This paper presents a brief discussion on the evolution of macroeconomics and economic policy after Keynes. Particularly, we describe the emergence of a new standard of economic research, after the «stagflation» of the 1970s, which resurrects the confidence in the self-correcting properties of the market economy. It also considers economic policy as a potential obstacle for the economic system in reaching the «natural» equilibrium. Finally, some perspectives for macroeconomics in the aftermath of the Great Recession are discussed.

According to mental model theory, illusory inferences are a class of deductions in which individuals systematically go wrong. Mental model theory explains them invoking the principle of truth, which is a tendency not to represent models that falsify the premises. In this paper we focus on the illusory problems based on conditional sentences. In three experiments, we show that: (a) rather than not representing models that falsify the conditionals, participants have a different understanding of what falsifies a conditional (Experiment I); (...) (b) specifically, participants think that a conditional with an impossible antecedent or consequent is false (Experiment 2); (c) if the domain of the conditionals in the illusory problems are expanded to show that their antecedents and consequents are possible, the participants find it easy to reach the correct conclusions (Experiment 3). According to our results, the illusory inferences based on conditional premises, differently from those based on disjunctive premises, are caused by a difference between the understanding of natural language factual conditionals and the truth table of the factual implication; the principle of truth is not necessary to explain them. (shrink)

Russo, E. A. Consideraciones metodológicas acerca de la teoría del derecho.--Martino, A. A. En torno a la norma fundamental.--Warat, L. A. La función metodológica de la norma fundamental kelseniana.--Russo, E. A. Las fuentes en la aplicación judicial del derecho.--Warat, L. A. Los conceptos normativos en Kelsen y la desmitificación del modelo napoleónico.--Russo, E. A. Derecho subjetivo y derecho objetivo.--Warat, L. A. Interpretación de la ley.--Martino, A. A. Valores: ética y metaética.

Neuromodulatory effects of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) have been extensively studied in chronic pain. A hypothetic mechanism of action would be to prevent or revert the ongoing maladaptive plasticity within the pain matrix. In this review, the authors discuss the mechanisms underlying the development of an abnormal plasticity in patients with chronic pain and the putative mechanisms of NIBS in modulating synaptic plasticity in neuropathic pain conditions.

Sulla base di una dimenticata intuizione di Alberto Grilli, l’articolo si propone di rivendicare, con nuovi argomenti e precisazioni, l’attribuzione a un frammento del Telamo di Ennio delle parole superstitiosi vates inpudentesque harioli (Enn. sc. 319 V.2) che nelle edizioni più recenti delle tragedie enniane vengono invece attribuite a Cicerone, fonte del frammento.

That we can learn something from literature, as cognitivists claim, seems to be a commonplace. However, when one considers matters more deeply, it turns out to be a problematic claim. In this paper, by focusing on general revelatory facts about the world and the human spirit, I hold that the cognitivist claim can be vindicated if one takes it as follows. We do not learn such facts from literature, if by “literature” one means the truth-conditional contents that one may ascribe (...) to textual sentences in their fictional use, i.e., in the use in which one makes believe that things unfold in a certain way. What we improperly call learning from literature amounts to knowing actually true conversational implicatures concerning the above facts as meant by literary authors. So, in one and the same shot, we learn both a general revelatory fact and the fact that such a fact is meant via a true conversational implicature by an author. The author draws that implicature from the different truth-conditional content a sentence possesses when the sentence is interpreted in a fictional context, meant as Kaplan’s (1989) narrow context, i.e., a set of circumstantial parameters (agent, space, time, and world). (shrink)

This paper deals with structures ${\langle{\bf T}, I\rangle}$ in which T is a tree and I is a function assigning each moment a partition of the set of histories passing through it. The function I is called indistinguishability and generalizes the notion of undividedness. Belnap’s choices are particular indistinguishability functions. Structures ${\langle{\bf T}, I\rangle}$ provide a semantics for a language ${\mathcal{L}}$ with tense and modal operators. The first part of the paper investigates the set-theoretical properties of the set of indistinguishability (...) classes, which has a tree structure. The significant relations between this tree and T are established within a general theory of trees. The aim of second part is testing the expressive power of the language ${\mathcal{L}}$ . The natural environment for this kind of investigations is Belnap’s seeing to it that (stit). It will be proved that the hybrid extension of ${\mathcal{L}}$ (with a simultaneity operator) is suitable for expressing stit concepts in a purely temporal language. (shrink)

A Political Life is the compelling autobiography of Norberto Bobbio, one of the foremost political thinkers in postwar Italy. In dramatic and lively prose, Bobbio guides us through some of the most significant events of the twentieth century, charting their influence on his life and work. Born in 1909, Norberto Bobbio's early life was marked by the experience of growing up in Mussolini's Italy - an experience that helped to shape his passionate commitment to the anti-fascist cause. As a result (...) of these early experiences, Bobbio has tirelessly emphasized the fundamental, unassailable importance of democratic rights in the modern state. He has been a voice of reason and moderation in a political context where democratic values have often been threatened by extremes. This masterly autobiography traces the development of Bobbio's political thought, providing a penetrating analysis of the changing political landscape of Italy. At the same time, it represents an intimate account of Bobbio's personal experiences, giving a rare insight into the life and work of this distinguished thinker.A Political Life will be of great interest to students and scholars of social and political theory and of Italian politics, as well as to a general readership interested in political biography and contemporary politics. (shrink)

As proved recently, the satisfaction problem for all prenex formulae in the set-theoretic Bernays-Shönfinkel-Ramsey class is semi-decidable over von Neumann's cumulative hierarchy. Here that semi-decidability result is strengthened into a decidability result for the same collection of formulae.

Papers of the international conference "Franz von Baader: Philosophie und Theologie im Spannungsfeld von Technik, Naturwissenschaft und Geschichte" held Oct. 3-6, 2013 in Dresden.

The fierce debates surrounding the 'emergence' of Muslim communities in Europe ensued in the resurgence of nationalism. The current article introduces an original criticism to the ongoing debates surrounding the return of Europe's national pride. This article suggests that Muslim demands for freedom of religion that were founded in Islamic theological perspectives, have catalyzed the restriction of liberal universalistic perspectives to such freedoms. In this study I present how such demands facilitated the advancement of a newly crafted liberal form of (...) nationalism, best identified in Europe's progressing limitation of the right of freedom of religion in various European nations. (shrink)

In the Tractatus, Wittgenstein seems to appeal to the idea that thoughts manage to explain how sentences, primarily elementary sentences, can be such that their subsentential elements refer to objects. In this respect, he seems indeed to appeal to the claim that thoughts, qua endowed with not only original, but also intrinsic, intentionality, lend this intentionality to names, by transforming them into ‘names-of’, i.e., symbols endowed with intrinsic intentionality as well. Such a claim, however, entails that there must be necessary (...) superfacts. Since according to the Tractatus’ ontology there cannot be necessary facts in the world, but at most only in its logical scaffolding, the most likely chance is that such facts are facts for the limit of the world, i.e., the transcendental subject. Curiously enough, in his later critique, in the Investigations, of mentalist semantics, Wittgenstein fails to appeal to this claim, which can block the infinite regress that he there changes the mentalist position with. Since in the Investigations necessary facts seem to be allowed, this failure is even more striking. (shrink)

Les Cahiers noirs de Martin Heidegger ont suscité des réactions si divergentes qu’il n’est pas illégitime de s’interroger sur la cause de cette plurivocité. Est-il possible qu’une série de textes produise des réactions si discordantes – de la minimisation à l’exaspération, du sarcasme à la caricature, du scandale à l’excommunication? Il est opportun de chercher dans les Cahiers noirs les racines de cette fragmentation. Cet article soutenir la thèse selon laquelle la structure et les contenus mêmes des Cahiers noirs porteraient (...) en eux une sorte de double contrainte entre le dessin antimétaphysique et la « rechute » dans une métaphysique puissance deux : une contradiction interne à la trame des Cahiers noirs, qui produit deux figures de pensée incompatibles entre elles mais qui représente le contenu philosophique le plus précieux de ces textes. (shrink)

El actual discurso social sobre el mal es obsoleto e ineficaz. Vivimos bajo presupuestos cognitivos (parcialmente) fallidos que se resisten a sucumbir porque están en juego necesidades psicológicas unidas a un determinado concepto del ser humano, de Dios (o de lo que se esconde tras esta idea para los ateos) y de la realidad. Este artículo trata de desarrollar un nuevo enfoque del problema-enigma del mal que pone en cuestión diez paradigmas dominantes, planteando la necesidad de reconocer su existencia (en (...) torno al concepto de exceso) como requisito para plantarle cara como única opción moral, la de luchar con todas las armas disponibles, incluido un saber que aspira a relacionar e integrar diversos saberes en torno a un único objetivo: derrotar el mal o al menos intentarlo. (shrink)

During the first centuries of our age, the decadence of the Han government contributed to a society receptive to salvific ideas and in turn, favored the advent of millenialist movements. These organizations, with its values well rotted in Daoist cosmology, would develop a new discourse around the ideas of moral and social responsibility, would install a personified source of authority in the figure of the master and would propose a critical alternative to the prevailing Confucian orthodoxy. In this paper I (...) analyze the role of the Taiping Jing « The Scripture on Great Peace » as the textual source of authority for the aforementioned processes and its importance to unite and institutionalize the Daoist movement to allow it become what some authors would label as «religious Daoism». (shrink)

Dans les pages qui suivent nous examinons comment Descartes discute la thèse d'une pensée permanente, continue et actuelle représentée par les expressions cogito et sum cogitans. Notre enquête concernera seulement l'argumentation mise en oeuvre pour démontrer cette continuité et cette actualité. En reprenant, dans un premier temps, le raisonnement qui conduit à ces expressions, puis en raisonnant sur chacune d'elles, il nous semble que la continuité de la pensée subit une interruption: aussi bien au moment où l'esprit - libéré des (...) opinions douteuses ou trompeuses, ou encore les ayant laissées de côté - accède aux idées vraies que sous l'effet de la succession des idées. Dans les deux cas, nous avons trouvé une espèce de césure qui aurait dû empêcher le philosophe d'écrire « cogito » ou « sum cogitans », c'est-à-dire une forme verbale indiquant une action actuelle et continue. (shrink)

The second volume of companion books on comparative student discipline identifies the best practices in dealing with student misconduct, on six continents, in a legally sound manner.

Al contrario que en Europa, el sentimiento de lo sublime se entiende en América como la armonía entre técnica y naturaleza, primero desde un nuevo romanticismo y, en la actualidad, desde el llamado «tecnorromanticismo», en el que lo sublime se emancipa de las ataduras seculares de la ética, la religión y la política, para ligarse por primera vez a lo cotidiano. El idilio americano se aproxima a la categoría estética de lo sublime analizando la «americanización» de este concepto.

Resumen: El propósito de este artículo es explorar la conexión entre autognosis y autobiografía en Giambattista Vico. El artículo comienza con una explicación del significado de la autognosis filosófica como método de la Ciencia nueva de Vico. Luego, la autognosis política es considerada como un objeto de esa ciencia. Por último, es formulado el problema de la conexión de estas dos formas de autognosis con la Autobiografía de Vico. Palabras clave: Vico, Autognosis como método, Autognosis como objeto, Autobiografía, Porcia. Autognose (...) e periautografia em Giambattista Vico Resumo: O propósito deste artigo é explorar a conexão entre autognose e autobiografia em Giambattista Vico. O artigo começa com uma explicação do significado da autognose filosófica como método da Ciência nova de Vico. Em seguida, a autognose política é considerada como um objeto dessa ciência. Por último, é formulado o problema da conexão dessas duas formas de autognose com a Autobiografia de Vico. Palavras-chave: Vico, Autognose como método, Autognose como objeto, Autobiografia, Porcia. Self-knowledge and periautografía in Giambattista Vico Abstract: The aim of this paper is to explore the connection between self-knowledge and autobiography in Giambattista Vico. The paper begins with an explanation of the meaning of the philosophical self-knowledge as method of Vico’s New science. After that, the political self-knowledge is considered as an object of this science. At last is formulated the problem of the connection between this both kinds of self-knowledge and Vico’s Autobiography. Key words: Vico, Self-knowledge as method, Self-knowledge as object, Autobiography, Porcia. Data de registro: 28/04/2023 Data de aceite: 20/09/2023. (shrink)

Whether it's a question of "human philosophy" or of the Christian understanding of action in a regime of efficacious grace, for Pascal despair is always the effect of an error of appreciation. We overestimate our misery and powerlessness, we make them the whole of our being and our action, and so we consider ourselves only miserable and totally powerless. Despair should therefore be prevented and neutralised when it takes hold of the soul, never advocated or fed. Never - except perhaps (...) in one case, and it is this case that we would like to address in this paper. A case that is all the more paradoxical because it is precisely in its proper place, where it is opportune and necessary, that despair appears difficult if not almost impossible to produce. (shrink)

El 3 de enero de 1889, en Turín, se produjo la primera crisis que callaría a aquel que se llamaba a sí mismo Dionisos o el Crucificado, o ambos a la vez. Ya en Basilea, a Nietzsche se le había diagnosticado "parálisis progresiva". En Jena, los médicos supusieron una infección sifilítica que se remontaba hacia 1866. Paradójicamente, a fines del mismo mes de enero se publicaba El ocaso de los ídolos y en la primavera de ese mismo año, cuando Nietzsche (...) parecía haberse olvidado de todo lo referente a su obra y de sí mismo, se publicaba Nietzsche contra Wagner. (shrink)

A careful observation of the phenomenon of human life allows us to understand that from the beginning of the human life cycle until its destruction, the existence of each subject is deeply marked b...