Results for 'Akira Utsugi'

408 found
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  1.  37
    The multidimensional nature of hyperspeech: Evidence from Japanese vowel devoicing.Andrew Martin, Akira Utsugi & Reiko Mazuka - 2014 - Cognition 132 (2):216-228.
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  2. Kuno Akira Kyōju kanreki kinen tetsugaku ronbunshū.Akira Kuno, Akihiro Takeichi & Susumu Kaneta (eds.) - 1995 - Tōkyō: Ibunsha.
     
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  3.  10
    Hō to kokka no kiso ni aru mono: Mizunami Akira Kyōju taikan kinen.Akira Mizunami & Yoshiomi Mishima (eds.) - 1989 - Tōkyō: Sōbunsha.
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  4. How are visuospatial working memory, executive functioning, and spatial abilities related? A latent-variable analysis.Akira Miyake, Naomi P. Friedman, David A. Rettinger, Priti Shah & Mary Hegarty - 2001 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130 (4):621.
  5.  77
    Informed consent revisited: Japan and the U.s.Akira Akabayashi & Brian Taylor Slingsby - 2006 - American Journal of Bioethics 6 (1):9 – 14.
    Informed consent, decision-making styles and the role of patient-physician relationships are imperative aspects of clinical medicine worldwide. We present the case of a 74-year-old woman afflicted with advanced liver cancer whose attending physician, per request of the family, did not inform her of her true diagnosis. In our analysis, we explore the differences in informed-consent styles between patients who hold an "independent" and "interdependent" construal of the self and then highlight the possible implications maintained by this position in the context (...)
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  6.  49
    Relational Egalitarianism and Intergenerational Justice: Reply to Sommers.Akira Inoue - 2024 - Res Publica (00):1-7.
    It is often argued that relational egalitarianism has a fundamental problem with intergenerational justice when compared to other theories of justice such as utilitarianism, prioritarianism, and luck egalitarianism. Recently, Timothy Sommers argued that there is no such comparative disadvantage for relational egalitarianism. His argument is quite modest: it merely aims to reject the claim that there could be no way to extend relational egalitarianism to intergenerational justice. This may be called the ‘No Comparative Disadvantage Thesis’. The present article challenges Sommers’s (...)
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  7.  74
    Hyper-active gap filling.Akira Omaki, Ellen F. Lau, Imogen Davidson White, Myles L. Dakan, Aaron Apple & Colin Phillips - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
  8.  31
    Exploring What Is Encoded in Distributional Word Vectors: A Neurobiologically Motivated Analysis.Akira Utsumi - 2020 - Cognitive Science 44 (6):e12844.
    The pervasive use of distributional semantic models or word embeddings for both cognitive modeling and practical application is because of their remarkable ability to represent the meanings of words. However, relatively little effort has been made to explore what types of information are encoded in distributional word vectors. Knowing the internal knowledge embedded in word vectors is important for cognitive modeling using distributional semantic models. Therefore, in this paper, we attempt to identify the knowledge encoded in word vectors by conducting (...)
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  9.  31
    The creation of the Belmont Report and its effect on ethical principles: a historical study.Akira Akabayashi, Eisuke Nakazawa & Hiroyuki Nagai - 2022 - Monash Bioethics Review 40 (2):157-170.
    AbstractThe Belmont Report continues to be held in high regard, and most bioethical analyses conducted in recent years have presumed that it affects United States federal regulations. However, the assessments of the report’s creators are sharply divided. Understanding the historic reputation of this monumental report is thus crucial. We first recount the historical context surrounding the creation of this report. Subsequently, we review the process involved in developing ethical guidelines and describe the report’s features. Additionally, we analyze the effect of (...)
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  10.  22
    Interpretive Diversity Explains Metaphor–Simile Distinction.Akira Utsumi - 2007 - Metaphor and Symbol 22 (4):291-312.
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  11.  70
    The development of a brief and objective method for evaluating moral sensitivity and reasoning in medical students.Akira Akabayashi, Brian T. Slingsby, Ichiro Kai, Tadashi Nishimura & Akiko Yamagishi - 2004 - BMC Medical Ethics 5 (1):1-7.
    BackgroundMost medical schools in Japan have incorporated mandatory courses on medical ethics. To this date, however, there is no established means of evaluating medical ethics education in Japan. This study looks 1) To develop a brief, objective method of evaluation for moral sensitivity and reasoning; 2) To conduct a test battery for the PIT and the DIT on medical students who are either currently in school or who have recently graduated (residents); 3) To investigate changes in moral sensitivity and reasoning (...)
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  12.  63
    Is Asian Bioethics Really the Solution?Akira Akabayashi, Satoshi Kodama & Brian Taylor Slingsby - 2008 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 17 (3):270-272.
    Today Asia is attracting attention in the area of bioethics. In fact, the potential of bioethics is beginning to be discussed seriously at academic centers across Asia. In Japan, this discussion began a decade ago with the publication The book is one of the principal explorations of biomedical ethics involving Japan to date. Tom Beauchamp, an author of one of the book's chapters, compares Japanese and American standards of informed consent and refutes relativistic positions, concluding that.
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  13.  41
    A Global Dialogue on Withholding and Withdrawal of Medical Care: An East Asian Perspective.Akira Akabayashi, Reina Ozeki-Hayashi, Keiichiro Yamamoto & Eisuke Nakazawa - 2019 - American Journal of Bioethics 19 (3):50-52.
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  14.  58
    Biomedical Ethics in Japan: The Second Stage.Akira Akabayashi & Brian T. Slingsby - 2003 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 12 (3):261-264.
    In Japan, modern biomedical ethics emerged in the early 1980s. One of the main triggers was the nationwide debate on organ transplantation and brain death. A lengthy process of academic, religious, and political discussion concerning organ transplantation, lasting well over a few decades, resulted in the enactment of the Organ Transplantation Law in 1997.1 The defining of death and other bioethical issues, including death with dignity and euthanasia, were also stimulating topics throughout the latter end of the twentieth century. For (...)
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  15.  51
    Endangerment of the iPSC stock project in Japan: on the ethics of public funding policies.Akira Akabayashi, Eisuke Nakazawa & Nancy S. Jecker - 2018 - Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (10):700-702.
    We examined the ethical justification for a national policy governing public funding for the induced pluripotent stem cell stock project in Japan and argue that the initiation of the iPSC stock project in 2012, when no clinical trial using iPSC-derived products had yet succeeded, was premature and unethical. Our analysis considers a generally accepted justice criterion and shows it fails to justify public funding of the iPSC stock project. We also raise concerns related to the massive amounts of public funding (...)
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  16.  36
    A Defense of Pluralist Egalitarianism under Severe Uncertainty: Axiomatic Characterization.Akira Inoue & Kaname Miyagishima - 2022 - Wiley: Journal of Political Philosophy 30 (3):370-394.
    Journal of Political Philosophy, Volume 30, Issue 3, Page 370-394, September 2022.
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  17.  22
    Autonomy in Japan: What does it Look Like?Akira Akabayashi & Eisuke Nakazawa - 2022 - Asian Bioethics Review 14 (4):317-336.
    This paper analysed the nature of autonomy, in particular respect for autonomy in medical ethics/bioethics in Japan. We have undertaken a literature survey in Japanese and English and begin with the historical background and explanation of the Japanese wordJiritsu (autonomy). We go on to identify patterns of meaning that researchers use in medical ethics / bioethics discussions in Japan, namely, Beauchamp and Childress’s individual autonomy, relational autonomy, and O’Neill’s principled autonomy as the three major ways that autonomy is understood. We (...)
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  18.  30
    Individual differences in working memory: Introduction to the special section.Akira Miyake - 2001 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130 (2):163.
  19.  93
    An eight-year follow-up national study of medical school and general hospital ethics committees in Japan.Akira Akabayashi, Brian T. Slingsby, Noriko Nagao, Ichiro Kai & Hajime Sato - 2007 - BMC Medical Ethics 8 (1):1-8.
    Background Ethics committees and their system of research protocol peer-review are currently used worldwide. To ensure an international standard for research ethics and safety, however, data is needed on the quality and function of each nation's ethics committees. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and developments of ethics committees established at medical schools and general hospitals in Japan. Methods This study consisted of four national surveys sent twice over a period of eight years to two separate (...)
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  20.  22
    Mathematical Economics.Akira Takayama - 1985 - Cambridge University Press.
    This book provides a systematic exposition of mathematical economics, presenting and surveying existing theories and showing ways in which they can be extended. One of its strongest features is that it emphasises the unifying structure of economic theory in such a way as to provide the reader with the technical tools and methodological approaches necessary for undertaking original research. The author offers explanations and discussion at an accessible and intuitive level providing illustrative examples. He begins the work at an elementary (...)
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  21.  22
    Solitary death and new lifestyles during and after COVID-19: wearable devices and public health ethics.Akira Akabayashi, Alex John London, Keiichiro Yamamoto & Eisuke Nakazawa - 2021 - BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1):1-10.
    BackgroundSolitary death (kodokushi) has recently become recognized as a social issue in Japan. The social isolation of older people leads to death without dignity. With the outbreak of COVID-19, efforts to eliminate solitary death need to be adjusted in line with changes in lifestyle and accompanying changes in social structure. Health monitoring services that utilize wearable devices may contribute to this end. Our goals are to outline how wearable devices might be used to (1) detect emergency situations involving solitary older (...)
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  22.  77
    A Five Year Follow-Up National Study of Ethics Committees in Medical Organizations in Japan.Akira Akabayashi, Brian Taylor Slingsby, Noriko Nagao, Ichiro Kai & Hajime Sato - 2008 - HEC Forum 20 (1):49-60.
    Compared to institutional and area-based ethics committees, little is known about the structure and activities performed by ethics committees at national medical organizations and societies. This five year follow-up study aimed to determine (1) the creation and function of ethics committees at medical organizations in Japan, and (2) their general strategies to deal with ethical problems. The study sample included the member societies of the Japanese Association of Medical Sciences (n=92 in 1998, n=96 in 2003). Instruments consisted of two sections: (...)
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  23.  58
    Reflective equilibrium in practice and model selection: a methodological proposal from a survey experiment on the theories of distributive justice.Akira Inoue, Kazumi Shimizu, Daisuke Udagawa & Yoshiki Wakamatsu - 2024 - Synthese 203 (5):1-31.
    In political philosophy, reflective equilibrium is a standard method used to systematically reconcile intuitive judgments with theoretical principles. In this paper, we propose that survey experiments and a model selection method—i.e., the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)-based model selection method—can be viewed together as a methodological means of satisfying the epistemic desiderata implicit in reflective equilibrium. To show this, we conduct a survey experiment on two theories of distributive justice, prioritarianism and sufficientarianism. Our experimental test case and AIC-based model selection method (...)
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  24.  52
    Can Luck Egalitarianism Serve as a Basis for Distributive Justice? A Critique of Kok-Chor Tan’s Institutional Luck Egalitarianism.Akira Inoue - 2016 - Law and Philosophy 35 (4):391-414.
    This paper examines whether Kok-Chor Tan’s institutional luck egalitarianism is successful as a pluralist luck egalitarian theory of justice and morality. In recent years, pluralist luck egalitarianism has become a salient theory of justice. Tan’s pluralist proposal for institutional luck egalitarianism is attractive because it seems to refute the metaphysical and practical challenges against luck egalitarianism. This paper demonstrates that, although Tan’s institutional luck egalitarianism is indeed a most sophisticated systematic pluralist theory of justice and morality, his argument fails because (...)
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  25.  28
    The Future of Bioethics: International Dialogues.Akira Akabayashi (ed.) - 2014 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    This is the first book to bring West and East together in a broad investigation of contemporary bioethics. A distinguished international team of experts presents original research addressing issues that emerge from new medical technologies, address global challenges arising from social change, and set the agenda for the future.
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  26.  80
    Speech-Induced Suppression for Delayed Auditory Feedback in Adults Who Do and Do Not Stutter.Akira Toyomura, Daiki Miyashiro, Shinya Kuriki & Paul F. Sowman - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
  27.  58
    Computational Exploration of Metaphor Comprehension Processes Using a Semantic Space Model.Akira Utsumi - 2011 - Cognitive Science 35 (2):251-296.
    Recent metaphor research has revealed that metaphor comprehension involves both categorization and comparison processes. This finding has triggered the following central question: Which property determines the choice between these two processes for metaphor comprehension? Three competing views have been proposed to answer this question: the conventionality view (Bowdle & Gentner, 2005), aptness view (Glucksberg & Haught, 2006b), and interpretive diversity view (Utsumi, 2007); these views, respectively, argue that vehicle conventionality, metaphor aptness, and interpretive diversity determine the choice between the categorization (...)
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  28.  67
    (1 other version)Ethics in Developing Economies of Asia.Akira Takahashi - 1997 - Business Ethics Quarterly 7 (3):33-45.
    This essay aims to deepen our comprehension of the economic ethics of different peoples in Asia, as well as realizing a degree of cultural relativism, in order to enhance amicable economic associations. It counterbalances the conventionally strong West-oriented views which regard exotic features of non-Western economies as backward and illogical elements that disturb smooth and orthodox development and, hence, should be eradicated. The author, first, recalls a number of facts which depict the eruptive economic transformation in Asia. He, then, criticizes (...)
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  29.  83
    Luck vs. Capability? Testing Egalitarian Theories.Akira Inoue, Kazumi Shimizu, Daisuke Udagawa & Yoshiki Wakamatsu - 2019 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 10 (4):809-823.
    The issue of distributive justice receives substantial amount of attention in our society. On the one hand, we are sensitive to whether and the extent to which people are responsible for being worse off. On the other hand, we are mindful of society’s worst-off members. There has been a debate over luck egalitarianism, which relates to the former concern, and relational egalitarianism, which echoes the latter. By investigating the psychological processes of these two concerns, this paper examines the reliability of (...)
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  30.  19
    Indirect Categorization as a Process of Predicative Metaphor Comprehension.Akira Utsumi & Maki Sakamoto - 2011 - Metaphor and Symbol 26 (4):299-313.
    In this article, we address the problem of how people understand predicative metaphors such as “The rumor flew through the office,” and argue that predicative metaphors are understood as indirect (or two-stage) categorizations. In the indirect categorization process, the verb (e.g., fly) of a predicative metaphor evokes an intermediate entity, which in turn evokes a metaphoric category of actions or states (e.g., “to spread rapidly and soon disappear”) to be attributed to the target noun (e.g., rumor), rather than directly evoking (...)
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  31.  18
    Socialization Practices Regarding Shame in Japanese Caregiver–Child Interactions.Akira Takada - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  32.  71
    Conflict of interest: a Japanese perspective.Akira Akabayashi, Brian Slingsby & Yoshiyuki Takimoto - 2005 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 14 (3):277-280.
    Until recently, many of Japan's medical and bioethical communities had ignored the issue of conflicts of interest . This is no longer the case. Discussion on the economic and ethical problems defined by CIs is now apparent in academic, political, and even industrial spheres. In June 2004, this debate was sparked by a scandal involving AnGes MG, Inc., a bioventure company set up by a faculty member at Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. AnGes MG developed a gene therapy using (...)
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  33.  23
    Do Moral Foundations Theory and Dyadic Morality Theory Disagree over the Nature of Emotion? (道徳基盤理論と二項道徳理論は情動の本性をめぐって対立しているのか).Akira Ota - 2024 - Kagaku Tetsugaku 56 (2):23-44.
    The two competing camps of theorists in moral psychology share one common view on the disagreement between their theories: moral foundations theory presupposes basic emotion theory, while dyadic morality theory presupposes constructionist theory of emotion. The paper challenges this common view. First, it reviews the four theories. Second, it clarifies the issue about the relation between the moral contents and emotions on which the two camps of moral-psychological theorists dispute. Third, it identifies the explananda for the moral-psychological theories, and examines (...)
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  34.  22
    Rawls’s Efficiency.Akira Inoue - 2024 - Southwest Philosophy Review 40 (1):127-136.
    The purpose of this paper is to show the plausibility of John Rawls’s treatment of efficiency within the system of justice. While in political philosophy efficiency is often treated as an independent condition for establishing justice, or more precisely, as a necessary condition for establishing justice, Rawls considers efficiency as a non-negligible factor that has normativity in general circumstances. This is similar to the view that efficiency is a presumptive condition for evaluating social arrangements. However, Rawls’s view is salient in (...)
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  35.  29
    Bioethics in Japan, 1980-2009: Importation, Development, and the Future.Akira Akabayashi - 2009 - Asian Bioethics Review 1 (3):267-278.
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  36. Psychometric assessment of individual differences in second language reading anxiety for identifying struggling students in classrooms.Akira Hamada & Shuichi Takaki - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Assessing learners’ individual differences helps identify students who need teacher support in classrooms. Previous studies have examined second language achievement based on reading anxiety because reading is an input-based activity essential for successful L2 learning. This study applied a latent rank model to identify L2 learners who are likely to be struggling or successful in classrooms according to their L2 reading anxiety symptoms. Moreover, a psychometric function was developed to determine the cutoff anxiety scores that discriminate against their substantial differences. (...)
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  37.  83
    Can a right of self-ownership be robust?Akira Inoue - 2007 - Law and Philosophy 26 (6):575-587.
    According to a renowned left-libertarian, Michael Otsuka, a libertarian right of self-ownership can be so robust that one need not sacrifice the use of one's mind and body to help others. In this article, I demonstrate that Otsuka's way of reconciling this robust conception of self-ownership with equality is not appealing and, at best, would provide limited guidance in the face of real-life uncertainty.
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  38.  13
    Public Health Ethics Issues Arising in Relation to the COVID-19 Mask Debate in Japan.Akira Akabayashi & Deborah Zion - 2024 - Public Health Ethics 17 (1-2):80-83.
    Debates concerning mask wearing continue in Japan. Here we critically examine the reasons for relaxing these regulations from a public health ethics perspective. We focus on three issues: government responsibility, political motivation, and cultural orientation, also discussing how these issues might have broader application in other parts of the world.
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  39.  52
    The Trolley Problem and the Ethics of Autonomous Vehicles in the Eyes of the Public: Experimental Evidence.Akira Inoue, Kazumi Shimizu, Daisuke Udagawa & Yoshiki Wakamatsu - 2022 - In David Černý, Ryan Jenkins & Tomáš Hříbek (eds.), Autonomous Vehicles Ethics: Beyond the Trolley Problem. Oxford University Press. pp. 80-98.
    The trolley problem is a classic thought experiment that evokes an ethical dilemma. Thomson’s “bystander” and “footbridge” versions of the trolley problem induce different intuitive judgments about what to choose in the ethical dilemma. However, we can question how robust these intuitive judgments are. We thus conducted an online survey experiment of Thomson’s versions of the trolley problem which showed that more respondents tended to choose not pulling the lever in the bystander version and pushing a person off the bridge (...)
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  40.  61
    The Harshness Objection is Not (too) Harsh for Luck Egalitarianism.Akira Inoue - 2022 - Philosophia 50 (5):2571-2583.
    The harshness objection is the most important challenge to luck egalitarianism. Very recently, Andreas Albertsen and Lasse Nielsen provided a scrupulous analysis of the harshness objection and claim that only the inconsistency objection—the objection that luck egalitarianism is incompatible with the ideal of basic moral equality—has real bite. I argue that the relevantly construed incoherence objection is not as strong as Albertsen and Nielsen believe. In doing so, first, I show that the deontological luck egalitarian conception of equal treatment does (...)
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  41.  44
    A Lockean Theory of Climate Justice for Food Security.Akira Inoue - 2023 - The Journal of Ethics 27 (2):151-172.
    This paper argues that the Lockean proviso can be utilized as a relevant principle of justice for food security under global climate change. Since reducing GHG emissions is key to enhancing food security, we suggest a global food security scheme that systematically allots, among all people, access to GHG sinks in food systems impacted by global climate change. For consideration of the scheme, it is important to have a principle of justice. Furthermore, it should incorporate the value of fairness. A (...)
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  42.  57
    Depth and Distance in Berkeley's Theory of Vision.Akira Hara - 2004 - History of Philosophy Quarterly 21 (1):101 - 117.
  43.  68
    The History of Buddhist Nuns in Japan.Akira Hirakawa, Karma Lekshe Tsomo & Junko Miura - 1992 - Buddhist-Christian Studies 12:147.
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  44.  14
    Three Phantasies of Cinema—Reproduction, Mimesis, Annihilation.Akira Mizuta Lippit - 1999 - Paragraph 22 (3):213-227.
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  45.  20
    (1 other version)On an Axiomatic System of the Infinitely Many‐Valued Threshold Predicate Calculi.Akira Nakamura - 1963 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 9 (21):321-329.
  46.  40
    Making the Veil of Ignorance Work: Evidence from Survey Experiments.Akira Inoue, Masahiro Zenkyo & Haruya Sakamoto - 2022 - In Tania Lombrozo, Shaun Nichols & Joshua Knobe (eds.), Oxford Studies in Experimental Philosophy Volume 4. Oxford University Press. pp. 53-80.
    This chapter purports to give empirical feedback on impartial reasoning to justice by using online survey experiments. More precisely, the study focuses on whether and how the different conceptions of the veil of ignorance and John Rawls’s method of reflective equilibrium affect real people’s impartial reasoning to justice. The findings show that, while ordinary people support impartial reasoning to the difference principle (maximin), their endorsement of it echoes neither John Harsanyi’s nor Rawls’s reasoning. The results illuminate that findings in human (...)
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  47.  17
    Autonomy and Poverty.Akira Inoue - 2023 - In Gottfried Schweiger & Clemens Sedmak (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Poverty. Routledge. pp. 329-340.
    In contemporary political philosophy, reflections on poverty demand careful treatment in the light of key ethical concepts—especially autonomy. While the negative effects of poverty on autonomy are acknowledged, the welfare dependency of the poor is seen as an autonomy-undermining factor, which I call the “autonomy–poverty dilemma.” This chapter discusses contemporary political theories about autonomy and poverty in terms of how they relate to this dilemma. The features and problems of three pertinent theories are addressed in such a way as to (...)
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  48. To Martin Gutzwiller on His Seventy-Fifth Birthday.Akira Inomata, Lawrence S. Schulman, Frank Steiner, Dieter Vollhardt & Alwyn van der Merwe - 2001 - Foundations of Physics 31 (4):567-568.
  49.  58
    Contribuciones de la fenomenología de Edith Stein al problema mente-cuerpo: Apuntes para la psicología.Tommy Akira Goto - 2021 - Investigaciones Fenomenológicas 13:65.
    La psicología es una rama científica relativamente nueva y a la que todavía le faltan bases metodológicas consistentes para fundamentar sus investigaciones. Dada su inmadurez, tal ciencia tiene dificultades para delimitar su estatuto ontológico, lo que genera diversos equívocos epistemológicos y metodológicos. Así, se impone una cuestión fundamental para la aclaración del objeto de la psicología: el problema mente-cuerpo. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este artículo, basado en la fenomenología de Edith Stein, es analizar algunos trabajos de la filósofa, (...)
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  50.  24
    The Proper Scope of the All-Subjected Principle.Akira Inoue - forthcoming - Political Studies Review:1-9.
    This article shows that the democratic borders argument is defensible, albeit not in the way Arash Abizadeh proposes. The democratic borders argument depends on the All-Subjected Principle, according to which the exercise of political power is justified only insofar as everyone who is subjected to that power is guaranteed a right to vote. According to the so-called “scope objection,” the scope of the All-Subjected Principle is too broad, however, and therefore, the argument can be refuted by reductio ad absurdum. Here (...)
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