Reflexiones sobre la danza y la música.--Cuatro lecciones preliminares al arte de la danza.

This article discusses the nature of copyright as a fundamental right. After studying the two faces of copyright, both economic and moral, I analyze whether copyright should be seen as part of the freedom of artistic and scientific creation (article 20.1.b Spanish Constitution) or as part of the general property right (article 33). Finally, I explore the possibility of applying these conclusions to other intellectual property rights (related rights, patents, trademarks, etc.). This discussion is not trivial. The weight of copyright (...) in case of conflict with other rights (such as privacy and freedom of speech) depends on the nature of copyright as a fundamental right or not. (shrink)

Algunos datos biográficos de Menandrode Atenas lo vinculan, en su juventud, conEpicuro y, años después, con Teofrasto,segundo director del Liceo. El artículorastrea, por tanto, las posibles influenciasde estos filósofos en el comediógrafo.Varios aspectos de las comedias deMenandro demuestran cercanía con losplanteamientos éticos de la filosofíaperipatética y epicurea, lo cual permitellamar a su trabajo comedia éticaMenander’s biographical data link him, in his youth, to Epicurus, and years later, to Theophrastus, the second director ofthe Lyceum. This paper traces back thepossible influences of (...) these philosophers on the comic dramatist. Several aspects of Menander’s comedies show close relations with the ethical views of both Peripatetic and Epicurean philosophy andsuch an influence allows us to call Menander’s work Ethical Comedy. (shrink)

Este libro es un homenaje a la trayectoria intelectual y académica de la profesora María Teresa López de la Vieja, Catedrática emérita de la Universidad de Salamanca. En él se trazan algunos de los caminos que, con su obra, nos invita a transitar. El volumen recoge contribuciones de colegas de varias nacionalidades y procedentes de diversos ámbitos de reflexión que le son afines: la filosofía moral y política, la literatura, la teoría de la argumentación, los estudios feministas, las éticas aplicadas, (...) la bioética. Los capítulos que componen este libro dan voz a varias generaciones de investigadoras e investigadores que han acompañado y acompañan su andadura académica y que aquí dialogan con ella haciendo propias sus preocupaciones intelectuales. Con su participación contribuyen al justo reconocimiento de su dedicación a la labor docente e investigadora. (shrink)

BackgroundBiobanking biospecimens and consent are common practice in paediatric research. We need to explore children and young people’s (CYP) knowledge and perspectives around the use of and consent to biobanking. This will ensure meaningful informed consent can be obtained and improve current consent procedures.MethodsWe designed a survey, in co-production with CYP, collecting demographic data, views on biobanking, and consent using three scenarios: 1) prospective consent, 2) deferred consent, and 3) reconsent and assent at age of capacity. The survey was disseminated (...) via the Young Person’s Advisory Group North England (YPAGne) and participating CYP’s secondary schools. Data were analysed using a qualitative thematic approach by three independent reviewers (including CYP) to identify common themes. Data triangulation occurred independently by a fourth reviewer.ResultsOne hundred two CYP completed the survey. Most were between 16–18 years (63.7%, N = 65) and female (66.7%, N = 68). 72.3% had no prior knowledge of biobanking (N = 73).Acceptability of prospective consent for biobanking was high (91.2%, N = 93) with common themes: ‘altruism’, ‘potential benefits outweigh individual risk’, 'frugality', and ‘(in)convenience’.Deferred consent was also deemed acceptable in the large majority (84.3%, N = 86), with common themes: ‘altruism’, ‘body integrity’ and ‘sample frugality’. 76.5% preferred to reconsent when cognitively mature enough to give assent (N = 78), even if parental consent was previously in place. 79.2% wanted to be informed if their biobanked biospecimen is reused (N = 80).ConclusionProspective and deferred consent acceptability for biobanking is high among CYP in the UK. Altruism, frugality, body integrity, and privacy are the most important themes. Clear communication and justification are paramount to obtain consent. Any CYP with capacity should be part of the consenting procedure, if possible. (shrink)

The scope and role of theological bioethics has become a growing controversial topic. For instance, some bioethicists have adopted a strong stance on the meaning of “Christian bioethics,” as not ex...

As is well known, A. C. Haddon visited Torres Straits for the first time in the\nsummer of 1888 with the purpose of studying, as a marine biologist, the fauna\nand the structure and mode of formation of the coral reefs in Torres Straits. There\nbegan Haddon’s ’conversion’ from zoology to anthropology.’ It seems that\nHaddon felt an urgent need to collect ethnographic information on the islanders\nbecause he saw they were changing and diminishing in number very quickly, and\ntherefore their customs were vanishing.\nVery soon after (...) my arrival in the Straits I found that the natives of the\nislands had of late years been greatly reduced in number, and that, with the\nexception of but one or two individuals, none of the white residents knew\nanything about the customs of the natives, and not a single person cared\nabout them personally. When I began to question the natives I discovered\nthat the young men had a very imperfect acquaintance with the old habits\nand beliefs, and that only from the older men was reliable information to be\nobtained. So it was made clear to me that if I neglected to avail myself of the\npresent opportunity of collecting information on the ethnography of the\nislanders, it was extremely probable that that knowledge would never be\ngleaned - for if no one interested himself in the matter meanwhile, it was\nalmost certain that no trustworthy information could be collected in, say, ten years’ time. This being my opinion, I felt it my duty to fill up all the\ntime not actually employed in my zoological researches in anthropological\nstudies. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo se interpretan los sentidos teológicos de los términos bíblicos "carne" y "carnalidad" mostrando su carácter ambivalente que surge de binomios cargados tanto de connotaciones negativas como positivas. Se tratará de mostrar que las primeras parten de una interpretación parcial ..

Fact-checking agencies assess and score the truthfulness of politicians’ claims to foster their electoral accountability. Fact-checking is sometimes presented as a quasi-scientific activity, based on reproducible verification protocols that would guarantee an unbiased assessment. We will study these verification protocols and discuss under which conditions fact-checking could achieve effective reproducibility. Through an analysis of the methodological norms in verification protocols, we will argue that achieving reproducible fact-checking may not help much in rendering politicians accountable. Political fact-checkers do not deliver either (...) reproducibility or accountability today, and there are reasons to think that traditional quality journalism may serve liberal democracies better. (shrink)

En los círculos ortodoxos kantianos suelen disculparse las incoherencias del maestro diciendo que era un “hijo de su tiempo”. Ciertamente, en su época aún se excluía en toda Europa a las mujeres de la ciudadanía activa, privándolas de ser sujetos políticos y, con ello, sujetos éticos, de derecho, e incluso, históricos. Pero también es verdad que en ese momento está emergiendo un movimiento en defensa de la igualdad de género , en el que lamentablemente Kant no participa. En el presente (...) artículo, tras un preámbulo histórico en el que se confronta al Kant crítico con sus predecesores y coetáneos en lo tocante al tema de la igualdad de las mujeres, se defiende la tesis de que la verdadera moralidad no es pensable sin una idea de universalidad real o, lo que viene a ser lo mismo, de igualdad de género, porque solo a partir de ella es pensable la individualidad y la autonomía. (shrink)

Este trabajo trata de elaborar una hipótesis sobre el papel de Leibniz en la formación de las grandes categorías de la filosofía práctica moderna, poniendo de relieve una idea de racionalidad «hermenéutica» o «imperfecta» que, partiendo del concepto leibniziano de perspectivismo, constaría de tres grandes vertientes que aquí se denominan (de acuerdo con el espíritu de la metodología de Leibniz) «principios»: de contingencia, autonomía y tolerancia. Lo que a Leibniz le interesa es asegurar una libertad autodeterminista de cuño rigurosamente moderno, (...) subrayando que el universo de la praxis humana está presidido por el [actum de lo contingente o de «aquello que puede ser de otra manera». Desde su concepto de individuación no se enfatiza la autonomía racional de un yo desencarnado ni mucho menos de un «autómata previsible», sino la consciencia de una subjetividad autodiferenciada que se propone a sí misma hipótesis viables para salvar la coherencia de sus acciones. El espíritu de tolerancia constituye la conclusión ética de las dos premisas anteriores: la idea general de justicia sólo es asequible desde el peculiar punto de vista de la place d'autruy, que viene a constituir el fundamento de aquélla. (shrink)

A primera vista, puede parecer que la obra de Baruch Spinoza tiene poco que ver con los planteos nietzscheanos: nos encontramos frente a un autor abocado centralmente a la Teología, cuya gran tesis ontológica postula una sola sustancia que consta de una infinidad de atributos, estableciéndose de ese modo una identidad entre Dios y Naturaleza que lo ha situado en la tradición como un autor panteístay monádico. Sin embargo, es posible encontrar entre ellos muchísimas similitudes, tanto en su concepción metafísica (...) como en los planteamientos éticos, que para Nietzsche se convierten en estéticos por la reconceptualización que del arte hace este pensador. Tal vez sea posible arriesgar incluso, sin miedo a ir demasiado lejos, que Spinoza constituye el antecedente más cercano al pensamiento nietzscheano. (shrink)

The interpretation of quantum mechanics presented in this paper is inspired by two ideas that are fundamental in Bohr’s writings: indivisibility and complementarity. Further basic assumptions of the proposed interpretation are completeness, universality and conceptual economy. In the interpretation, decoherence plays a fundamental role for the understanding of measurement. A general and precise conception of complementarity is proposed. It is fundamental in this interpretation to make a distinction between ontological reality, constituted by everything that does not depend at all on (...) the collectivity of human beings, nor on their decisions or limitations, nor on their existence, and empirical reality constituted by everything that not being ontological is, however, intersubjective. According to the proposed interpretation, neither the dynamical properties, nor the constitutive properties of microsystems like mass, charge and spin, are ontological. The properties of macroscopic systems and space-time are also considered to belong to empirical reality. The acceptance of the above mentioned conclusion does not imply a total rejection of the notion of ontological reality. In the paper, utilizing the Aristotelian ideas of general cause and potentiality, a relation between ontological reality and empirical reality is proposed. Some glimpses of ontological reality, in the form of what can be said about it, are finally presented. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo, se analiza el modo en que Jean-Luc Marion propone en su fenomenología tomar en cuenta el rostro del prójimo y la carne como mediaciones para pensar a Dios desde lo humano. En primer lugar, el autor se refiere a una cuestión de los “fenómenos saturados”. Luego, analiza el tema del rostro del prójimo como fenómeno saturado. En tercer lugar, expone el tema de la carne, como otro fenómeno saturado. El trabajo finaliza con unas conclusiones que toman (...) en cuenta los espacios del rostro del prójimo y la carne como posibilidades para pensar a Dios desde la encarnación del Logos. (shrink)

Este artículo examina la recepción de la cultura clásica en la prosa de Gabriela Mistral. Frente a la retórica y la idealización academicistas, Mistral busca la Antigüedad viva en los poetas y los pueblos mediterráneos, y reivindica para América la herencia grecolatina del humanismo cristiano This paper examines the reception of Classical culture in Gabriela Mistral's prose writings. Faced with the rhetoric and idealized vision of academicism, Mistral seeks Antiquity living in poets and Mediterranean peoples, and she vindicates for America (...) the Greco-Latin heritage of Christian humanism. (shrink)

Walter Benjamin define la obra de Franz Kafka como una elipse cuyos focos son la experiencia de la tradición mística y la experiencia de la modernidad. En el siguiente ensayo se dilucida esta interpretación de Benjamin y se exploran las correspondencias históricas, sociales e intelectuales existentes entre ambos autores.

El trabajo que presentamos tiene dos objetivos principales: primeramente, conocer las principales características estructurales y funcionales del funduq; en segundo lugar, observar la evolución tanto estructural como funcional que estos espacios sufrieron dentro y fuera del territorio islámico. Para ello utilizaremos la información arqueológica disponible que se complementará con algunos datos provenientes de la documentación escrita. Así conoceremos el funduq clásico, un edificio de planta cuadrada o rectangular, con patio central y uno o varios pisos, dedicados el inferior a cuadras (...) y almacenes y los superiores a alojamiento de los viajeros/mercaderes. De este edificio encontraremos dos variaciones. Por una parte, el fondaco, un espacio arrendado o donado por las autoridades musulmanas a las comunidades cristianas de mercaderes que cumplía con todas las necesidades de estos últimos (religiosas, sociales y económicas). Y por otra, la alhóndiga, una institución con unas funciones específicas de almacenamiento y recogida de impuestos de determinadas mercancías. (shrink)

Growing evidence in recent years has led to an agreement on the importance and benefits that inclusive education has for students with special educational needs (SEN). However, the extension and universalization of an inclusive approach will also be enhanced with more evidence on the benefits that inclusion has for all students, including those without SEN. Based on the existing knowledge that learning interactions among diverse students are a key component of educational inclusion, the aim of this study is to identify (...) the impact on students without SEN of being educated with students with SEN in shared, inclusive, interactive learning environments. Data were collected in three schools using a qualitative approach with a communicative orientation. Semistructured interviews were held with teachers as well as community volunteers participating in the schools. Further, focus groups were conducted with students and teachers. The results show that students without SEN benefit from participating in interactive learning activities with peers with SEN in different ways: (1) they learn to respect others, accept differences, and acknowledge different abilities, thereby creating opportunities for new friendships to develop; (2) they learn about abilities related to helping others participate and learn, to be patient and to gain the satisfaction in helping others learn and behave better; and (3) they benefit from the cognitive effort required to explain themselves and from the contributions of peers with SEN from which they can learn. (shrink)

Due to the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, e-learning suddenly spread to different levels of education, including university. In Spain, students of sports sciences are prepared during a 4-year study program to work in different areas and with different populations. The aims of this study were to assess the effect of pandemic-driven online teaching on self-efficacy for the inclusion of people with disabilities in a group of university students enrolled in a compulsory course on adapted physical activity ; compare (...) the gains from SE before and after the APA course with a sample of students who followed the same course before the pandemic; and explore the influence on SE scores according to three demographic variables: gender, previous SE training, and previous experience with people with disabilities. The study involved a sample of 124 university students, distributed into two groups: prepandemic and pandemic. They voluntarily completed the Spanish version of the Scale of Self-Efficacy of Physical Education Teachers of Physical Education toward Children with Disabilities, obtaining pre- and postcourse measurements. Due to the sudden lockdown, two-thirds of the pandemic course was taught online, and changes in the teaching strategies and tasks had to be made. Similar gains were obtained in both groups for the three subscales of the SE scale : intellectual, physical, and visual disability. No significant differences were found for comparisons between groups and the interaction effect of the course taught, nor for the three demographic co-variables. This study shows that teaching strategies that encourage student participation and reflections on learning increase student SE, regardless of the teaching format. Moreover, the gains in SE are invariable to demographic co-variables. (shrink)

Reseña del libro Analogía y fuerza argumentativa, por Corina Yoris.

La contingencia es para Leibniz, junto con la espontaneidad y la inteligencia, un componente esencial de la definición de la verdadera libertad, que nuestro pensador califica como uno de los problemas filosóficos por excelencia: “la cuestión de saber cómo se puede salir del laberinto, la gran cuestión de lo libre y lo necesario”. Leibniz, en diálogo con sus referentes polémicos diferenciará –siguiendo la herencia agustiniana- entre el “libre albedrío” y la “verdadera libertad” o determinación racional, a la que sitúa en (...) un camino intermedio entre el determinismo absoluto y la indiferencia de equilibrio. La libertad de los seres racionales será para Leibniz la condición sine qua non para entrar a formar parte del el reino de la gracia, un mundo moral dentro del mundo natural en el que impera el bien común. (shrink)

El desván de la razón, cultivo de las pasiones, identidades éticas y sociedades digitales.

Huberto Marraud es un filósofo formado en la lógica formal clásica que publicó sus tres primeros libros a finales del siglo pasado: Sistemas deductivos tipo Gentzen (con P. Navarro, 1988), Teoría de modelos elemental (1990) e Introducción a la teoría de los sistemas deductivos (1998). A partir de 2007, experimentó un cierto giro que le condujo a la lógica informal, con la publicación de Methodus Argumentandi; una introducción a dicha disciplina que trata, entre otros,de sus temas tradicionales: esquemas argumentativos y (...) falacias.¿Es lógic@? es una continuación de dicha obra. En ella el autor profundiza en la lógica informal como herramienta de análisis y evaluación de argumentos, elaborando un manual sucinto e imprescindible de teoría de la argumentación. (shrink)