, ao introduzirmos essas traduções ao público de língua portuguesa, sem nenhuma finalidade comercial e meramente pela glória da filosofia. (shrink)

What, if anything, is the correlation between the specialized or technical ideas of the philosopher and the rest of his existence? His everyday life outside his philosophical role. In the specialized reality and reality constitution, when employing the discourse and discipline of philosophy, the philosopher subscribe to many things in an explicit manner and he employs a number of implicit things and assumptions that are not stated explicitly. These things concern the different branches, areas and domains of the philosophical discourse, (...) for example metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, ontology, cognition, consciousness, mind, perception, thinking, etc. Is there a relation between these technical 'beliefs' of the philosopher and other, not philosophical areas of his existence? Does and can all of his non-philosophical existence reflect his philosophical beliefs, statements and expressions? Is it possible that the everyday existence or life world of the philosopher can resemble, confirm and express his philosophical ideas? If this is not the case, what are the factors that are involved in such discrepancies? Do they imply a lack of integrity, of wholeness of integration on behalf of the philosopher? What are the causes of such an illogical or surprising lack of compatibility or similarity between these sets of two or more facts? What are the things that we can look for in such a lack of compatibility – things such as the following? - inconsistency, difference, disparity, variance, variation, deviation, divergence, -/- disagreement, dissimilarity, dissimilitude, mismatch, lack of similarity, contrariety, contradictoriness, disaccord, discordance, incongruity, -/- lack of congruence, incompatibility, irreconcilability, conflict, opposition? -/- I illustrate the above by means of four examples. 1 Let us assume that the embodied human person consists of both voluntary and involuntary processes and activities. Do the philosophy of an individual reflect or express these activities or is it completely or partially unrelated to them? Do the voluntary processes and activities or the voluntary aspects of perception, cognition, brain processes and other activities resemble or express the philosophy of a thinker? 2 Some thinkers are seriously concerned about the importance of discourse and dialogue and the equality of all those involved. We find their concern about the ideal discourse and dialogue described in their written work and talks, but to what an extend do their own discursive and dialogical actions and behaviour reflect the ideal situation they preach? 3 Ethics and morality can be find in and are emphasized in all sorts of disciplines, of course they are major subjects in providing ways to live off for philosophers and we even find institutions devoted to their teaching and investigation. Do the lives, the lived morality and ethics of those individuals who preach the ideals of ethics or ethical ideals reflect the ideals they preach and that provides them with ways to earn a living? Or, is it the case that morality and ethics are merely faked by those individuals living off their preaching of ethics? And, that they merely employ the values, norms, customs and attitudes of a culture, sub-culture, community, group or another social grouping? In other words are the preachers of ethics really more ethical than the rest of the community and society? 4 When the philosopher expresses his ideas by means of all sorts of philosophical tools he is aware of the fact that he employs them, or at least aware of some of them being intentionally employed by him while he is unaware of others that he employs. Do the tools the philosopher employs to theorize (identify problems, the nature of the questions he asks, the nature of his ways of questioning, the assumptions he makes, the forming and testing of hypotheses, the making of generalizations, etc) or philosophize (perceive things, think, think about things, reason, argumentation etc) resemble what he beliefs, asserts and says about thinking, perception, cognition, understanding, subjects, objects, relationships between subjects and objects and other features and processes of epistemology? In short – does the lived philosophy, ontology, epistemology, ethics etc of the philosopher resemble, represent, confirm, substantiate, back, endorse, support, authenticate and corroborate the ideas, assertions and speculations that are expressed by the statements his philosophy or philosophizing consist of? Does he walk the walk of his talk? Are they similar and identical, the same things and merely expressions of the same things in different mediums? (shrink)

Exploration of INTERSUBJECTIVITY is continued. Different kinds of if are differentiated and signs for its presence and effects are shown. The difference between it, subjectivity and objectivity are explored. Intersubjectivity is crucial and universal for general everyday discourse in all cultures, sub-cultures, institutions, communities and socio-cultural practices such as religion, sport, etc or the so-called Manifest Image. It is essential for specialized areas, for example religion, sport and disciplines such as the humanities, arts, sciences, philosophy and all institutions. It is (...) a necessity for both cultural, social, interpersonal as well as intra-personal existence, emotions, attitudes, values and norms. But, it is not limited to human existence, life-worlds, realities and worlds, but also required for animals and all organisms. Object Oriented Ontology would emphasize that is it not merely something anthropocentric and restricted to human existence and consciousness (and anthropocentric interpretations of and projections on other objects, non-human creatures and all organisms, as well as all objects.. In the case of the latter one would probably replace the notion of intersubjectivity with terms such as energy and other ways of action and interaction for example intra- and inter-atoms.) In the Appendix is included work related to the above by others such as Sellars, Brandom (and his two images, Manifest and Scientific), Davidson, Dennett, Habermas, Nagel, etc. (shrink)

This study focuses on the application of multicriteria decision-making techniques, specifically the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to identify corporate socialresponsibility information which both companies and stakeholders consider relevant and material. This work explains how the AHP methodology was applied in the selection of material indicators in corporate social responsibility reporting, the interpretation of these indicators and their relative importance. The results of this study are summarized in 60 indicators distributed in four areas: environment, economy, corporate governance and social. As this (...) last area contains the greatest number of indicators, it was divided into four sub-areas (human resources, human rights, product responsibility and society). (shrink)

Resumen Si bien los cumplidos han sido examinados extensamente en diferentes idiomas, incluido el español, se ha prestado escasa atención al estudio de variación interdialectal en la realización de cumplidos. Es esto lo que nos interesa analizar en este trabajo al examinar cumplidos en dos variedades del español: español andino y español de Andalucía. Así, el estudio se enmarca en el área de pragmática variacionista. Más específicamente, con base en una muestra de 410 cumplidos que se obtuvieron empleando un cuestionario (...) de construcción de diálogos, analizamos similitudes y diferencias en la percepción de comportamiento apropiado al formular un cumplido entre mujeres universitarias en Quito y Sevilla. Como veremos, en cuanto a estrategias globales, en los dos contextos hay una preferencia clara por formulaciones directas, corroborando los resultados de estudios anteriores. Sin embargo, encontramos algunas diferencias tanto situacionales como socioculturales con respecto a las sub-estrategias empleadas en la realización del acto central. Identificamos también algunas diferencias en el empleo de mecanismos de modificación interna y actos de apoyo encaminados a realzar el cumplido. (shrink)

In Popper's Logik der Forschung, a theoretical system is a set of sentences that describe a particular sub-area of science, in particular of empirical science. The goal of axiomatizing a theoretical system is to specify a small number of "axioms" describing all presuppositions of the sub-area under consideration, so that all other sentences of this system can be derived from them by means of logical or mathematical transformations. The paper discusses two philosophical interpretations of these proper axioms. First, proper axioms (...) stipulate the use of the signs for the basic concepts of the system. Consequently, the proper axioms turn out to be analytic relative to a class of interpretations of the underlying logic. Hence, they cannot be falsified by refuting their logical consequences because these consequences are analytic as well. Secondly, proper axioms are synthetic, falsifiable and uncertain sentences. Hence, they are not immunized against falsification by refuting their logical consequences. (shrink)

English: Effective altruism has focused on moral efficiency, i.e. the ratio of the resources used (money, time ...) to the moral benefit achieved, in addition to the extent of our moral commitment, and has called for the maximum efficiency of moral commitment. This raises two questions, among others, which are the subject of this paper: 1. How does one calculate moral efficiency? 2. Is maximum moral efficiency the right moral decision-making criterion? In the article, efficiency calculations of donations for two (...) charitable projects are presented in detail (question 1): distribution of mosquito nets in malaria areas in sub-Saharan Africa and maintenance of a children's village in Guatemala. The result is that the children's village project is clearly less efficient. Should it therefore be abandoned, although it seems to be a very useful project (question 2)? (shrink)

This is an appendix to the article "Wie effizient sollten Altruisten handeln?" ("How Efficient Should Altruists Act?") The appendix provides detailed moral efficiency calculations for two charitable projects: a children's home in Guatemala for neglected children versus malaria prevention by distributing mosquito nets in malaria areas in sub-Saharan Africa. The exact method of efficiency calculation is explained and applied. At least prima facie, the malaria prophylaxis project is clearly more efficient.

Resumo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar, numa visão panorâmica, trilhas, dentre outras possíveis, que possam percorrer docentes, estudantes e pesquisadores para o estudo e prática do ensino de filosofia com base em sua história recente. Utiliza metodologia descritiva e dedutiva, baseada em revisão bibliográfica e na investigação da legislação sobre o ensino de filosofia. Parte da história contemporânea do ensino de filosofia no Brasil, que principia com a LDB/1996. Devido a forma ambígua e contraditória que o ensino da (...) filosofia aparece nessa Lei isto provocará uma reação dos profissionais da área por sua revisão. O que resultou na retomada dos estudos, publicações, movimentos e congressos nacionais sobre a filosofia e seu ensino. Descreve-se as principais ações e produções que se deram no período de 1996 a 2004. Com destaque para o surgimento do estatuto histórico do ensino de filosofia como campo do conhecimento da Filosofia, isto é, como subárea de pesquisa filosófica, para além da pedagogia. Devido a riqueza dos novos olhares e produções que marcaram esse período percebeu-se o grande potencial da Filosofia para pensar seu próprio ensino. Isso impulsionou diversas frentes de lutas: teóricas, políticas, pedagógicas, que vem até os dias atuais. Palavras-chave: Filosofia do Ensino de Filosofia; História do Ensino de Filosofia–Brasil; Currículo–Filosofia–Disciplina; Legislação– Filosofia–Ensino; LDB–1996–Ensino de Filosofia Genesis and Legacy of the Contemporary History of Philosophy Teaching in Brazil (1996-2004) Abstract: The following article aims to present, in a panoramic view, paths, among other possibilities, that may go through teachers, students, and researchers for the study and practice of the philosophy teaching based on its recent history. This study uses a descriptive and deductive methodology, based on a bibliographical review and investigation of the legislation on philosophy teaching. Part of contemporary history of philosophy teaching in Brazil begins with the LDB/1996. The ambiguous and contradictory way in which the teaching of philosophy appears in this Law, will result in a reaction from professionals in this area for its revision. This resulted in the resumption of studies, publications, movements and national congresses on philosophy and its teaching. The main movements and productions that took place between 1996 and 2004 are described. With emphasis on the advent of historic statute of teaching of Philosophy as a field of Philosophy knowledge, that is, as a sub-area of philosophical research, beyond the Pedagogy field. Due to the richness of new perspectives and scientific productions that marked this period, the great potential of Philosophy to think about its own teaching was perceived. This led several fronts to advocate: theoretical, political, pedagogical, which continues to the present day. Keywords: Philosophy of Philosophy Teaching; History of Philosophy Teaching–Brazil; Curriculum–Philosophy–Discipline; Legislation–Philosophy–Teaching; LDB–1996–Philosophy Teaching Génesis y Legado de la Historia Contemporánea de la Enseñanza de la Filosofía en Brasil (1996-2004) Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar, en una mirada panorámica, los caminos, entre otros posibles, que pueden seguir profesores, estudiantes e investigadores para el estudio y la práctica de la enseñanza de la filosofía a partir de su historia reciente. Utiliza una metodología descriptiva y deductiva, basada en una revisión bibliográfica y en la investigación de la legislación sobre la enseñanza de la filosofía. Parte de la historia contemporánea de la enseñanza de la filosofía en Brasil, que comienza con la LDB/1996. Debido a la forma ambigua y contradictoria en que aparece la enseñanza de la filosofía en esta Ley, esto provocará una reacción de los profesionales del área para su revisión. Esto resultó en la reanudación de estudios, publicaciones, movimientos y congresos nacionales sobre filosofía y su enseñanza. Se describen las principales acciones y producciones que tuvieron lugar entre 1996 y 2004. Con énfasis en el surgimiento del estatus histórico de la enseñanza de la filosofía como campo de conocimiento de la Filosofía, es decir, como subárea de la investigación filosófica, más allá pedagogia. Debido a la riqueza de nuevas miradas y producciones que marcaron este período, se percibió el gran potencial de la Filosofía para pensar su propia enseñanza. Esto impulsó varios frentes de lucha: teórico, político, pedagógico, que llega hasta nuestros días. Palabras clave: Filosofía de la Enseñanza de la Filosofía; Historia de la Enseñanza de la Filosofía–Brasil; Currículo–Filosofía–Disciplina; Legislación–Filosofía–Enseñanza; LDB–1996–Enseñanza de la Filosofía; Data de registro: 23/01/2023 Data de aceite: 23/08/2023. (shrink)

El objetivo del presente trabajo es indagar la naturaleza integradora de la biología evolutiva del desarrollo. En particular analizamos las características temporales de los procesos estudiados por diferentes programas de investigación de evo-devo y las comparamos con aquellas propias de los procesos macroevolutivos, microevolutivos y del desarrollo de los organismos. Encontramos que en los principales programas de investigación de evo-devo se recuperan principalmente características propias de los fenómenos macroevolutivos, mientras que en la sub-área de eco-evo-devo se recuperan principalmente características propias (...) de la microevolución.The aim of this study is to investigate the integrative nature of evolutionary developmental biology. We particularly analyzed the temporal characteristics of the processes studied by different research programs of evo-devo and we compared them with those of macroevolution, microevolution and developmentalprocesses of organisms. We found that in the major research programs of evo-devo, macroevolutionary phenomena characteristics are mainly recovered, while in the sub-area of eco-evo-devo microevolutionary characteristics are mainly recovered. (shrink)

The integration factor can mean, on the one hand, absorption of the sub-municipalities into the amalgamated municipality and, on the other hand, greater autonomy for the sub-municipalities. Complete integration in all policy areas is not possible nor desirable. Integration of centres can only be considered primarily in function of better organised service provision and also in function of supporting typical village life. Economic yields and an administration that is close to the people must be increasinglycoupled in an optimal balance. The (...) increase of developmental opportunities of municipalities must take place more and more via preservation and reinforcement of the viability of the villages. Concerns for local interests must be lifted partially toward a functional integration in the broader amalgamated whole. The national and Flemish regional governments must make more funds available to this end so that the effects of such integration wilt not remain limited to an equalisation policy on the level of a few basic infrastructural elements. (shrink)

This paper analyzes the theory of area developed by Euclid in the Elements and its modern reinterpretation in Hilbert’s influential monograph Foundations of Geometry. Particular attention is bestowed upon the role that two specific principles play in these theories, namely the famous common notion 5 and the geometrical proposition known as De Zolt’s postulate. On the one hand, we argue that an adequate elucidation of how these two principles are conceptually related in the theories of Euclid and Hilbert is highly (...) relevant for a better understanding of the respective geometrical practices. On the other hand, we claim that these conceptual relations unveil interesting issues between the two main contemporary approaches to the study of area of plane rectilinear figures, i.e., the geometrical approach consisting in the geometrical theory of equivalence and the metrical approach based on the notion of measure of area. Finally, in an appendix logical relations among equivalence, comparison and addition of magnitudes are examined schematically in an abstract setting. (shrink)

Los índices bibliométricos están adentrándose de manera progresiva en la realidad de la comunidad académica. Por un lado, conceptos como ranking de publicaciones y cuartiles se emplean en procesos de valoración como las acreditaciones, los sexenios o la concesión de proyectos. Por otro lado, las grandes editoriales están consolidando modelos de difusión de la información que dificultan su acceso para la comunidad investigadora. El objetivo de este artículo consiste en examinar críticamente la combinación que se produce entre la bibliometría, los (...) sistemas imperantes de valoración de la investigación y los modelos editoriales. Este análisis nos lleva a esbozar algunos retos éticos que se plantea para el área de filosofía moral. Bibliometric indices are progressively moving towards the reality of the academic community. On the one hand, concepts like rankings of publications and quartiles are used in evaluation processes, such as accreditations, sexennials or awarding projects. On the other hand, large publishing houses consolidate models to diffuse information which makes the access difficult for the research community. This article aims to critically examine the combination formed by bibliometry, prevailing systems that evaluate research and publishing models. This analysis allowed us to outline some ethical challenges that are considered for the moral philosophy area at different levels. (shrink)

Este trabajo muestra la percepción de la población humana asentada en las siete áreas naturales protegidas federales de Baja California Sur, desde el punto de vista del conocimiento empírico sobre los cambios en el medio ambiente y recursos naturales ante efectos del Cambio Climático (CC). Se recolectaron datos a partir de la aplicación de 250 encuestas cualitativas en 2011. Los resultados muestran que la mayor parte de la población conoce el significado de CC y que los efectos que perciben (...) son reducción en la superficie forestal por cambio en uso de suelos, reducción de la actividad pesquera por cambios en las condiciones del mar, efectos negativos en el hato ganadero y frecuencia e intensidad de huracanes, aumento en sequías, falta de agua y reducción en la actividad ecoturística por cambios en las playas. Estudios han demostrado que la valoración subjetiva de la población humana contribuye a cambios en el comportamiento mediante una estrategia de adaptación y toma de conciencia del ciudadano. (shrink)