O presente trabalho pretende abordar a teoria da unidade do valor, enquanto teoria geral da interpretação. Ao superar a suposta divisão entre direito e moral, considerando a atividade interpretativa o elemento central de uma teoria normativa de todo o empreendimento humano, Dworkin evidencia as limitações do positivismo jurídico concebido por Hart em fornecer soluções adequadas aos “casos difíceis” e amplia o espectro para se encontrar uma “resposta correta” aos casos concretos em uma teoria normativa atrelada à moralidade política, manifestada pela (...) atividade interpretativa, cujo sentido será o valor atribuído pelo intérprete a um determinado fato ou objeto. (shrink)

O presente artigo discute a importância das aulas de regência do estágio supervisionado, cuja finalidade é desenvolver em cada estudante em formação, a compreensão da relação teórico-prática durante o tempo universidade e promover o contato inicial com a docência. O estágio supervisionado, como componente curricular obrigatório no curso de Licenciatura Intercultural Indígena em Matemática, estabelece esse diálogo entre a teoria apreendida no contexto da educação escolar indígena (tempo-universidade) e sua aplicabilidade na prática comunitária das escolas estaduais indígenas de Alagoas. Este (...) trabalho trata das observações realizadas no transcorrer do Estágio Supervisionado II com alunos do Alto Sertão de Alagoas. As informações apresentadas resultam das observações e participações nos cenários escolares por parte do autor e co-autora e, nas salas de aula, pelo autor na condição de professor orientador que acompanhou o desenvolvimento das aulas de regências. A investigação foi amparada por uma revisão bibliográfica e por relatos obtidos nas observações das aulas de regência. Teve como aporte teórico Bianchi et al. (2005), Lima e Pimenta (2006), Pimenta (1997), Tardif (2002) e dentre outros. O estágio mostrou-se como um espaço de importantes reflexões e debate, ações e atitudes e crescimentos e experiências no contato com a profissão escolhida. (shrink)

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled, in United States u. Texus Tech University, 171 F.3d 279, that the Eleventh Amendment bars a private citizen from bringing a qui tam action in federal court against a state, absent federal intervention.Intervenor Carol Foulds was a dermatology resident at the Texas Tech Health Services Center. While a resident, Foulds examined patients, made diagnoses, and prescribed treatments for patients. Foulds alleged that she and other residents performed these medical services without (...) the supervision of staff physicians. Foulds further alleged that, after residents performed these services without physician oversight, staff physicians signed charts and Medicare and Medicaid billing forms certifying that they personally performed or supervised the administration of these services. Foulds estimates approximately 500,000 false claims occurred in a span of ten years.In 1995, Foulds filed a qui tam action with the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas. As regulated by the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. § 3729, the complaint remained under seal. (shrink)

Este artigo investiga o impacto dos arquivos pessoais na reconfiguração da historiografia, destacando a relevância desses acervos em um contexto de transformações digitais. Baseando-se em reflexões de Derrida e Foucault, questiona a objetividade tradicional. Utilizando o arquivo pessoal de Allan Kardec, o da Sociedade Parisiense de Estudos Espíritas e a _Revista Espírita_ como exemplos, o artigo explora a importância de documentos acessíveis por meio do Projeto Allan Kardec e do Museu Allan Kardec. Online (AKOL). Inicia com discussão (...) teórico-metodológica, analisando a produção do arquivo de Kardec e sua influência no _corpus_ doutrinário do espiritismo, com destaque para a sistematização de supostas mensagens espirituais. Utiliza fontes primárias, incluindo manuscritos, para compreender uma das obras de Kardec, a produção de _A Gênese_ e a continuidade da doutrina após a sua morte. (shrink)

This book provides the reader with a detailed and captivating account of the story where, for the first time, physicists ventured into proposing a new force of nature beyond the four known ones - the electromagnetic, weak and strong forces, and gravitation - based entirely on the reanalysis of existing experimental data. Back in 1986, Ephraim Fischbach, Sam Aronson, Carrick Talmadge and their collaborators proposed a modification of Newton’s Law of universal gravitation. Underlying this proposal were three tantalizing pieces of (...) evidence: 1) an energy dependence of the CP (particle-antiparticle and reflection symmetry) parameters, 2) differences between the measurements of G, the universal gravitational constant, in laboratories and in mineshafts, and 3) a reanalysis of the Eötvos experiment, which had previously been used to show that the gravitational mass of an object and its inertia mass were equal to approximately one part in a billion. The reanalysis revealed that, contrary to Galileo’s position, the force of gravity was in fact very slightly different for different substances. The resulting Fifth Force hypothesis included this composition dependence and also added a small distance dependence to the inverse-square gravitational force. Over the next four years numerous experiments were performed to test the hypothesis. By 1990 there was overwhelming evidence that the Fifth Force, as initially proposed, did not exist. This book discusses how the Fifth Force hypothesis came to be proposed and how it went on to become a showcase of discovery, pursuit and justification in modern physics, prior to its demise. In this new and significantly expanded edition, the material from the first edition is complemented by two essays, one containing Fischbach’s personal reminiscences of the proposal, and a second on the ongoing history and impact of the Fifth Force hypothesis from 1990 to the present. (shrink)

This paper argues that the possibility of global justice is premised on the solutions of three-fold interrelated problem: (1) problem of heterogeneity, (2) problem of inequality, (3) problem of realpolitik. The problem of heterogeneity questions the assumed globality equated as universality or commonality underpinning global justice in view of the empirical human diversity and plurality that cannot be assumed away by the desirability of the normativity of global justice. The problem of inequality highlights the ineradicability of global inequality as a (...) pervasive fact of international life. It also criticizes the fairness argument that tries to make do with the ineradicable inequalities as long as they work towards the least advantaged members of global society mainly by rendering such an attempt as futile considering the inapplicability of principles of justice, Rawls's difference principle for example, in the global context; the unwillingness of powerful states to relinquish their hierarchical positions in the global political structure that benefit them; and the difficulty of not knowing what in/equality would mean for the least well-off when the fairness argument is granted. The problem of realpolitik makes the subordination of realpolitik (power and interest) to idealpolitik (justice)unwarranted given that the global realities point to the converse of subordination, especially the realities of the hierarchical structure of global politics and its concomitant unequal power relations. (shrink)

A well-known feature of great works of art is their power to “live on” long after the moment of their creation – to remain vital and alive long after the culture in which they were born has passed into history. This power to transcend time is common to works as various as the plays of Shakespeare, the Victory of Samothrace, and many works from early cultures such as Egypt and Buddhist India which we often encounter today in major art museums. (...) -/- What is the nature of this power and how does it operate? The Renaissance decided that works of art are timeless, “immortal” – immune from historical change – and this idea has exerted a profound influence on Western thought. But do we still believe it? Does it match our experience of art today which includes so many works from the past that spent long periods in oblivion and have clearly not been immune from historical change? -/- This book examines the seemingly miraculous power of art to transcend time – an issue widely neglected in contemporary aesthetics. Tracing the history of the question from the Renaissance onwards, and discussing thinkers as various as David Hume, Hegel, Marx, Walter Benjamin, Sartre, and Theodor Adorno, the book argues that art transcends time through a process of metamorphosis – a thesis first developed by the French art theorist, André Malraux. The implications of this idea pose major challenges for traditional thinking about the nature of art. (shrink)

The missing piece of the puzzle: the discovery of the Higgs boson On July 4, 2012 the CMS and ATLAS collaborations at the large hadron collider jointly announced the discovery of a new elementary particle, which resembled the Higgs boson, the last remaining undiscovered piece of the standard model of elementary particles. Both groups claimed to have observed a five-standard-deviation effect above background, the gold standard for discovery in high-energy physics. In this essay I will briefly discuss the how the (...) CMS collaboration performed the experiment and analyzed the data. I will also show the experimental results. (shrink)

In this paper I will reexamine the history of the early experiments on atomic parity violation, presenting both Pickering's interpretation and an alternative explanation of my own. I argue that, contrary to Pickering, there were good reasons for the decision of the physics community. I will also explore some of the differences between my view of science and that proposed by the "strong programme" or social constructivist view in the sociology of science.

The fallibility and corrigibility of experimental results, and of the confirmation or refutation based on those results, is illustrated in the 1930's history of Fermi's theory of decay. Early results favored the competing theory of Konopinski and Uhlenbeck. It was found that there were experimental difficulties along with an incorrect theoretical comparison. When the experiments were corrected and the proper theoretical calculations made, the evidence favored Fermi and refuted Konopinski and Uhlenbeck. The relevance of known evidence for confirmation and the (...) value of ad hoc hypotheses is also discussed. (shrink)

The invisibility of nursing work has been discussed in the international literature but not in relation to learning clinical skills. Evans and Guile's (Practice‐based education: Perspectives and strategies, Rotterdam: Sense, 2012) theory of recontextualisation is used to explore the ways in which invisible or unplanned and unrecognised learning takes place as newly qualified nurses learn to delegate to and supervise the work of the healthcare assistant. In the British context, delegation and supervision are thought of as skills which are learnt (...) “on the job.” We suggest that learning “on‐the‐job” is the invisible construction of knowledge in clinical practice and that delegation is a particularly telling area of nursing practice which illustrates invisible learning. Using an ethnographic case study approach in three hospital sites in England from 2011 to 2014, we undertook participant observation, interviews with newly qualified nurses, ward managers and healthcare assistants. We discuss the invisible ways newly qualified nurses learn in the practice environment and present the invisible steps to learning which encompass the embodied, affective and social, as much as the cognitive components to learning. We argue that there is a need for greater understanding of the “invisible learning” which occurs as newly qualified nurses learn to delegate and supervise. (shrink)

D. J. Allan; XV—Aristotle's Criticism of Platonic Doctrine Concerning Goodness and The Good, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 64, Issue 1, 1 June.

The history of ideas is an interdisciplinary field that began as an offshoot of the history of philosophy and was transformed by notions of perspective and cultural context drawn from the tradition of historical studies. The result is the practice of intellectual history, which has been carried out between the poles of inquiry commonly known as internalist and externalist, corresponding to mental phenomena and collective behavior in cultural surroundings. These are not opposed but rather complementary methods, and intellectual history may (...) be seen as the inside of cultural history and cultural history as the outside of intellectual history, the intellectual historian's task being to bring the two into alliance. (shrink)

The descriptions in the literature of mystical experience and psychedelic experience, such as that induced by LSD, are usually written by persons who have actually experienced only one or perhaps neither of the two states. Because many of the most important effects can be understood by direct experience but only partially described in ordinary language, such lack of direct experience is a major drawback. Since there is disagreement over the question of whether mystical experience and LSD experience can be ‘the (...) same’, it would be helpful if an individual who has experienced aspects of both states would compare them. One of the authors describes his experience with both states. A particular form of mystical experience, cosmic consciousness , occurred spontaneously; no mind altering drugs were used. ALS later took LSD on 12-15 occasions. Both states of consciousness involved alterations in time sense, subject/object boundary, cognition, mood and perception. However, the changes with CC were qualitatively and quantitatively different from those of LSD. The authors conclude that CC and LSD can be quite different states of consciousness, although we cannot completely rule out the possibility that psychedelics might sometimes induce the same kinds of mystical experiences that occur for non-drug reasons. (shrink)

The present essay, of theoretical bibliographical nature, debates some fundamentals of the methodology employed in the analysis of Brazilian urban songs. The approach to the scarce debate involving an investigative method for folk songs relies on the chapter 14 of George Lukács’ Aesthetics. In particular, considering the aims of this essay, the item dedicated to music. Authors who investigate the particular scope of Brazilian urban folk song were consulted to approximate the specific elements of that music. The findings suggest that (...) the study of songs should refrain from dismissing the general categories of the aesthetics, however, their features demand certain cares, which also require a particular methodology to be applied to the contradictions inherent to Brazilian urban folk songs. (shrink)

OS DIREITOS HUMANOS COMO NORTEADORES DO DIREITO NO ÂMBITO DAS RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS: A APLICABILIDADE DA TEORIA DE JUSTIÇA DE JOHN RAWLS NA ORGANIZAÇÃO DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre a importância da educação para a informação em diferentes contextos e etapas da vida humana, com vistas à consolidação da aplicação prática e democratização da competência em informação na sociedade brasileira, que, ainda, carece de atenção e novos esforços. Apoiadas na literatura da Ciências da Informação e áreas afins, a exemplo de Kuhlthau (2001), ACRL(2016), Belluzzo (2017), Dudziak (2005, 2016), Pereira e Alcará (2020), Menze (1981) e Le Boterf (2000, 1982), as reflexões apresentadas (...) apontam que, considerando a igualdade de oportunidades educacionais para todos, a educação para a competência em informação precisa ser ofertada em instituições educativas, culturais e sociais, responsáveis pela promoção da educação relativa à formação dos indivíduos. Esta ainda não possibilita a todas as pessoas a oportunidade de acesso à educação para a informação na etapa da vida e contexto social em que se encontram, o que constitui um exemplo de uma realidade social injusta; que nega um direito humano básico. (shrink)

The contemporary theological discourse is still understood as something restricted to the ecclesiastical and clerical ambit. Nevertheless, the theologian's task to use new languages to reach new fields and ease the dialogue still remains. It is observed as even more complex in a plural scene as the present days. For this reason, the narrative, as a theological language, presents a reading key to Christology, used by the contemporary french theologian, Joseph Moingt. Through this key, it is supposed to give a (...) relevant and convincing answer to the question repeated all the time: who is Jesus of Nazareth and what he means for our relationship with God? (shrink)

The technique of covers is now well established in semigroup theory. The idea is, given a semigroup S, to find a semigroup having a better understood structure than that of S, and an onto morphism of a specific kind from to S. With the right conditions on , the behaviour of S is closely linked to that of . If S is finite one aims to choose a finite . The celebrated results for inverse semigroups of McAlister in the 1970s (...) form the flagship of this theory.Weakly left quasi-ample semigroups form a quasivariety (of algebras of type(2, 1)), properly containing the classes of groups, and of inverse, left ample, and weakly left ample semigroups. We show how the existence of finite proper covers for semigroups in this quasivariety is a consequence of Ashs powerful theorem for pointlike sets. Our approach is to obtain a cover of a weakly left quasi-ample semigroup S as a subalgebra of S × G, where G is a group. It follows immediately from the fact that weakly left quasi-ample semigroups form a quasivariety, that is weakly left quasi-ample. We can then specialise our covering results to the quasivarieties of weakly left ample, and left ample semigroups. The latter have natural representations as (2, 1)-subalgebras of partial (one-one) transformations, where the unary operation takes a transformation to the identity map in the domain of . In the final part of this paper we consider representations of weakly left quasi-ample semigroups. (shrink)

Em Ser e Tempo, Heidegger argumenta que o conhecimento primordial do Dasein se dá no manuseio de entes mundanos. Merleau-Ponty, por sua vez, descreve na Fenomenologia da Percepção que o conhecimento é, antes de tudo, uma intencionalidade corporal intraduzível em termos proposicionais. Mais tarde, em What Computers Can’t Do, Hubert Dreyfus usa a obra de ambos para apontar os equívocos do paradigma cognitivista, isto é, a abordagem dominante do então nascente campo da inteligência artificial. Finalmente, em The Embodied Mind: Cognitive (...) Science and Human Experience, a noção de enativismo - elaborada por Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson e Eleanor Rosch - surge como uma tentativa de tomar do cognitivismo e do conexionismo a hegemonia nas ciências cognitivas. Dito isso, o objetivo do artigo consiste em descrever o enativismo e apontar sua herança fenomenológica. (shrink)

Resenha do livro COLLECTED PAPERS OF HERBERT MARCUSE PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOANALYSIS AND EMANCIPATION –VOL. 5.

Formative intervention methodologies, such as the Change Laboratory, are increasingly being used in work environments. However, the learning process entailed in the application of these methodologies has received insufficient attention and may be facilitated through the use of learning platforms. We examined the development of learning and training strategies for implementing formative interventions, drawing on the experiences of a research group focusing on workers’ health. Information obtained from individuals involved in CL formative activities was analyzed and interpreted using Cultural-Historical Activity (...) Theory and the theory of expansive learning. The process of learning to implement formative interventions unfolded gradually, beginning with the interventionists’ initial exposure to abstract concepts that they subsequently internalized via various mediations and applied in concrete situations. Four key interventionist training strategies used to foster collective learning were identified: promoting dialogues and exchange of experiences, creating environments for continuous learning and permanent discussion, creating spaces for experimentation and the practical application of concepts, and the use of the double stimulation method during training programs. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a tríplice liberdade no pensamento do filósofo social Axel Honneth: jurídica, moral e social. O método investigativo pauta-se na pesquisa bibliográfica. O pensador alemão desenvolve uma teoria da justiça que centra a liberdade na dimensão do reconhecimento. Para ele, a liberdade não se limita à esfera jurídica, mas se manifesta em três dimensões interligadas: a jurídica, a moral e a social. A liberdade jurídica está ancorada nos direitos individuais e na proteção estatal, enquanto (...) a liberdade moral se relaciona com a autonomia individual e a capacidade de agir de acordo com princípios éticos. A liberdade social, por sua vez, está ligada à participação em comunidades e à construção de identidades coletivas. A realização plena da liberdade depende do equilíbrio entre essas três dimensões, e que as patologias sociais surgem quando o reconhecimento é negado em alguma dessas esferas. (shrink)

In his Parts of Animals, Aristotle distinguishes three modes of the necessary.However, it is not clear just what these three modes are.Nor is it clear how this passage fits with other texts where A...