Background: COVID-19 has taken many lives worldwide and due to this, millions of persons are in grief. When the grief process lasts longer than 6 months, the person is in risk of developing Complicated Grief Disorder. The CGD is related to serious health consequences. To reduce the probability of developing CGD a preventive intervention could be applied. In developing countries like Mexico, the psychological services are scarce, self-applied interventions could provide support to solve this problem and reduce the health impact (...) even after the pandemic has already finished.Aims: To design and implement a self-applied intervention composed of 12 modules focused on the decrease of the risk of developing CGD, and increasing the life quality, and as a secondary objective to reduce the symptomatology of anxiety, depression, and increase of sleep quality. The Intervention Duelo COVID follows the principles of User Experience and is designed according to the needs and desires of a sample of the objective participants, to increase the adherence to the self-applied intervention, considered one of the main weaknesses of online interventions.Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted from the 22nd of December of 2020 to the first of June 2021. The participants will be assigned to an intervention with elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness and Positive Psychology. The control group will be a wait-list condition, that will receive the intervention 1.5–2 months after the pre-measurement were taken. The Power Size Calculation conducted through G*Power indicated the need for a total of 42 participants, which will be divided by 21 participants in each group. The platform will be delivered through responsive design assuring with this that the intervention will adapt to the screen size of cellphones, tablets, and computers.Ethics and Dissemination: The study counts with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, México, and it is registered in Clinical Trials. The article is sent and registered in clinical trials before the recruitment started. The results will be reported in future conferences, scientific publications, and media. (shrink)

Outside Western, predominantly secular‐liberal environments, norms restricting bodily and sexual conduct are widespread. Moralization in the so‐called purity domain has been treated as evidence that some putative violations are victimless. However, respondents themselves disagree: They often report that private yet indecent acts incur self‐harm, or harm to one's family and the wider community—a result which we replicate in Study 1. We then distinguish two cognitive processes that could generate a link between harmfulness and immorality, and recreate them in Studies 2 (...) and 3: Colombian and British participants were randomly assigned to either reflect (decide whether acts are harmful and reconsider their initial moral judgments) or rationalize (decide whether acts are immoral and reconsider their initial harmfulness beliefs). In both countries, reflection promoted opposition to unjust, but not impure, behavior. Additionally, in both countries, ruminating on the moral status of impure acts elevated beliefs in the acts' harmfulness. We conclude by suggesting that rationalization aggravates, while reflection mitigates, intergroup disagreement regarding putative violations of purity and decency. (shrink)

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to analyze the impact that the COVID-19 lockdown had on the amount of physical activity performed by university students.Materials and Methods: A systematic electronic search for studies providing information regarding physical activity levels pre and during COVID-19 pandemic in university students was performed up to 20th October 2020 in the databases Cochrane Library, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. The risk of bias of external validity quality of included studies was assessed by means of those (...) the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The quality of the evidence for main outcomes was graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Results and Conclusions: A total of 10 studies were selected. Physical activity levels were assessed by means of questionnaires and accelerometer. Risk of bias was regarded as low and high in six and four investigations, respectively. The quality of evidence was downgraded to low. A significant reduction of physical activity levels were observed in 9 studies. Compared to pre-lockdown values, five studies showed a reduction of light/mild physical activity between 32.5 and 365.5%, while seven studies revealed a reduction of high/vigorous physical activity between 2.9 and 52.8%. Walking, moderate, vigorous, and total physical activity levels have been reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic confinements in university students of different countries. Despite of the reductions, those who met the current minimum PA recommendations before the lockdown generally met the recommendations also during the confinements. (shrink)

When should we expect compliance with international human rights norms? Previous literature on the causal mechanisms underlying compliance have focused independently on the roles of state willingness, thought of as the preferences of the regime leadership, and on state capacity, in improving human rights practices within a state. We build an argument that neither of these factors are sufficient on their own to improve compliance with human rights norms. Instead, improved human rights practices require both “the will and the way.” (...) Our central hypothesis is that capacities and willingness, acting jointly, are key determinants of improvements in compliance with international human rights norms. The paper confirms this proposition using two-staged and single-stage regression models and a time-series cross-sectional approach at the country-year level. A highly capable bureaucracy and a state that has signaled its willingness through the acceptance of individual complaint and inquiry procedures in the UN treaty regime are jointly necessary for improved human rights practices. (shrink)

Human suffering is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon of special interest for psychotherapy. Psychotherapists deploy various epistemological processes that act as mediators when understanding the human suffering afflicts their clients. However, these issues are scarcely considered by psychotherapists and are rarely addressed in specialized literature. In this sense, and seeking to respond to this problem, this theoretical article aims to analyze the epistemic mediators of the psychotherapist that affect the process of knowledge of the client's human suffering. Three mediators will (...) be analyzed: 1) the general epistemic framework (psychotherapeutic approach of ascription), 2) the specific epistemic framework (personal epistemology of the therapist), and 3) the hegemonic epistemology (positivism) together with its role in the psychopathologization of life, the objectification of suffering and mental health. It is concluded that human suffering is a constant construction phenomenon dependent on the psychotherapist's epistemic mediators, impacting various areas of praxis. Finally, the limitations, implications, and contributions of the issues discussed in the discipline are presented. (shrink)

Las principales disputas que han tenido lugar en el seno del tomismo contemporáneo han estado marcadas por un fuerte criticismo respecto a la escuela tomista dominicana. Las tesis más discutidas pueden sintetizarse en torno a la comprensión del esse y su énfasis en el conjunto de la filosofía del ser. El dominico canadiense Lawrence Dewan quiso contrarrestar este criticismo equilibrando este énfasis sobre el esse haciendo valer el papel de la forma en el pensamiento de Tomás de Aquino. La forma, (...) que es algo divino en las cosas, no es sólo mera potencia receptiva, sino causa del esse y mediadora del acto creador del ente. En este artículo vamos a estudiar detenidamente las ideas principales del tomismo dewaniano a la luz de los aspectos más originales de la enseñanza del Aquinate, desde una perspectiva crítica. (shrink)

RESUMEN Este trabajo pretende relacionar dos debates emparentados sobre cómo la lógica y el lenguaje influyen sobre el pensamiento. Existe un eje de discusión en relación a si hay una pluralidad de lógicas o un único sistema lógico como criterio de evaluación para cualquier contexto de razonamiento. En lingüística, el debate surgido a partir de las interpretaciones fuertes y débiles de la hipótesis Sapir-Whorf ha centralizado la discusión en torno al grado de influencia o determinación del lenguaje sobre el pensamiento. (...) Desde perspectivas y marcos teórico-conceptuales diferentes, lógica y lingüística delimitan y problematizan un campo de indagación y reflexión. El artículo, desde una mirada transdisciplinar, pretende dar cuenta y postular vasos comunicantes entre estos debates atendiendo a los matices de cada enfoque, así como proponer una hipótesis propia sobre la problemática planteada. ABSTRACT This paper aims to relate two debates about how logic and language influence thought. There is an axis of discussion about whether there exists a plurality of logic or a single logical system as an evaluation criterion for any reasoning context. In linguistics, the debate arising from the strong and weak interpretations of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis has centralized the discussion around the degree of influence or determination of language on thought. From different perspectives and theoretical-conceptual frameworks, logic, and linguistics delimit and problematize a field of inquiry and reflection. The article, from a transdisciplinary perspective, intends to account for and postulate communicating vessels between these debates, considering the nuances of each approach. It also seeks to propose its own hypothesis on the problem raised. (shrink)

Resumen: El artículo busca indagar en el vínculo entre las elaboraciones de Wittgenstein y el psicoanálisis. La argumentación se detiene en las propuestas de Wittgenstein acerca de la imposibilidad autorreferencial del lenguaje, los actos éticos y el psicoanálisis. En este contexto, esboza una posible respuesta a las críticas que Wittgenstein dirigió al psicoanálisis, reflexionándolas desde tres nociones que son centrales en la obra de Jacques Lacan: causalidad, ficción y la idea de sujeto. Un segundo tiempo del artículo se propone pensar (...) el vínculo entre ética y subjetividad, desde la temporalidad que introduce en el decir del humano la dinámica pulsional. Abstract: The article seeks to inquire about the link between Wittgenstein's elaborations and psychoanalysis. Reasoning stops at Wittgenstein's proposals on the self-referential impossibility of language, ethical acts and psychoanalysis. In this context, he sketches a possible response to the criticisms that Wittgenstein directed to psychoanalysis, pondering them from three central notions in Jacques Lacan's work: causality, fiction and the idea of ​​subject. In a second time, the article proposes to think about the link between ethics and subjectivity, from the temporality which introduces, in the human perspective, the dynamic drive. (shrink)

El artículo recorre la obra de Rodolfo Kusch posicionando sus principales propuestas en la construcción de tres enfoques convergentes en su filosofía. El primer enfoque está relacionado con la fenomenología y la cultura. El segundo enfoque se refiere a la influencia de la antropología y el cuestionamiento por el símbolo. El tercer enfoque despliega una aproximación filosófico-política. Estos enfoques permiten introducir tres “horizontes de pregunta” principalmente relacionados con el método, con lo popular y con lo indígena, que son expuestos como (...) asuntos centrales en toda su obra. Estos “horizontes de pregunta” buscan comprender los alcances de la filosofía de Kusch y su contribución al pensamiento filosófico americano. This paper analyses the work of Rodolfo Kusch remarking his main philosophical proposals through three correlated perspectives. The first perspective refers to phenomenology and culture. The second focuses on the influence of anthropology and the problem of symbols. The third posits a political-philosophical approximation. These perspectives operate interdependently as the background for Kusch’s philosophy and allow us to introduce three “questioning horizons” related to the method, the popular and the indigenous as the central issues of his philosophical work. Thus, these “questioning horizons” build a platform to understand Kusch’s philosophy and his contribution to the Latin American philosophy. (shrink)

What is the relationship between foreign policy, electoral campaigns, and public opinion? This work analyzes the electoral campaigns in Colombia in 2018 (Iván Duque) and 2022 (Gustavo Petro). The profiles of the candidates and their programmatic agendas are analyzed, identifying the continuity of issues associated with peace, security, borders, and the complex relationship with Venezuela. Despite the above, there was a turn to the left that shows changes in the preferences of Colombian public opinion.

Resumen: El pasado siglo XX ha sido testigo de un renovado interés por los planteamientos de la filosofía aristotélica, en especial de la mano del filósofo alemán Martin Heidegger. Pues bien, junto con esta vuelta al estudio de la filosofía peripatética, ha surgido como en paralelo un nuevo interés por la filosofía del ser de Tomás de Aquino, en particular por su noción de esse ut actus essendi. Esto ha desembocado en diversas líneas de investigación, a veces confrontadas, que han (...) versado sobre todo en la cuestión de la recepción tomasiana de la noción de ente y los aspectos en ella implicados. En este trabajo se procurará dar a conocer algunos aspectos importantes de esta recepción, así como de esas distintas líneas de interpretación confrontadas. Abstract: The past 20th century has witnessed a renewed interest in the approaches of Aristotelian philosophy, especially from the hand of the German philosopher Martin Heidegger. Well, along with this return to the study of peripatetic philosophy, a new interest in the philosophy of being of Thomas Aquinas has emerged as a parallel, particularly in his notion of esse ut actus essendi. This has led to various lines of research, sometimes confronted, which have dealt mainly with the question of the Tomasian reception of the notion of being and the aspects involved in it. In this work we will try to make known some important aspects of this reception, as well as of those different lines of interpretation confronted. (shrink)

Une des difficultés de la philosophie de l’être de Thomas d’Aquin est la multiplicité des sens de la notion d’ esse dans les différents lieux du corpus. En vue de mettre de l’ordre dans le sens et l’origine des formules de Thomas, deux herméneutiques opposées se sont affrontées depuis le milieu du xx e siècle sur sa pensée authentique. Après avoir présenté les arguments des uns et des autres, on aborde la question difficile de l’articulation des aspects immanent et transcendant (...) de l’être au sein de l’entité. (shrink)

The World Health Organization, in its last review of its International Classification of Diseases, established a new classification for chronic pain. Among the principal categories, of particular interest is chronic primary pain as a new type of diagnosis in those cases in which the etiology of the disease is not clear, being termed as chronic primary visceral pain when it is situated in the thorax, abdomen, or pelvis. Due to the novelty of the term, the objective of the systematic review (...) was to examine the psychopathological and neuropsychological disorders associated with chronic primary visceral pain. We carried out a search of the scientific literature following the PRISMA directives using the Pubmed, Medline, PsycInfo and Scopus databases. A total of 33 articles were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis of the studies showed that most persons with chronic primary visceral pain suffer from at least one psychological disorder; the most prevalent being anxiety, depressive or somatoform disorders. The most frequent psychopathological symptoms are anxiety, depression and somatization. Similarly, the findings are insufficient to determine the existence of deficits in the domains of executive functioning, memory and intelligence. However, the existence of attention biases does seem to be clear. This review supposes a starting point for conceptualizing chronic primary visceral pain. It is necessary to continue further research so as to obtain a better understanding of this pathology and the disorders associated. (shrink)

The present study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the Goal orientation Scales in a sample of 2,170 Ecuadorian undergraduate students. The Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the four-factor structure of the GOS, and the scale exhibited an adequate factorial invariance for gender. The multidimensional Rasch analysis revealed that one item showed misfit, and the distribution of items did not correspond well with the levels of achievement goals. The current research addresses a formal gap related to (...) the validation of the GOS in a Latin American country and provides advanced psychometric information to further improve the scale for its application to Spanish-speaking samples. (shrink)

En su obra tardía Lukács investiga las categorías ontológicas materialistas que definen la “esencia genérica humana”. En ella arriba a la categoría de “reflejo”, un proceso cognoscitivo que incluye un movimiento recursivo entre el sujeto y el objeto, actualizado durante el trabajo, que permite al sujeto conocer el mundo objetivo e intervenir en él. El artículo plantea que, en tal movimiento, ocurre una estrategia interpretativa que corresponde con el “círculo de la interpretación” desarrollado por la tradición hermenéutica.

_Resumen_ En una entrevista de la segunda edición de _Crítica de la razón latinoamericana, _Castro-Gómez plantea un debate entre dos técnicas historiográficas que se disputaban legitimidad: Historia de las ideas y Genealogía de las prácticas. Según él mismo, el primer proyecto _nace muerto_, pues se trata de historiar las creencias de América Latina a través de ideas de una élite académica. En adición, asevera que la Genealogía de las prácticas es la historiografía más adecuada, pues ella revela la cosmovisión contingentemente (...) construida de cada grupo humano a partir de experiencias particulares. No obstante, se argumentará que, lejos de ser antitéticas, ambas formas de historiar pueden complementarse. El presente trabajo es el intento de dicha complementación a través de un caso particular: la incursión del marxismo en el Perú. _Palabras clave: _Marxismo, Genealogía de las prácticas, Historia de las ideas, Foucault, Castro-Gomez. (shrink)

RESUMEN Este artículo teje una relación entre el proceso de acumulación de tierras y el despojo en Colombia, para pensar, desde una perspectiva espacial, la relación que se construye con la guerra. El enclave teórico de este artículo sostiene que la colonialidad del poder es también una forma de disociación de la tierra que complejiza la experiencia de la servidumbre. A través de una lectura de pensadores como Marx, Harvey, Castro-Gómez y Mariátegui problematiza la experiencia del despojo de tierras en (...) Colombia y la economía del poder que de allí se desprende. ABSTRACT This paper exposes a relation between the accumulation and dispossession process of land in Colombia as a product of war, from a perspective of space. The theoretical frame of this paper assumes that coloniality of power is a complex form of dissociation of the land, one that transforms the experience of serfdom. Via reading thinkers like Marx, Harvey, Castro-Gómez, and Mariátegui, this paper problematizes the experiences of dispossession of land in Colombia and the economy of power that it engenders. (shrink)

The article addresses the relationship between modernity and coloniality in the field of colonial theories, both postcolonial and decolonial, emphasizing the problems of representation and putting in the foreground the problem of not having a language suitable to express the tensions that the same relationship produces. For this, it discuss the crossroads of the coloniality and modernity, present in representative authors of these theories, and it assumes such a crossroads as a cultural and theoretical arena. From there, a reading exercise (...) is proposed, as an example, in texts by Joseph Conrad and Frantz Fanon. Finally, the article discusses some nuances of the problem of representation that could affect our understanding of the processes of subjectivity, their histories and the morphologies of our knowledge. (shrink)

This essay is about the emancipatory potential of the protest song A Rapist in Your Path The theoretical assumptions for this analysis are a listening’s esthetical-political set up from the philosophy of Jacques Rancière and the structure of patriarchal-colonial-modernity of Rita Laura Segato in the form of census, guardianship, ownership and proscription of the voices of the being a woman. What is postulated is that this song-performance is the bursting into a heteronormative world of a singular oneself position through the (...) voice with the aim of inaugurate a new form of community making. What is to be emphasized is that this song sets in motion a stasis against the rape’s order and thus transgresses disciplinary notions and attitudes that prescribe the ontic annihilation of dissenting voices. (shrink)

We study the quantifier complexity and the relative strength of some fragments of arithmetic axiomatized by induction and minimization schemes for Δn+1 formulas.

This paper makes the claim that the overall structure of Plato’s Laws follows the principle of indirect access to the knowledge of human soul, which consists in the understanding that a philosophical approach to the soul is only possible initially through an image of it. The structure of the Laws can be interpreted as a movement towards the soul’s interior, beginning with the famous image of the puppet. According to this image, the movement opens with the analysis of the non-rational (...) elements of the soul, which are capable of an harmonic relation with the rational element, and advances bit to bit to the rational or epistemic element. The political necessity of undertaking the dialectical investigation in order to attain a philosophical knowledge of the human soul and its specific excellence appears only at the end of the dialogue. In this way, the structure of the Laws dramatizes the progressive birth of philosophy, conceived as the dialectical investigation of the unity of virtue, starting from the initial understanding of the human soul contained in the myth of the puppet. (shrink)

The modern obsession with safety (which ranges from extreme fear of germs to xenophobia) ends in isolation. In this paper, we explore what is behind of this concern with safety, the metaphors that surround it (which come from immunology), and a way to escape from fear using the Deleuzian idea of nomadic ethics as a point of departure. From a contemporary perspective of how immune systems work, we rethink the metaphors used to describe it: as far as new characterizations of (...) immunity arise, there is a need to approach a notion of non-defensive, non-reactive answers to the ever-changing demands of a world in motion, of becoming. It implies rethinking alterity, the need to embrace it instead of avoiding it, and the need to understand its importance, the way in which it makes us humans. We will argue that nomadic ethics require a nomadic epistemology, an acknowledgement that a full understanding and control of reality may be beyond our reach, and therefore an acceptance of partial, tentative, and diverse forms of knowledge. (shrink)

This paper addresses the recent challenges faced by universities in teaching, research and outreach. A hermeneutical standpoint is proposed to perform a political analysis of emotions with the aim of revealing how pathological behaviors emerge in academic communities dealing with extreme social pressures. The discussion is developed in two parts: first, the concept of paranoia is characterized; second, appealing to the concept of psychological potentials, the institutional conditions in which paranoia emerges are discussed. The main conclusion of the article is (...) that in conditions of competition and hierarchy, human beings experience negative emotions and a diminished potential for capabilities development. (shrink)

_ This scholarly article explores the phenomenon of ocean acidification and its detrimental effects on marine ecosystems and biodiversity. It delves into the underlying causes, current trends, and potential future consequences of increasing acidity in the world's oceans. The article also discusses the impact on various marine organisms and ecosystems, emphasizing the urgent need for global awareness and concerted efforts to address this pressing environmental issue._.

El artículo busca profundizar en las elaboraciones de Freud respecto de la agresividad y la inconvertibilidad de la violencia, con el objeto de indagar en los posibles aportes que la perspectiva psicoanalítica puede realizar frente a los problemas sociopolíticos contemporáneos. Este trabajo se detiene en las problemáticas referidas a la naturalización de las identidades, la radicalización de las retóricas comunitarias y los escenarios de exclusión. Sostiene, en este sentido, la importancia de los procesos sublimatorios en el trabajo de diferimiento frente (...) al empuje pulsional. (shrink)

Se busca rastrear la imagen que Platón tiene de Heráclito y articularla con la estructura argumentativa del Cratilo, para comprender las necesidades textuales a las que responde la doctrina del flujo perpetuo, es decir, la discusión sobre la corrección (ὀρθότης) del nombre. Gracias a la inclusión del testimonio heraclíteo, resulta posible rastrear la presunta consolidación de la tesis sobre los nombres primarios y los secundarios como el eje de la separación entre dos planos de realidad (uno estable y uno móvil) (...) y de la teoría de las Ideas -es decir, como la base de la epistemología platónica presente en los diálogos de madurez-. The article seeks to trace the image Plato has of Heraclitus and connect it with the argumentative structure of the Cratylus in order to understand the textual needs that give rise to the doctrine of perpetual flux, that is, the discussion regarding the correctness (ὀρθότης) of names. The inclusion of Heraclitus's testimony makes it possible to trace the alleged consolidation of the thesis regarding primary and secondary names as the axis of separation between two levels of reality (one stable, the other, changing) and the theory of Ideas -that is, as the basis of Plato's epistemology as set forth in the late dialogues-. (shrink)

Algumas abordagens antirrepresentacionalistas da cognição têm se tornado cada vez mais populares, e muitos de seus defensores as veem como promissoras de um novo paradigma para a ciência cognitiva. Neste manuscrito, concentro-me em duas dessas abordagens para argumentar que elas não contêm uma explicação adequada das ilusões perceptuais - e que talvez não possam fornecê-la. Minha alegação é que, sem um tratamento adequado de um fenômeno perceptual tão comum, elas dificilmente podem ser vistas como parte de um novo paradigma. Começo (...) descrevendo o contexto em que essas abordagens surgiram e se desenvolveram e, na segunda parte, apresento três tratamentos de ilusões perceptuais provenientes das abordagens em questão. A terceira parte faz um desvio sobre a noção de ilusão perceptual, já que a avaliação dessas explicações das ilusões parece exigir isso. Em seguida, a quarta parte é dedicada à avaliação dessas explicações das ilusões, discutindo a introdução da linguagem normativa, o apelo a noções como propriedade “dependente da situação” e se uma definição proposta de ilusão se ajusta à nossa compreensão atual delas, bem como a rejeição de inferências de comportamento inadequado que parecem abdutivamente legítimas. Argumento que esses relatos de ilusões perceptuais não atingem seu objetivo. Traduzido com a versão gratuita do tradutor - DeepL.com. (shrink)