自己決定概念は、患者の自律やインフォームド・コンセント、プライバシー概念等の基礎にあり、生命倫理において核となる重要な概念である。しかし、その歴史的由来について、またその概念の意味するところについて、 これまで本巻のように主題的に扱われることはほとんどなかった。ここでの諸論考は、「自己決定権」や「自律」概念の理解にも大いに役立つはずである。.

Contemporary feminist theory is at an impasse: the project of reformulating concepts of self and social identity is thwarted by an association between identity and oppression and victimhood. In Sacrificial Logics, Allison Weir proposes a way out of this impasse through a concept of identity which depends on accepting difference. Weir argues that the equation of identity with repression and domination links "relational" feminists like Nancy Chodorow, who equate self-identity with the repression of connection to others, and poststructuralist feminists (...) like Judith Butler, who view any identity as a repression of nonidentity and difference. Through readings of Chodorow, Butler, Jessica Benjamin, Luce Irigaray, Jacqueline Rose and Julia Kristeva, Weir analyzes the relation of theories of self-identity to theories of women's identity, social identity, the identity of meaning in language and feminist solidarity. Drawing particularly on the work of Julia Kristeva, she argues for a reformulation of self-identity as a capacity to participate in a social world, and sketches a model of a self-identity which depends on a capacity to accept nonidentity, difference and connections to others. (shrink)

How can we think about identities in the wake of feminist critiques of identity and identity politics? Allison Weir rethinks conceptions of individual and collective identities in relation to freedom.

Henry Allison is one of the foremost interpreters of the philosophy of Kant. This new volume collects all his recent essays on Kant's theoretical and practical philosophy. All the essays postdate Allison's two major books on Kant, and together they constitute an attempt to respond to critics and to clarify, develop and apply some of the central theses of those books. Two are published here for the first time. Special features of the collection are: a detailed defence of (...) the author's interpretation of transcendental idealism; a consideration of the Transcendental Deduction and some other recent interpretations thereof; further elaborations of the tensions between various aspects of Kant's conception of freedom and of the complex role of this conception within Kant's moral philosophy. (shrink)

This article analyzes investors’ portfolio selection problems in a two-period dynamic model of Knightian uncertainty. We account for the existence of portfolio inertia in this two-period framework. Furthermore, by incorporating investors’ updating behavior, we analyze how observing new information in the first period will affect investors’ behavior. By this analysis, we show that observing new information in the first period will expand portfolio inertia in the second period compared with the case in which observing new information has not been gained (...) in the first period if the degree of Knightian uncertainty is sufficiently large. (shrink)

意味の研究は、言語研究の中でも比較的歴史が新しい。はじめに、語や文の意味とは何か、意味をどう記述するかをめぐる基本的な問題を明らかにする。そして、意味の形式化を徹底したモンタギュー意味論の展開と、言語 現象を人間の認知過程の反映ととらえた認知的意味論の方法論について紹介する。その後、自然言語処理における意味と概念の表現とその計算機構について解説する。.

In this paper, we give closed-form expressions of the $p$-Frobenius number for the triple of the numbers $a n(n-1)+r$ for an integer $a\ge 4$ and $r$ is odd. For the set of given positive integers $A:=\{a_{1},a_{2},\dots,a_{k}\}$, the $p$-Frobenius number is the largest integer whose nonnegative integral linear combinations of given positive integers in $A$ are expressed in at most $p$ ways. When $p=0$, the $0$-Frobenius number is the classical Frobenius number, which is the central topic of the famous linear Diophantine (...) problem of Frobenius. (shrink)

The necessity and opportunity for face-to-face contact with other colleagues is being increasingly reduced as a result of factory automation (FA) or office automation (OA). This means that human functions which are a result of human contact and relationships are substituted for by the function of machine systems. This “transfer of relations” from the human “system” to the machine system causes isolation of the individual in the process of work. This chapter considers some reasons for “isolation” with particular reference to (...) the computerisation of production systems. The paper addresses the serious consequences for the environmental situation in Japan and the fabric of Japanese society. (shrink)

学内共同研究の成果である「熊本大学生命倫理研究会論集」シリーズは第６巻をもって一応完結し，これからは，国内外の研究者との共同研究を通じて生命倫理研究に貢献していきたい。その一環として，新しい論集を刊行 することになった。第１巻のテーマは「日本の生命倫理：回顧と展望」である。今の時期は，これまでの広範多岐にわたる活動を振り返るとともに将来を展望することが必要であろう。生命倫理の各領域の研究者に様々な観 点から執筆していただいた。大きく分けると「総論」，「自己決定・医療情報」，「生命と法」，「職業倫理」，「ドイツ・フランスへの視点」，「政策・学会」の６領域である。これでかなりの範囲がカバーできると思わ れる。続刊でもそれぞれのテーマについて論じつつ日本の生命倫理の現状と行方を示していく予定である。.

The objective of this study is to design a laboratory experiment to explore the effect of ambiguity on a subject’s search behavior in a finite-horizon sequential search model. In so doing, we employ a strategy to observe the potential trend of reservation points that is usually unobserved. We observe that subjects behaving consistently across treatments reduce their reservation points in the face of ambiguity over point distribution. Our result is consistent with the theoretical implication obtained by Nishimura and Ozaki.

Animalism in its basic form is the view that we are animals. Whether it is a thesis about anything else – like what the conditions of our persistence through time are or whether we're wholly material things – depends on the facts about the persistence conditions and ontology of animals. Thus, I will argue, there are different varieties of animalism, differing with respect to which other theses are taken in conjunction with animalism in its basic form. The different varieties of (...) animalism vary in credibility: some varieties are supported by arguments that are irrelevant to others, and some varieties are susceptible to objections that others can resist. Adequately distinguishing between varieties of animalism is thus an important preliminary to assessing them. In this paper, I'll present and argue for a taxonomy of the most distinctive varieties. (shrink)

Dr. Mike Allison thoughtfully examines biblical admonitions, legalism, Christian liberty, personal conviction by the Holy Spirit, three types of Old Testament laws, modesty and the blessings found in obedience. With a compassionate heart, he courageously opens the truth of God's Word to demonstrate clearly that standards are not to be rejected, but rather, embraced. Standards protect us from traps of Satan and help us to apply other biblical principles. Herein the preacher will find help for declaring "all the counsel (...) of God" boldly, without apology, without compromise. - Back cover. (shrink)

Recently, bioethicists and the UNCRPD have advocated for supported medical decision-making on behalf of patients with intellectual disabilities. But what does supported decision-making really entail? One compelling framework is Anita Silvers and Leslie Francis’ mental prosthesis account, which envisions supported decision-making as a process in which trustees act as mere appendages for the patient’s will; the trustee provides the cognitive tools the patient requires to realize her conception of her own good. We argue that supported decision-making would be better understood (...) as a collaborative process, giving patients with intellectual disabilities the opportunity to make decisions in a respectful relationship with trusted others. We offer an alternative account of supported decision-making where the primary constraint is to protect the patient from domination by the trustee. This is advantageous in its preservation of the prospects for genuine collaboration, for the mental prosthesis approach ultimately reinforces a problematic ideal of isolated patient self-determination. (shrink)

Is volitional conceptual change feasible? Answering that question requires a theory of semantic change, which is sometimes thought elusive. Fortunately, much is known about semantic change as it occurs in the wild. While usage is chaotic and complex, changes in a word’s use can produce changes in its meaning. There are several under-appreciated empirical constraints on how meanings change that stem from the following observation: word use finely reflects equilibrium between various communicative pressures. Much of the relevant work in linguistics (...) has employed the methods of empirical pragmatics and diachronic semantics. In this way, the study of meaning change can be brought to bear on the conceptual engineer’s normative project. The picture that emerges tells against the sorts of engineering projects most likely to appeal to philosophers. Some may stand to succeed, but they have significantly different contours than the typical ones. (shrink)

「仁」と「天理」はどう語られてきたか―『春秋』三伝・『論語』をはじめとする経典類から二十四史まで、さらに「侯馬盟書」等の出土史料を渉猟して「仁」の原義とその変質、「天理」観との関わりを検討し、その観念 と暦・天文・度量衡・十二方位・楽・易との関係、建築物への數理的表象に説き及ぶ。.

We prove that Flagg and Friedman's translation from epistemic to intuitionistic predicate logics is not faithful.

本書では、水戸学の探究のためにも現代水戸学論の批判と修正を図りつつ、虚心坦懐に水戸の先人が求めたところを明らかにする。水戸学に革命論が存在するか?水戸学に徂徠学の影響が認められるか?また、関連する続編 や論賛の問題にも考察を加える。.