Ethical review systems need to build on their experiences of COVID-19 research to enhance their preparedness for future pandemics. Recommendations from representatives from over twenty countries include: improving relationships across the research ecosystem; demonstrating willingness to reform and adapt systems and processes; and making the case robustly for better resourcing.

In the logic of theory change, the standard model is AGM, proposed by Alchourrón et al. (J Symb Log 50:510–530, 1985 ). This paper focuses on the extension of AGM that accounts for contractions of a theory by a set of sentences instead of only by a single sentence. Hansson (Theoria 55:114–132, 1989 ), Fuhrmann and Hansson (J Logic Lang Inf 3:39–74, 1994 ) generalized Partial Meet Contraction to the case of contractions by (possibly non-singleton) sets of sentences. In this (...) paper we present the possible worlds semantics for partial meet multiple contractions. (shrink)

In this paper, we propose and axiomatically characterize residual contractions, a new kind of contraction operators for belief bases. We establish that the class of partial meet contractions is a strict subclass of the class of residual contractions. We identify an extra condition that may be added to the definition of residual contractions, which is such that the class of residual contractions that satisfy it coincides with the class of partial meet contractions. We investigate the interrelations in the sense of (...) inclusion among the class of residual contractions and other classes of well known contraction operators for belief bases. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Buddhist-Christian Studies 24.1 (2004) 278-283 [Access article in PDF] The Voice of God on Mount Sinai. Rabbinic Commentaries on Exodus 20:1 In Light of Sufi and Zen-Buddhist Texts. By Reinhard Neudecker. Rome: Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 2002. 157 pp. Reinhard Neudecker's study of the central event of the first five books of the Bible, namely the revelation of God on Mount Sinai to Moses and the Israelites, is an important (...) contribution to interfaith studies that should be of interest to both the scholar and layperson alike. The clarity of purpose and treatment makes this study very accessible; each chapter is thoughtfully structured, with rich footnotes that provide documentation, further explanation, and information. The appendixes contain the relevant rabbinic texts in the original Hebrew; indices of terms, subjects, and Bible citations; as well as a helpful list of consulted works.The stated purpose of the study is to shed light on enigmatic rabbinical interpretations of Exodus 20:1, the verse that introduces the TenWords (commandments) [End Page 278] that form the basis of the complete Torah by taking into consideration analogous passages from the Sufi and Zen Buddhist traditions. In explaining his methodology, the author makes three important distinctions. First, Neudecker is "not dealing with Judaism, Islam and Zen Buddhism as such, but with the views and experiences of some rabbinic Jews, some Sufi Muslims and some Zen Buddhists" (p. x). Second, the chosen texts are offered for their spiritual and mystical insight, not for their historical context or content, because "the mystic has learned to convert the great events recorded by tradition into symbols which express the ongoing inner revelation to which he has been exposed" (p. 6). Because spiritual and mystical writers generally refrain from explaining deep experiences openly (especially because of the impossibility of putting them into words), the author refrains from adding his own interpretations and instead invites the reader to a meditative encounter with the texts. Third, the author does not intend to offer simple parallels or to readily claim correspondences between the rabbinic, Sufi, and Zen texts, but leaves it up to the reader to judge what the "different traditions may have in common and to what degree and where one tradition may go a step further than the others (p. 11, n. 30). His main purpose, as stated above, is to understand the rabbinic comments better by using the method of "intercultural reading" in drawing upon Sufi and Zen Buddhist texts.After the introductory chapter, which offers the methodological considerations and basic information about the Rabbinic sources and Buddhist terminology, the author presents Exod. 20:1 in its rabbinic translation: "And God spoke all these words to say." This short verse has become the stumbling block for the rabbinic interpreter, just as much as a Zen koan becomes a stumbling block for the Zen student or an obscure verse in the Koran for the Sufi. What these stumbling blocks have in common is that they open up a new way of nondiscursive understanding of the text that leads to profound insights and a deep spiritual experience.Chapters 4-9 of the book are devoted to unraveling the mysteries of these insights. The reader is drawn into an engaging process that opens up layer upon layer of meaning, comparable to the peeling of an onion. A short exposition of the themes of each chapter as introduction to the texts proves very helpful for orientation in this process. Chapter 4 addresses the question of how the people at Sinai heard the Ten Words. The rabbis differ on whether the people heard all of the commandments or only the first two of them, but the important point of comparison is the enigmatic statement that God pronounced all the Ten Words, including the entire Torah, "in one single sound, as the (human) mouth cannot speak and the (human) ear cannot hear" (p. 35). This statement implies that God's revelation exceeds the limits of human speaking and hearing, and that God communicates in... (shrink)

Formative intervention methodologies, such as the Change Laboratory, are increasingly being used in work environments. However, the learning process entailed in the application of these methodologies has received insufficient attention and may be facilitated through the use of learning platforms. We examined the development of learning and training strategies for implementing formative interventions, drawing on the experiences of a research group focusing on workers’ health. Information obtained from individuals involved in CL formative activities was analyzed and interpreted using Cultural-Historical Activity (...) Theory and the theory of expansive learning. The process of learning to implement formative interventions unfolded gradually, beginning with the interventionists’ initial exposure to abstract concepts that they subsequently internalized via various mediations and applied in concrete situations. Four key interventionist training strategies used to foster collective learning were identified: promoting dialogues and exchange of experiences, creating environments for continuous learning and permanent discussion, creating spaces for experimentation and the practical application of concepts, and the use of the double stimulation method during training programs. (shrink)

Introduction -- Overview of ethical thought -- Historical and theoretical rising of human rights and their international codification and protection -- Ethics of recognition -- Human dignity principle -- Other principles -- A changed and changing legal landscape -- Answering some questions -- Conclusion.

O artigo examina a afirmação, feita por Heidegger em Ser e tempo, segundo a qual o nascimento de um existente humano é um outro fim para o Dasein. A afirmação é analisada a partir do conceito de possibilidade existencial. Assim como a morte é interpretada existencialmente, também o nascimento ganha uma análise em termos de possibilidade. Na medida em que a possibilidade existencial é definida pela instauração de ser, e a finitude do ser-para-a-morte qualifica a morte existencial como um fim (...) , o mesmo pode ser dito do nascimento. Ou seja, o nascimento é um fim, no sentido de que determina a qualificação finita do estar em possibilidades. Natalidade e mortalidade não são apenas características de um ente vivo, mas qualificações superiores da possibilidade existencial.The paper examines Heidegger's statement in Being and Time, according to with the birth of a human existent is another end to Dasein. The statement should be analized through the concept of possibility. In the same way that death is existential interpretaded, so becomes birth an analysis by the notion of possibility. In the extent that existential possibility is definid by instauration of being, and the finitude of Sein-zum-Tode qualifies existential death as an end , the same can also be held of birth. That is, birth is an end in the sense of the finite qualifying of being thrown into possibilities. Natality and mortality are not only marks of a living being, but higher qualifications of existential possibility. (shrink)

Tão aberto como um sonho, este artigo de teor ensaístico aborda alguns estudos em filosofia e psicologia que tratam sobre a interpretação e a função social do sonho, aproximando escrita e educação. Essa educação sensível torna-se crítica e artística ao lidar com evocações de imagens e sensações do inconsciente individual e do coletivo. Pelo diapasão da Filosofia da Diferença, traçamos proposições a pensar pelo ritmo do sonho, sentir suas ressonâncias sociais e para a elaboração da escrita em educação. Aulas-sonho, sonhografias (...) e não lugares emergem do inconsciente em imagens a-traduzir, isto é, do que está para ser traduzido diante da linguagem. Nesse revezamento entre o corpo, o real e o sonho, dimensionamos alguns apontamentos acerca do feminino e do trauma como disparadores sociais para problematizarmos esses afetos ao corpo do docente que pensa e sonha empiricamente, diante do real da educação. Nesse arquivo de uma educação latente, e, a partir dessa abordagem em labor de sonho, uma poética é traduzida. Assim como os quadros oníricos alimentam a realidade, a realidade alimenta nossos pensamentos, sonhos, valorações e interpretações da vida. A proposta da escrita que sonha é maneira de uma prática de si transindividual, por isso educativa e filosófica. Operacionalizando o pensar pela interpretação de sonhos, mas dela perspectivando um método de sonhar a escrita, apresentamos propostas de exercícios sonhográficos para este jogo de pensamento, que não é apenas da memória descritiva, mas da evocação de signos pré-linguagem. Tais signos traduzem a sonhografia como prática de si. O desejo docente não é uma falta, mas vontade de poesia didática que opera nos currículos ao afirmar a aula-sonho como potência de pensamento. Palavras-chave: Sonho. Educação. Escrita. Educação da Diferença. (shrink)

Trata-se de uma tentativa de atualização das premissas da teoria da identidade narrativa de Paul Ricoeur diante do desafio lançado pelo presentismo tal como concebido por François Hartog. Nessa direção, em um primeiro momento serão apresentados elementos que enfatizam a presença da influência da teoria agostiniana do tríplice presente na noção ricoeuriana de experiência viva bem como na teoria da história de Reinhart Koselleck e no existencialismo sartreano. Em um segundo momento, será avaliada a possibilidade de equacionar a experiência viva (...) do tríplice presente e a teoria da identidade narrativa. No terceiro momento, serão apresentadas algumas pistas para um novo modelo de identidade narrativa em sintonia com os desafios lançados pelo presentismo. (shrink)

“Ex nihilo nihil fit” é uma máxima da metafísica e da teologia medievais que, digamos, tinha como finalidade ajudar na organização do inventário de uma herança cultural cujas bases não eram compatíveis com aquelas do pensamento cristão no qual o universo é Criação de um Criador. A ideia de que “do nada, nada vem” pode ser talvez identificada como a ideia central do novo livro do professor Ronai Rocha, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, intitulado Escola partida: ética e política (...) na sala de aula. (shrink)

A escalada vertiginosa da atividade económica global, acompanhada do crescente desenvolvimento tecnológico, ameaça gravemente o equilíbrio ecológico do nosso planeta, pelo que urge alterar o paradigma de prosperidade até agora vigente. Torna-se necessário adotar uma nova ética ambiental. Trata-se do que designamos pela ética do ‘cuidado’, na qual não está em causa apenas a preocupação pela continuidade da espécie humana, que nos manteria numa visão antropocentrista, mas também o valor intrínseco da natureza. Há que superar o esquema ‘sujeito-objeto’, e isso (...) faz-se quando o homem se vê como ‘ser-no-mundo’, como elemento constitutivo deste. Uma prosperidade sustentável implicará a alteração do paradigma da velha economia baseada no crescimento incessante e desenfreado, movida pela inovação e pela ânsia de ascensão social com base na posse de bens materiais. Os recursos limitados e a impossibilidade de absorção, por parte do planeta, dos efeitos nocivos do crescimento, obrigam-nos a refrear este crescimento selvagem com vista a assegurarmos o futuro da humanidade. (shrink)

ABSTRACTAmong the most forceful and provocative criticisms that have been leveled at US drone strikes against alleged terrorists far from conventional battlefields has been Jeremy Waldron's charge that they cannot be justified in terms of a neutral principle that most reasonable people would accept. In essence, Waldron asks ‘whether we are comfortable with [such a norm] in the hands of our enemies’. He thinks most people will say ‘no’ and that this is a reason not to embrace a permissive norm (...) in the first place. We will argue that a key assumption in Waldron's argument is highly contestable, and that if it is challenged, the whole argument can be turned inside out to provide support for a limited drone program aimed at terrorist leaders. In essence, if the suspected terrorists who are the targets of drone strikes are understood to be combatants rather than civilians, as the US government has forcefully argued that they should be, then the norm permitting strikes against them is the humanitarian principle.. (shrink)

Nosso propósito é tematizar um possível vínculo entre a natureza e a sociedade a partir da análise do sentimento espontâneo de piedade ou comiseração.

O artigo propõe a reflexão sobre um aspecto típico das teorias morais do século XVIII:sua indissociabilidade de uma teoria social.A partir do exemplo de três pensadores - B.de Mandeville,J.J.Rousseau e A.Smith - procura-se mostrar como se entrelaçam numa reflexão sobre a sociabilidade,através do meio-termo da sensibilidade.  .

Las universidades son reconocidas como espacios de generación y gestión del conocimiento para la innovación y mejora de los entornos productivos y de la vida social. Con la pandemia de Covid-19 las universidades han sido puestas a prueba, tanto para la resolución de la crisis sanitaria como para la organización pedagógica en el contexto digital. A partir de un análisis crítico dialético, de orden filosófico expeculativo, el artículo tiene como objetivo identificar categorías de gestión del conocimiento en las universidades. Los (...) resultados evidencian los elementos de organización institucional comunes a los entornos universitarios que favorecen la adaptación a escenarios complejos. (shrink)

Resumo Apresentaremos neste artigo uma breve discussão acerca das influências do comunitarismo cristão na vida social e política brasileira. Trata-se de um ensaio exploratório. O objetivo é uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema. A partir daquilo que foi possível selecionar, tentamos elaborar algumas ideias, no sentido de apresentar, mesmo que sucintamente, tópicos que podem indicar a importância do comunitarismo cristão, tradição forte e influente não somente nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, mas que, sobretudo no atual contexto político, ainda desempenha (...) um papel central na sociedade brasileira. Recorte especial é a análise sobre as influências do comunitarismo nas ações da Igreja Católica, no Brasil. Assim, a Teologia da Libertação e as Comunidades Eclesiais de Base (CEBs) derivariam do pensamento comunitarista. Por fim, o comunitarismo cristão é apresentado como uma reação ao neoliberalismo, por priorizar "o valor inelutável da dignidade e da transcendência humana e uma resistência insuperável a deixar engolfar o destino humano em uma lógica mercantil, de individualismo possessivo. Essa tradição, em grande medida identificada com as posições hoje encarnadas pela CNBB, é responsável por vastas experiências de solidariedade entre os pobres e oprimidos brasileiros". Palavras-chave: Comunitarismo cristão; Igreja Católica; Ação social; Política; Movimentos sociais.This article discusses briefly the influences of Christian Communitarianism on Brazilian social and political life. It is an exploratory essay aimed at a bibliographical review of the subject. Based on what was possible to select, we tried to elaborate some ideas to present topics that may indicate the importance of Christian Communitarianism, a strong and influent tradition, not only in the 1960s and 1970s, but especially in the current political context, still playing a central role in Brazilian society. A special point is the analysis of the influences of Communitarianism on actions of the Catholic Church in Brazil. Thus, the Theology of Liberation and the Base Ecclesial Communities (BECs) could have derived from the communitarian thought. Finally, Christian Communitarianism is presented as a reaction against neoliberalism, as it gives priority to "the inestimable value of human dignity and transcendence and an insuperable resistance to let human destiny be engulfed by a mercantile logic of possessive individualism. This tradition, largely identified with the positions assumed by CNBB, is responsible for vast experiences of solidarity between the Brazilian poor and oppressed". Key words: Christian Communitarianism; Catholic Church; Social action; Politics; Social movements. (shrink)

BackgroundNational Ethics Committees (NECs) offer important oversight and guidance functions and facilitate public debate on bioethical issues. In an increasingly globalized world where technological advances, multi-national research collaborations, and pandemics are creating ethical dilemmas that transcend national borders, coordination and the joining of efforts among NECs are key. The purpose of this study is to take stock of the current NEC landscape, their varying roles and missions, and the range of bioethical topics on which they deliberated since their inception.MethodsData on (...) the availability, functions, and ethical deliberations (publications) of NECs globally were gathered through a systematic search of NEC websites and through contacts known to the authors. The search was conducted in English, French, and Spanish. The data abstraction was done in Excel and included the NEC’s country, region, functions, and deliberations on bioethical issues. Deliberation topics were classified into thematic categories through an iterative process of regrouping to arrive at the main set of themes.Results124 NECs in 100 countries were identified. 44% of the NECs are in Europe and 47% are in high-income countries. Out of the 1108 retrieved publications, 40% were on bioethics in the context of research, followed by the clinic (28%) and public health issues (22%). The top five topics of these publications were: research ethics (124; 9%), genetics and genomics (62; 6%), organ transplantation (58; 5%), assisted reproductive technology (49; 4%), and end of life (36; 3%).ConclusionOur study makes an important contribution to understanding the current interests and functions of NECs and the range of their bioethics deliberations. By making the data publicly available through this publication, it allows users to conduct tailored analyses and queries based on their interests, and to seek and strengthen collaboration and exchange. It also makes the case for the fruitfulness of developing and maintaining a global repository of current and new deliberations to more effectively advance this field for the greater good of humanity, research, and public health. (shrink)

Le texte montre comment les questions d’effondrement viennent à s’imposer dans les trajectoires professionnelles et personnelles, même si le fonctionnement des sciences sociales et de l’université sont plutôt des obstacles à sa prise en compte. Des perspectives se dégagent – au-delà du redéploiement des questions de recherche autour des mouvements souhaitant conjurer l’effondrement, elles oscillent entre un pessimisme non résigné, attentif à des questions de relocalisation, et l’implication directe dans de nouveaux mouvements écologistes.

Trata-se de um estudo comparativo entre as ideias do filósofo Paul Ricoeur (1913 – 2005) e do romancista Milan Kundera (1929-) sobre as experiências do tempo e da memória. Parte-se de uma comparação inicial das ideias de ambos os pensadores acerca dos temas da ipseidade, da História e da experiência do tempo. Em um segundo momento, o pensamento de ambos os autores é colocado em confrontação crítica, em especial no que concerne aos seus respectivos entendimentos sobre a natureza da experiência (...) humana do tempo e os limites da memória. Em seguida, passa-se ao exame das ideias e hipóteses de Kundera sob a luz da hermenêutica filosófica de Ricoeur, com o intento de mostrar que essa é onde essa hermenêutica é mais intensamente desafiada que melhor mostra suas valências filosóficas. Em um último momento, pretende-se mostrar que dessa confrontação crítica resultam interessantes convergências por meio das quais ambos os pensadores oferecem perspectivas similares e complementares para fins do cultivo de uma memória feliz e de uma experiência viva do tempo. (shrink)

Trata-se de traçar uma aproximação comparativa entre dois autores oriundos de campos distintos do saber e da cultura e visualizar a mútua contribuição decorrente dessa aproximação, a saber, entre a filosofia de Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005) e o romance de Milan Kundera (1929-). Na medida em que tanto a filosofia de Ricoeur quanto a prosa ficcional de Kundera refletem sobre a constituição da subjetividade na modernidade, a presente contribuição visa estabelecer paralelos entre suas concepções de subjetividade e suas reflexões sobre os (...) destinos da prática da narração ficcional na virada do século. Tendo isso em vista, pretendo realizar uma interpretação comparativa entre as teses de Ricoeur, especialmente apresentadas em Tempo e narrativa e O si-mesmo como outro e as de Kundera, expostas tanto em seus ensaios quanto apresentadas de forma esparsa em digressões reflexivas que permeiam sua prosa romanesca. Meu intuito será mostrar como se diferenciam de forma discreta mas se sintonizam de forma robusta no que concerne a relação entre a constituição da subjetividade, o papel do romance na existência e a imersão desta em enredos historicamente considerados. (shrink)

The autosomal recessive genetic disorder, Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome, is characterised by an excessively high risk for the development of lymphatic tumours and an extreme sensitivity towards ionising radiation. The most likely explanation for these characteristics, a deficiency in the repair of DNA lesions, has been greatly substantiated by the recent cloning of the gene mutated in Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome patients and the analysis of its protein product, nibrin. The direct involvement of this protein in the processing of DNA double strand (...) breaks caused by ionising radiation and those also necessary for normal DNA metabolism can be correlated with many of the cellular and clinical aspects of the disease, including the cancer predisposition of patients and their heterozygous relatives. BioEssays 21:649–656, 1999. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (shrink)

Presented here is the transcript of a BBC radio broadcast by Elizabeth Anscombe that was recorded in May 1953 – the month when Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations appeared in England for the first time. In her radio talk, Anscombe provides some biographical and philosophical background for reading the Philosophical Investigations. She addresses the importance of the Tractatus and of the literary qualities of Wittgenstein’s writing. Anscombe warns that it would be fruitless to adopt slogans from Wittgenstein without insight. She also calls (...) it a misunderstanding to think that Wittgenstein had championed something like the Ordinary Language Philosophy as it was practised at the time of the recording. (shrink)

This article reviews and discusses emerging evidence suggesting an evolutionarily‐conserved connection between injury‐associated exposure of cytoskeletal proteins and the induction of tolerance to infection, repair of tissue damage and restoration of homeostasis. While differences exist between vertebrates and invertebrates with respect to the receptor(s), cell types, and effector mechanisms involved, the response to exposed cytoskeletal proteins appears to be protective and to rely on a conserved signaling cassette involving Src family kinases, the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Syk, and tyrosine phosphatases. A (...) case is made for research programs that integrate different model organisms in order to increase the understanding of this putative response to tissue damage. (shrink)

O presente artigo abordará a construção do conhecimento em Giambattista Vico embasando-se no discurso De Nostri Temporis Studiorum. Com a troca da “imaginação” pela “racionalidade”, colocou-se de lado a engenhosidade humana, anulando assim a verossimilhança que fora negada por não apresentar verdades factuais levando à atrofia do engenho. O intuito aqui é analisar o desenvolvimento imaginativo proposto por Vico, gerando uma nova crítica. Conclui-se sobre uma possível epistemologia das humanidades, na qual cada sujeito possa, com seus próprios instrumentos, desenvolver um (...) conhecimento menos “dogmático” e mais humano, partindo de um solo estável, qual seja, a história. (shrink)

O presente artigo se propõe a analisar a relação entre o Supremo Tribunal Federal e os media, e como as notícias jurídicas do Plenário da mais importante Corte do país são transmitidas pela TV Justiça, pelos canais comerciais, e pelos novos media. Ademais, busca-se explorar a influência dos novos media na democratização da informação referente ao Judiciário. Em termos metodológicos, será utilizada abordagem hipotética dedutiva, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Não obstante, este trabalho pretende demostrar como os canais (...) comerciais se incumbem de espetacularizar as imagens do Plenário do STF, com intuitos mercadológicos e de lucro. (shrink)

Educational policy and social sciences researchers have been studying dishonest behaviors among students for a long time. In this bibliometric study we examine the extant literature on academic dishonesty until 2017. We also analyze the specific case of the literature on plagiarism since it is arguably one of the most common academic dishonest behavior. We aim at identifying the intellectual structure of the field of academic dishonesty and plagiarism. Results show that Donald L. McCabe and Richard L. Marsh appear as (...) the most productive authors. Furthermore, Whitley, 235–274, 1998) “Factors associated with cheating among college students: A review”, and Pennycook, 201–230, 1996), entitled “Borrowing others’ words: Text, ownership, memory, and plagiarism” are the most cited publications on academic dishonesty and on plagiarism, respectively. Additionally, a strong connection between the McCabe and Treviño articles emerged from the co-citation analysis on academic dishonesty, and also a strong relationship between Pennycook, 201–230, 1996) and Pecorari, 317–345, 2003), suggesting that these articles are strongly connected. Results suggest that these are the most influential authors and articles of the field. (shrink)

This study provides a critical examination of biopolitics and the process of the subjectification of Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, and Estonia. The authors analyze multiple overlapping regimes of belonging, performativity, and debordering.

Background: Lay persons’ judgements of the acceptability of the not uncommon practice of ending the life of a damaged neonate have not been studied. Methods: A convenience sample of 1635 lay people in France rated how acceptable it would be for a physician to end a neonate’s life—by withholding care, withdrawing care, or active euthanasia—in 54 scenarios in which the neonate was diagnosed either with perinatal asphyxia or a genetic abnormality. The scenarios were all combinations of four factors: three levels (...) of maturity or immaturity, three levels of severity of the health problem, three levels of parents’ preference concerning prolonging care and two levels of decision-making (with or without consulting the other caregivers). Analyses: Analyses of variance of the participants’ responses were performed to determine the importance of each factor; the interactions among factors, with methods of ending life and with other patient characteristics; and the differences between asphyxia and genetic abnormality. A cluster analysis was performed to look for groups with different patterns of responses. Results: Lay people assigned most importance to the parents’ request and to the severity of the problem. Except for a small group (12%) always opposed to ending life, they used a simple additive-type rule in integrating the information. Implications: Most of this sample of French lay people are not categorically for or against ending the life of a damaged neonate, but judge its degree of acceptability by adding up those factors that seem most salient to them. (shrink)

This article aims at a reflection on the Marxist concept of Ideology as an attempt to understand the transposition from the conscience level to the physical corporality level accomplished by Michel Foucault, as a form of instituting disciplinary power over the individual and also as a means of domination which is more effective than conscience itself.Este artigo objetiva uma reflexão sobre o conceito marxista de ideologia, ao mesmo tempo em que busca entender a transposição do nível da consciência para o (...) nível da corporalidade física, feita por Michel Foucault, como forma de instituição do poder disciplinar sobre os indivíduos, como meio de dominação muito mais eficaz do que a própria consciência. (shrink)

A onda conservadora que assola diferentes países e regiões do mundo contemporâneo, entre muitos outros aspectos, nos faz ponderar sobre as práticas culturais e suas permanências, principalmente as permanências autoritárias, ao longo dos anos. Para este artigo, propomos enfrentar esta questão considerando o contexto brasileiro. Refletir sobre a cultura é sempre difícil em função de sua enorme abrangência, temporal e temática e, por isso, propomos como delimitação, recuperar a visão que estratos da intelectualidade brasileira apresentaram sobre as camadas populares ao (...) longo de nossa história republicana, definindo como recorte cronológico o período de 1920-2000. Ao percorrer este cenário, propomos identificar o conceito de cultura prevalecente em cada período e como este afetou o olhar da intelectualidade sobre a produção cultural popular. (shrink)

A 28-year-old female-to-male transgender patient presents to the emergency room with one day of pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath. The patient is found to have an acute pulmonary embolus and is admitted is to the academic hospitalist teaching service for further management.The transgender population is diverse in gender identity, expression, and sexual orientation. Although estimates vary, one study suggests that 0.3% of adults identify as transgender. The U.S. National Transgender Discrimination Survey revealed that 28% of transgender adults have (...) experienced harassment in medical settings, 19% reported being refused care, and 28% postponed care because of discrimination... (shrink)

In this article we present a new class of multiple contraction functionswhich are a generalization of the epistemic entrenchment-based contractions (Grdenfors & Makinson, 1988) to the case of contractions by (possibly nonsingleton) sets of sentences and provide an axiomatic characterization for that class of functions. Moreover, we show that the class of epistemic entrenchment-based multiple contractions coincides with the class of system of spheres-based multiple contractions introduced in Fermé & Reis (2012).