This review essay explores recent historical and anthropological literature on the emergence and development of transcultural psychiatry in the second half of the twentieth century. It examines how postcolonial psychiatry attempted to remove itself from its erstwhile colonial frameworks and strove to introduce new concepts and paradigms to make itself relevant in the context of decolonization and postwar reconstruction. The essay looks at both continuities and discontinuities between colonial and post-colonial transcultural psychiatry, asking how the recent surge of scholarly literature (...) in this field engaged with these issues. It also aims to identify the most important avenues for future research. (shrink)

This paper considers the UN efforts to introduce a legally binding Treaty on corporate accountability for human rights impacts in the context of other proposed legislation at country level, on the one hand, and existing voluntary initiatives like the UN Guiding Principles (2011), on the other. What we are interested in is whether the proposed Treaty signals a transition from voluntary initiatives (based on moral commitments) to law (that is, a focus on compliance), and the extent to which it might (...) stimulate or hinder links between judicial and non-judicial initiatives. The scholars who have explicitly addressed these two divides are – Michael Sandel, on theory v. practice; and Amartya Sen, on law v. morality. We engage with their views, in sections II and III respectively, seeking to build an integrated approach to help us overcome these dualisms. We further consider John Ruggie’s “principled pragmatism”, a strategy that he uses to build the Protect, Respect and Remedy (henceforth, PRR) Framework; and we invoke arguments from casuistry as well as a practice-focused deontology (Thomas Donaldson’s) in favour of an ethics ‘beyond cognition’, which we consider better suited than either utilitarian or principle-based theories to guide the debate on human rights. This is because it allows us to take non-rational factors into account (such as emotions and personal affiliations), when judging the kind of common good we consider worth pursuing. In the last section of the paper, we investigate whether and how might the Treaty illustrate the two divides, trying to (a) distinguish between purely legal elements and those of a wider nature, to do with morality; and (b) understand what might help bridge the gap between theoretical commitments to the universality of human rights and various practical challenges. Our aim is not to evaluate the Treaty, from a legal viewpoint, or suggest improvements to it (lawyers are better placed to do that); rather, we seek to investigate the way in which the proposed Treaty – which is the first attempt to address the challenge of transnational business and human rights in international law – combines moral and legal aspects, and what this tells us about the world we live in. (shrink)

Mary Livermore'sMy Story of the Waris a valuable piece of travel writing written from the point of view of a nurse who documented her unexpected personal and professional journey to administer the Sanitary Commission of the United States Union Army and provide nursing care during the American Civil War. Although Livermore's pre‐war background had not been solely limited to the domestic sphere, her wartime experience involved a public negotiation between the traditional domestic realm assigned to women and new nursing professional (...) functions that emerged during the war. In a context in which the general access of women to public writing was rather limited and in which nursing was not a formally regulated professional activity, Livermore's triumphal narrative reflects the increasing connection between progressively professional nursing functions that emerged in the context of war and a new women's rights leadership forged during her autobiographical journey. (shrink)

This book attempts a conceptual clarification of Kant’s approach to culture, given the lack of systematic study of this aspect of his thought. At its origin there was only a thematic interest in the manifold meanings of the term “culture”, as well as the underlying persuasion that Kant’s moral philosophy could provide us with a systematic framework to understand the increasing relevance of “culture” in modern thought. Specifically, the hypothesis was that the emergence of culture as a relatively autonomous realm (...) was implied in Kant’s refusal to let nature play a role in the constitution of the moral norm, and his requirement that the moral norm be defined through pure reason alone. As a result, culture would appear as a middle terrain: being neither empirical nature nor pure morality. Accordingly, culture can be approached either from the perspective of nature, or from the perspective of morality. Both approaches represent what can be termed “Kant’s explicit account of culture”. Behind this explicit, two-fold account of culture, however, an implicit account of culture in terms of “projection of man’s subjectivity” can be discovered. This latter account, itself a consequence of the critical enterprise, constitutes Kant’s most original contribution to the philosophy of culture. (shrink)

As the ecological crisis becomes increasingly pressing, the relation of environmentalism and democracy is spotlighted with new instancy. On one hand, the capability of present democratic governments to take adequate political action is seriously questioned. On the other hand, environmentalism is charged of being anti-democratic. This paper, in a first step, examines the “green” criticism of and sometimes actual departures from democracy. Drawing on that analysis as well as a pragmatist concept of democracy, the elements of an “ecological democracy” will (...) be outlined in a second step. Democracy, then, is not only a way of collective-problem solving, but also a form of life that has an intrinsic value, even in the face of unresolvable problems and failure. Striving for transformation and the best possible scenario nevertheless, finally, demands an attitude of ecological meliorism, which will be briefly outlined. (shrink)

The theory of mental models postulates that meaning and knowledge can modulate the interpretation of conditionals. The theory's computer implementation implied that certain conditionals should be true or false without the need for evidence. Three experiments corroborated this prediction. In Experiment 1, nearly 500 participants evaluated 24 conditionals as true or false, and they justified their judgments by completing sentences of the form, It is impossible that A and ___ appropriately. In Experiment 2, participants evaluated 16 conditionals and provided their (...) own justifications, which tended to be explanations rather than logical justifications. In Experiment 3, the participants also evaluated as possible or impossible each of the four cases in the partitions of 16 conditionals: A and C, A and not-C, not-A and C, not-A and not-C. These evaluations corroborated the model theory. We consider the implications of these results for theories of reasoning based on logic, probabilistic logic, and suppositions. (shrink)

IntroductionHistory of depression symptoms, including before and during pregnancy, has been identified as an important risk factor for postpartum depression symptoms. This condition has also been associated with diverse implications, namely, on the quality of mother–infant bonding. Moreover, the role of self-criticism on PPD has been recently found in several studies. However, the link between these factors has not been explored yet. Furthermore, anxiety symptoms in postpartum has been less studied.MethodsThis study analyzed whether the history of depression symptoms predicted mother–infant (...) bonding, via self-criticism and PPD symptoms. The same model was repeated with a history of anxiety and postpartum anxiety symptoms. A total of 550 mothers of infants <24 months old participated in this cross-sectional study and answered an online survey.ResultsThrough a parallel–serial mediation model, the results show that in a first step, self-criticism dimensions of inadequate-self, hated-self, and reassuring-self, and in a second step, PPD symptoms, mediate the relationship between the history of depression symptoms and mother–infant bonding. However, the relationship between the history of anxiety symptoms and bonding is not mediated by all the considered chain of mediators, being only mediated by one of the self-criticism dimensions, inadequate self.ConclusionsThe current study confirmed the association of history of both depression and anxiety with mother–infant bonding. While in the case of history of anxiety symptoms, the relation was only mediated by inadequate self-dimension of self-criticism, in the case of history of depression symptoms, the relation was mediated by self-criticism and postpartum depressive symptoms. The buffering effect of reassuring-self on bonding and negative affect was also evidenced. Psychological and preventive interventions should address this evidence to target interventions for mother–infant bonding problems in accordance with previous and actual current maternal risk factors. (shrink)

Tres notas para un análisis que busca situar a las mujeres y diversidades en la intersección de los territorios desde los cuales disputan las construcciones de subalternidades y omisiones. Este artículo inédito se basa en parte en algunas de las reflexiones compartidas en el panel “Arraigo y Equidad Espacial”, organizado desde el Instituto Patria de Rosario, Argentina, el 28 de abril de 2020. Aborda, desde la construcción del pensamiento feminista plural y diverso, la intersección mujeres y diversidades y los temas (...) emergentes más críticos para la vida de las mujeres en las ciudades en donde crece la pandemia y como resultado de poderes imbricados del neoliberalismo, el patriarcado xenófobo, racista y colonialista. Un aporte analítico desde la especificidad disciplinar de la arquitectura y el urbanismo, en la producción predatoria del ambiente y las injusticias espaciales, para ello las búsquedas conceptuales y la reflexión a partir de evidencias desde el marco analítico de las desigualdades urbanas. Para ello se interseccionan desde el feminismo los desarrollos conceptuales acerca del derecho a la ciudad dando cuenta de la omisión de las mujeres y diversidades en las formas de habitar y vivenciar las relaciones sociales en el espacio. La pandemia agudizó las desigualdades en las ciudades en las cuales se expresa con mayor virulencia, donde las mujeres están encerradas con los violentos y sufren el agobio del cuidado. El uso del tiempo y la división sexual del trabajo profundizan los sesgos de géneros en la epidemia del Covid-19, que evidencia más presión de tareas de cuidado, mayores asimetrías del uso del tiempo de mujeres en relación a los varones, el incremento de las violencias y de femicidios en los espacios privados y públicos. Temas que la pandemia impacta más allá de sus condiciones de estructurantes de las desigualdades, y que los cuerpos de mujeres y diversidades experimentan en distintas dimensiones territoriales, en las cuales median en sus construcciones diversas relaciones de poder y por ello en permanente disputas y resistencias. (shrink)

Psycholinguistics as a discipline can be traced back further than one would think, but what we refer to as modern psycholinguistics emerged in the 1950s. The gradual accumulation of interdisciplinary knowledge, cross-linguistic research, and the development of ideas formed the foundation for new approaches. Indeed, interdisciplinarity, multi-methodology, and linguistic diversity are to this day inevitable and integral parts of psycholinguistics. The aim of this paper is to argue the interplay of different approaches and methodologies, namely in relation to syntactic processing. (...) The paper provides a general overview of former state-of-the-art and newer research trends, discusses the challenges of new approaches, and presents them in the context of a recently performed attachment preference study in Croatian. Using multiple methodologies, the study shows that Croatian is a high attachment preference language. More importantly, it illustrates the significance of a carefully planned research design and the relevance of obeying the properties of the studied language. These considerations are crucial in order to avoid that someone’s choice of theoretical framework and methods influences results. (shrink)

_Review of: Consani, Cristina Foroni; Klein, Joel T.; Nour Sckell, Soraya, _Cosmopolitanism: From the Kantian Legacy to Contemporary Approaches_, Berlin, Duncker & Humblot, 2021, pp. 327. ISBN 978-3-428-58460-4._.

Este artigo tem por objetivo essencial contribuir para o esclarecimento teórico-filosófico do uso de conceitos como ética, moral, axiologia e valores, habitualmente empregues para nos referirmos a uma mesma realidade. Para tal, começaremos por analisar as respetivas etimologias que os caracterizam, examinaremos os diversos matizes dos seus sentidos diferenciados, bem como a sua relação de complementaridade, e terminaremos referindo o que entendemos por valores e qual a sua natureza e importância, principais características, bem como o universo a que se reportam. (...) Ao longo do texto, aduziremos e concluiremos pelo uso preferencial do conceito de "ética" a "moral", para o qual estão reservados os termos "normas" e "regras", e o de "valor" a "norma", a par de uma perspetiva crítica daquela. This article essentially aims to contribute to the philosophical-theoretical clarification of the use of concepts such as ethics, morals, axiology and values, usually used to refer to the same reality. To this end, we will begin by analyzing the respective etymologies that feature them, we will examine the various nuances of their senses, as well as their relationship of complementarity, and we will finish by referring to what we mean by values and what is their nature and importance, key features, as well as the universe to which they relate. Throughout the text, we will conclude by the preferential use of the concept from "ethics" to "morals", for which the terms "standards" and "rules" are reserved, and that from "value" to "standard", together with a critical perspective. (shrink)

This article aims to discuss the contemporary activities and roles that scientific associations play in science and society. It is based on a comprehensive study of scientific associations in Portugal, relying on a multi-method, quantitative and qualitative approach. After a brief review of the literature on associations in the social studies of science, we provide an outline of the expanding field of scientific associations in Portugal. We then proceed to present and discuss the five main roles of associations identified through (...) the research: communication among peers, promotion of research, science dissemination, representation of professional interests and policy advice. We conclude that the external roles of associations have become more important than the internal ones. Whereas the internationalisation of science has moved the communication, collaboration and competition between researchers into the transnational sphere, the links that associations forge between science and other social spheres are still deeply rooted in national settings and much dependant on specific configurations and practices by government, business and other social actors. (shrink)

The question of intellectual intuition in medieval philosophy is generally associated with names like John Duns Scotus and William Ockham whose majorcontributions to the development of the theory of intuition are well established. Nevertheless the way they approached this philosophical question is strongly related to the Franciscan tradition to which they both belonged so that an extensive comprehension of their theories of intuition requires the inquiry of their sources. As this paper means to show, Matthew of Aquasparta is one of (...) John Duns Scotus’s most important sources in this matter and his treatment of both thequestions of direct intellectual knowledge of the material individual and of the self-knowledge of the soul are important in order to understand the role of theintelligible species and the immediate character of intuitive cognition. While for Matthew of Aquasparta there is no contradiction between the implication of thespecies in intuitive cognition and its immediacy, John Duns Scotus and William Ockham both find a contradiction between these aspects of knowledge andtherefore they both reject the presence of the species in intuitive cognition which is immediate. This paper will show the background of Matthew’s theory and theway he demonstrated that the presence of a species does not always qualify as mediation in knowledge and does not as such hinder the intuitive cognition. (shrink)

TRIBUNAL DO JÚRI E SUA COMPETÊNCIA: UMA ANÁLISE CONSTITUCIONAL.

Apresenta-se os resultados de projeto de pesquisa desenvolvido entre os anos de 2014-2020 relacionado as narrativas didáticas de história no Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai e, pertinentes ao conteúdo Guerra Guasu. Embora tenha ocorrido um significativo avanço historiográfico acerca do tema tais narrativas apresentam um perfil tradicional, descritivo e com enfoque nos feitos daqueles tidos como “grandes homens”. No caso, sobretudo, das narrativas brasileiras foram incorporadas distintas categorias de fontes históricas, entretanto os sujeitos subalternizados elencados para esta análise: mulheres, crianças, indígenas (...) e os negros libertos e escravizados continuam invisibilizados pela escrita de uma narrativa didática oficial e que reverbera os cânones do vencedor. (shrink)

The somatic mutation theory has been the prevailing paradigm in cancer research for the last 50 years. Its premises are: (1) cancer is derived from a single somatic cell that has accumulated multiple DNA mutations, (2) the default state of cell proliferation in metazoa is quiescence, and (3) cancer is a disease of cell proliferation caused by mutations in genes that control proliferation and the cell cycle. From this compelling simplicity, an increasingly complicated picture has emerged as more than 100 (...) oncogenes and 30 tumor suppressor genes have been identified. To accommodate this complexity, additional ad hoc explanations have been postulated. After a critical review of the data gathered from this perspective, an alternative research program has been proposed. It is based on the tissue organization field theory, the premises of which are that carcinogenesis represents a problem of tissue organization, comparable to organogenesis, and that proliferation is the default state of all cells. The merits of these competing theories are evaluated herein. BioEssays 26:1097–1107, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

The subject of this paper is the debate between externalism and internalism about mental content presented by Tim Crane in Chapter 4 of his book Elements of Mind. Crane’s sympathies in this debate are with internalism. The paper attempts to show that Crane’s argumentation is not refuting the Twin Earth argument and externalism, and that in its basis it does not differ much from externalism itself Crane’s version of the argument for externalism features two key premises: (1) The content of (...) a thought determines what the thought is about/what it refers to (the Content Determines Reference Principle); and (2) Twins are referring to different things when they use the word “water”. From these, in a few simple steps, Crane’s externalist infers: Therefore, their thoughts are not “in their heads”. Crane suggests denying the Content Determines Reference Principle in the light of indexical thoughts. In the first stage, Crane reduces “content” to “some aspect of content”, although he needs all aspects of content to secure identity of thoughts. However, his view then comes close to something acceptable to externalists. In the second stage, Crane makes content relative to context, but then reference still determines content. (shrink)

This article claims that events, facts and states of affairs need to be differentiated. It takes as a starting point Chisholm’s claim that only his ontology of states of affairs explains effectively thirteen sentences related to propositions and events. He does this by reducing propositions and events to states of affairs. We argue that our ontology also solves those problems. We defend a hierarchized Platonist ontology that has concrete entities and abstract entities. The distinctions we propose allow us to explain (...) the pre-analytic data analyzed by Chisholm without reducing entities. We claim that our ontology provides a different way of explaining that data, and is, thus, promissory. (shrink)

"Identidad personal y donación. La configuración del yo en la acción dramática", de Ana Álvarez Garrido, relata como un deseo de verdad y una intuición genuina, unidos a la insatisfacción acerca de las corrientes dominantes en el estudio de la identidad personal, llevaron a su autora a iniciar este trabajo. Con una pregunta casi infantil, por su atrevimiento y por la esperanza que la anima de una respuesta justa, se abre esta aventura de la búsqueda del yo, a la que (...) es invitado el lector desde la primera página: ¿Quién soy yo? Este interrogante nos conduce, atravesando el fuego positivo de la duda, a veces de tintes narrativos, hasta un espacio y un tiempo capaces de vestir al yo, de darle una voz y un gesto únicos, capaces de regalarle un nombre. Un teatro será ese lugar donde Yo puedo ser y donde vengo a ser Yo, porque en él se puede representar una acción esencial. Ésta, como el yo, se revelará al final de nuestra aventura investigadora, sorprendente y deliberadamente dramática. Como la vida misma. (shrink)

Photography has an important place in picturing and documenting environmental changes, especially when they occur in distant areas, or are inaccessible from ground level and/or imperceptible to the naked eye due to their scale. As the invention of photographic technology was officially registered only 55 years after the invention of the steam engine (which is commonly taken as the starting point of the Anthropocene era), most subsequent transformations of the environment have been well documented. One needs to distinguish the time (...) of human changes to the environment, the Anthropocene, from images of the era this term names, which are the way humans learn of their own environmental deeds. Such images may be dependent, yet they are also distinct insofar as they influence the perception as well as the production of the Anthropocene itself, framed by limits of the static, fractioned, subjectivized and perspectival medium of photography. In this vein, the article risks proposing yet another in a long series of neologisms that aim to define the unstable or extreme times we live in: the Photographocene. The Photographocene marks various phases of the human relationship to the environment in which photographs have documented, directly communicated and announced impending environmental processes directly caused by human actions. Yet, this is also an era marked by photographic images of the environment that report but also pollute our relationship to the environment by forming an alternate reality. Thus, this concept enables one to articulate the role that images have in our understanding of the past‐present‐future human impact on the environment. (shrink)

El trabajo presenta los resultados del proyecto El paisaje sonoro como contexto de aprendizaje interactivo, transversal e interdisciplinar (PAISO) que se desarrolló durante los cursos 2019-2020 y 2020-2021 en la Facultad de Magisterio de la Universidad de Valencia. La muestra participante estuvo formada por 748 estudiantes de 16 asignaturas de los grados en Maestro/a en Educación Primaria e Infantil y los Másteres de Secundaria y Máster en Investigación en Didácticas Específicas de la Universidad de Valencia y de la Universidad de (...) Salamanca, entre los dos cursos académicos mencionados. (shrink)

The paper presents the results of several substantiation studies concerning public facilities assessment for various Romanian municipalities, made in order to substantiate urban development plans. The study outlines main methodological steps for public amenities assessment emphasizing the importance of the territorial context, socio-economical context, as well the necessity of development of a compulsory legal frame at national level. The studies conducted by the authors tried to develop specific methodologies designated to assess public facilities provision at city level in order to (...) propose their enhancement if case. The study compares different public facilities assessment conclusions for several cities in Romania and outlines that the average offer and need is generated by different elements, not only the perceived urban barriers but also the unseen elements. Also, one of the conclusions of this survey is that public amenities are one of the main features of urban structure that has to be addressed when planning development at urban or zone level. This focus on public amenities approach can substantiate development decisions at urban level, despite that it is the most disregarded element due to urban development pressures, especially within the new urban development areas. Assessment of public facilities provision at urban level should be subject of the urban development plans in terms of sustainable urban development. (shrink)

Este trabalho vinculou-se numa abordagem hermenêutica, analisou os discursos sobre a Ciência da Motricidade Humana, com atenção ao seu método de pesquisa. A Motricidade tem seus pressupostos assentes na fenomenologia, no pensamento complexo e no materialismo histórico dialético. Efetua diálogos com diversas correntes do pensamento científico sugerindo para as pesquisas que decorrem da sua teoria o método integrativo. O método integrativo converge com a idéia de transgressão metodológica, sendo um espaço de aproveitamento de todas as vertentes metodológicas, mas pode revelarincoerência (...) de um dado pressuposto teórico.Palavras-chave: Motricidade Humana; Método Integrativo; Transgressão This work was engaged to a hermeneutic approach, analyzed the speeches contained in the texts on the Human Motricity Science, with attention to their research method. The Motricity has its assumptions based on phenomenology, in complex thinking and the historical and dialectical materialism. Perform dialogues with various currents of scientific thought to research suggesting that stem from its integrative theory method. The integrative method converges with the idea of methodological transgression, with an area of exploitation of all methodological approaches, but can prove inconsistency of a given theoretical assumption. (shrink)

Este artigo procura analisar a introdução da justiça restaurativa no contexto educacional, na cidade de Campinas-SP. Desenvolvida sob o enfoque qualitativo, foi realizada com base em entrevistas analisadas a partir do referencial metodológico da história oral de vida. As estatísticas no Estado de São Paulo apontam um crescimento dos registros de violência nas unidades escolares. O objetivo de investigar a justiça restaurativa deve-se ao fato de que esta proposta tem sido executada tendo em vista o arrefecimento da violência e das (...) situações de conflito nas escolas. Nossa expectativa é compreender o que mobiliza o professor a introduzir a justiça restaurativa em sua prática pedagógica. (shrink)

En este artículo se revisan y discuten algunos planteamientos que Ronald Kay desarrolla en Del espacio de acá, señales para una mirada americana, especialmente aquellosque apuntan a poner de relieve la importancia que cobra la entrada en vigencia de la fotografía en la constitución de lo que el autor denomina una “mirada americana”. En particular se revisan dos planteamientos centrales que sobre este asunto desarrolla en el capítulo “La reproducción del Nuevo Mundo”, según los cuales la fotografía temprana en América (...) constituyó, por una parte, un modo de registro “discrónico” y por otra parte se impuso sobre la tradición “fallida” de la pintura, como medio de representación del paisaje y rostro americano. La revisión busca ampliar y actualizar el marco de recepción de las tesis de Kay, tomando como referencia ideas de autores como Navarrete, Chiriboga, Kossoy y Krauss, que más recientemente se han acercado a la historia de la fotografía, tanto global como latinoamericana. (shrink)

O VÍNCULO ENTRE NACIONALIDADE E DIREITOS HUMANOS: UMA ANÁLISE DA APATRIDIA À LUZ DO PENSAMENTO DE HANNAH ARENDT.

O artigo apresenta um estudo teórico sobre o pensamento de Gert Biesta, filósofo e educador holandês, internacionalmente reconhecido como referência no campo da Pedagogia Crítica. Tem como objetivo pôr em discussão o conceito learnification, criado pelo autor e posteriormente traduzido por aprenderismo, considerando ser esse uma importante referência para orientar estudos e práticas na perspectiva de problematizar o discurso educacional dominante. Como método, apresenta um procedimento complementar aos estudos bibliográficos, qual seja, a análise de vídeos referentes a palestras disponibilizadas pelo (...) autor no ambiente virtual YouTube. Com base na Análise Textual Discursiva, foram tomados como objeto de estudo três vídeos, a saber: “Good education in the age of measurement”; “Being home in the world” e “The beautiful risk of education”. Os vídeos correspondem, respectivamente, a palestras realizadas pelo autor, em diferentes eventos educacionais, entre os anos de 2013 e 2017, perfazendo um período de seis anos e contando com um intervalo de dois anos entre cada palestra selecionada. Resulta deste estudo uma compreensão ampliada do conceito, cuja complexidade buscamos expressar a partir de quatro palavras-chave: mensuração, qualificação, mercantilização e egocentrismo. Cada uma das referidas palavras-chave dá pistas para compreender o conceito, bem como para sugerir a continuidade de estudos sobre o pensamento do autor. Nesse sentido, as considerações finais apresentam questionamentos, com vistas ao aprofundamento de estudos, convidando ao diálogo. Como conclusão, reitera-se a importância do pensamento de Gert Biesta e a relevância da compreensão acerca do conceito learnification/aprenderismo, concebendo-o como significativa contribuição para orientar estudos e práticas no campo da Pedagogia Critica, na perspectiva de pensar/fazer uma boa Educação na era da mensuração. (shrink)