Results for 'Brain Campbell'

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  1.  20
    Bifocalism is in the eye of the beholder: Social learning as a developmental response to the accuracy of others' mentalizing.Chloe Campbell & Peter Fonagy - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45:e254.
    This commentary argues the case for developmental psychopathology in understanding social learning. Informed by work on “epistemic disruption,” we have described difficulties with social learning associated with many forms of psychopathology. Epistemic disruption manifests in an inability to move between innovation and conformity, and arises from poor mentalizing, which generates difficulties in identifying social cues that trigger the correct stance.
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  2.  28
    Imposing Death: Religious Witness on Brain Death.Courtney S. Campbell - 2018 - Hastings Center Report 48 (S4):56-59.
    The bioethical, professional, and policy discourse over brain death criteria has been portrayed by some scholars as illustrative of the minimal influence of religious perspectives in bioethics. Three questions then lie at the core of my inquiry: What interests of secular pluralistic societies and the medical profession are advanced in examining religious understandings of criteria for determining death? Can bioethical and professional engagement with religious interpretations of death present substantive insights for policy discussions on neurological criteria for death? And (...)
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  3.  21
    On doing the impossible.Robert L. Campbell - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (3):535-537.
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  4.  29
    Locality, modularity and numerical cognition.Jamie I. D. Campbell - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (1):63-64.
  5.  40
    The general algorithm for adaptation in learning, evolution, and perception.Donald T. Campbell - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (1):178-179.
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  6.  34
    What kind of selection?Anne Campbell - 2009 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32 (3-4):272-273.
    Supporting a mediating role for fear in inhibiting female aggression, a recent study shows that aversion to impulsivity completely mediates the sex difference in direct aggression but not in angry acts where dangerous retaliation is unlikely. A more inclusive use of the term to encompass reproductive advantage would recognise females' crucial role in nurturing and protecting offspring.
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  7.  15
    Numerical abstractness and elementary arithmetic.Jamie Id Campbell & Arron Ws Metcalfe - 2009 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32 (3-4):330 - 331.
    Like number representation, basic arithmetic seems to be a natural candidate for abstract instantiation in the brain. To investigate this, researchers have examined effects of numeral format on elementary arithmetic (e.g., 4+5 vs. four+five). Different numeral formats often recruit distinct processes for arithmetic, reinforcing the conclusion that number processing is not necessarily abstracted away from numeral format.
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  8.  31
    What Do We Need to Know?Robert L. Campbell - 2018 - Journal of Ayn Rand Studies 18 (1):118-163.
    How We Know is intended as a summary (and a modest extension) of Objectivist epistemology. Binswanger's treatment of a wide range of epistemological issues is examined. Because his theory of propositions is inadequate and his philosophy of mind is an extreme form of dualism, Binswanger has added little to previous efforts by “official” Objectivists. As a work of epistemology in the broad sense, Binswanger's effort is fatally impaired. It is undone by his bifurcation between consciousness and the physics of the (...)
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  9.  52
    If human cognition is adaptive, can human knowledge consist of encodings?Robert L. Campbell & Mark H. Bickhard - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (3):488-489.
  10.  17
    Consciousness, brain-child.Percy Alfonso Campbell - 1933 - East Cleveland, Ohio,: East Cleveland, Ohio.
  11.  13
    Culture and causal inference: The impact of cultural differences on the generalisability of findings from Mendelian randomisation studies.Amy Campbell, Marcus R. Munafò, Hannah M. Sallis, Rebecca M. Pearson & Daniel Smith - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45:e158.
    Cultural effects can influence the results of causal genetic analyses, such as Mendelian randomisation, but the potential influences of culture on genotype–phenotype associations are not currently well understood. Different genetic variants could be associated with different phenotypes in different populations, or culture could confound or influence the direction of the association between genotypes and phenotypes in different populations.
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  12. Anomalous monism.Neil Campbell - manuscript
    identity theory , usually attributed to J.J.C. Smart (Smart, 1959) and U.T. Place (Place, 1956), claimed that kinds of mental states are identical to kinds of brain states. Sensations of pain, for instance, were said to be identical to the firing of C-fibres or some such type of neurological state. According to this view, then, pain, conceived as a _kind_ of mental state, is said to be _reduced_ to a certain kind of neurological state. The reduction envisaged here was (...)
     
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  13.  84
    Improving Cognitive Workload in Radiation Therapists: A Pilot EEG Neurofeedback Study.Alana M. Campbell, Matthew Mattoni, Mae Nicopolis Yefimov, Karthik Adapa & Lukasz M. Mazur - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    Radiation therapy therapists face challenging daily tasks that leave them prone to high attrition and burnout and subsequent deficits in performance. Here, we employed an accelerated alpha-theta neurofeedback protocol that is implementable in a busy medical workplace to test if 12 RTTs could learn the protocol and exhibit behavior and brain performance-related benefits. Following the 3-week protocol, participants showed a decrease in subjective cognitive workload and a decrease in response time during a performance task, as well as a decrease (...)
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  14.  30
    Social and psychological influences on hypnotic behavior.Campbell Perry & Jean-Roch Laurence - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):478-479.
  15.  74
    Knowing levels and the child's understanding of mind.Robert L. Campbell & Mark H. Bickhard - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):33-34.
  16.  49
    Testable corollaries, a conceptual error, and neural correlates of Grush's synthesis.Thomas G. Campbell & John D. Pettigrew - 2004 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27 (3):398-400.
    As fundamental researchers in the neuroethology of efference copy, we were stimulated by Grush's bold and original synthesis. In the following critique, we draw attention to ways in which it might be tested in the future, we point out an avoidable conceptual error concerning emulation that Grush seems to share with other workers in the field, and we raise questions about the neural correlates of Grush's schemata that might be probed by neurophysiologists.
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  17.  18
    The neurobiology of violence : science and law.Colin Campbell & Nigel Eastman - 2012 - In Sarah Richmond, Geraint Rees & Sarah J. L. Edwards (eds.), I know what you're thinking: brain imaging and mental privacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 139.
  18. What was Huxley's epiphenomenalism?Neil Campbell - 2001 - Biology and Philosophy 16 (3):357-375.
    Thomas Huxley is often identified as the originator of the doctrineknown as ``epiphenomenalism,'' but there appears to be littleappreciation for the details of Huxley's theory. In particular,conflicting interpretations show that there is uncertainty about twoaspects of his position: whether mental states are completelywithout causal powers or simply have no influence on the behavior theyare typically taken to explain, and whether conscious epiphenomena arethemselves physical states of the brain or immaterial items. I clarifythese issues and show that Huxley's brand of (...)
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  19.  24
    Epistemic trust and unchanging personal narratives.Chloe Campbell & Peter Fonagy - 2023 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 46:e87.
    Focusing on imagination and the social context in the generation of conviction narratives, we propose that these elements are dynamically related to one another, and crucially that it is the nature of this relationship that determines individuals' level of epistemic openness and capacity to respond adaptively to update their narratives in a way that increases the possibility of more successful decision-making.
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  20.  92
    Can you survive a brain-zap?Scott Campbell - 2004 - Theoria 70 (1):22-27.
  21.  36
    Patientissimus veri B. levick: Vespasian . Pp. xli + 310, 9 maps, 34 pls. London and new York: Routledge, 1999. Cased, £25. Isbn: 0-415-16618-. [REVIEW]Brain Campbell - 2000 - The Classical Review 50 (02):520-.
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  22.  45
    When Is Deep Brain Stimulation a Medical Benefit, and What Is Required for Consent?Sven Nyholm & Stephen M. Campbell - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 7 (3):150-152.
    Hübner and White argue that we should not administer DBS to psychopathic prisoners. While we are sympathetic to their conclusion, we argue that the authors’ two central arguments for this conclusion are problematic. Their first argument appeals to an overly restrictive conception of individual medical benefit: namely, that an individual medical benefit must alleviate subjective suffering. We highlight cases that clearly constitute individual medical benefits although there is no relief of subjective suffering. The second argument depends on an overly restrictive (...)
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  23.  14
    Sign, language, and gesture in the brain: Some comments.Ruth Campbell & Bencie Woll - 2017 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40.
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  24.  49
    Why a Market in Organs is Inevitably Unethical.Alastair V. Campbell - 2016 - Asian Bioethics Review 8 (3):164-176.
    In this paper I shall be arguing against the claim made by Erin and Harris and others, that creating a “regulated market” in organs for transplantation taken from living vendors is both viable practically and a moral imperative. No-one can doubt that there is currently a crisis in the provision of organs for transplantation, with a massive gap between supply and demand. There are a number of reasons for this crisis. Since its development as a life-saving measure in the second (...)
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  25.  52
    Finland's galapagos: Founder effect, drift, and isolation in the inheritance of susceptibility alleles.Tom Campbell, Daria Osipova & Seppo Kähkönen - 2006 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29 (4):409-410.
    The target article excludes ancestral neutrality as a cause for the inheritance of schizophrenia, with an argument relating to selection against a single allele in the Finnish population. However, drift would predominate over selection within subisolates of the Finnish population. Comparisons of subisolates with heterogeneous populations may provide clues to the endophenotypic structure of complex polygenetic heritable mental disorders. (Published Online November 9 2006).
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  26.  39
    The last days of discord? Evolution and culture as accounts of female–female aggression.Anne Campbell - 1999 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (2):237-246.
    When aggression is conceptualised in terms of a cost-benefit ratio, sex differences are best understood by a consideration of female costs as well as male benefits. Benefits must be extremely high to outweigh the greater costs borne by females, and circumstances where this occurs are discussed. Achievement of dominance is not such a circumstance and evidence bearing upon women's egalitarian relationships is reviewed. Attempts to explain sex differences in terms of sexual dimorphism, sex-of-target effects, social control, and socialisation are found (...)
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  27. Harvesting the living?: Separating brain death and organ transplantation.Courtney S. Campbell - 2004 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 14 (3):301-318.
    : The chronic shortage of transplantable organs has reached critical proportions. In the wake of this crisis, some bioethicists have argued there is sufficient public support to expand organ recovery through use of neocortical criteria of death or even pre-mortem organ retrieval. I present a typology of ways in which data gathered from the public can be misread or selectively used by bioethicists in service of an ideological or policy agenda, resulting in bad policy and bad ethics. Such risks should (...)
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  28.  42
    Levels of organization, selection, and information storage in biological and social evaluation.Donald T. Campbell - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (2):236-237.
  29.  26
    Parcellation theory: New wine in old wineskins.C. B. G. Campbell - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (3):334-335.
  30.  27
    Pain is three-dimensional, inner, and occurrent.Keith Campbell - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (1):56-57.
  31.  13
    Deep Brain Stimulation for Childhood Treatment-Resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Mental Health Clinician Views on Candidacy Factors.Ilona Cenolli, Tiffany A. Campbell, Natalie Dorfman, Meghan Hurley, Jared N. Smith, Kristin Kostick-Quenet, Eric A. Storch, Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby & Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz - 2025 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 16 (1):32-41.
    Introduction Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is approved under a humanitarian device exemption to manage treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (TR-OCD) in adults. It is possible that DBS may be trialed or used clinically off-label in children and adolescents with TR-OCD in the future. DBS is already used to manage treatment-resistant childhood dystonia. Evidence suggests it is a safe and effective intervention for certain types of dystonia. Important questions remain unanswered about the use of DBS in children and adolescents with TR-OCD, including (...)
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  32. Does the perception of moving eyes trigger reflexive visual orienting in autism? Swettenham, Condie, Campbell & Milne & Coleman - 2004 - In Uta Frith & Elisabeth L. Hill (eds.), Autism: Mind and Brain. Oxford University Press.
  33. Staying alive: Evolution, culture, and women's intrasexual aggression.Anne Campbell - 1999 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (2):203-214.
    Females' tendency to place a high value on protecting their own lives enhanced their reproductive success in the environment of evolutionary adaptation because infant survival depended more upon maternal than on paternal care and defence. The evolved mechanism by which the costs of aggression (and other forms of risk taking) are weighted more heavily for females may be a lower threshold for fear in situations which pose a direct threat of bodily injury. Females' concern with personal survival also has implications (...)
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  34.  18
    Cognitive control and automatic interference in mind and brain: A unified model of saccadic inhibition and countermanding.Aline Bompas, Anne Eileen Campbell & Petroc Sumner - 2020 - Psychological Review 127 (4):524-561.
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  35. A no-brainer: Criticisms of brain-based standards of death.Courtney S. Campbell - 2001 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 26 (5):539 – 551.
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  36.  68
    Discussion: Philosophy and brain physiology.Charles A. Campbell - 1953 - Philosophical Quarterly 3 (10):51.
  37.  49
    Adrenarche and Middle Childhood.Benjamin C. Campbell - 2011 - Human Nature 22 (3):327-349.
    Middle childhood, the period from 6 to 12 years of age, is defined socially by increasing autonomy and emotional regulation, somatically by the development of anatomical structures for subsistence, and endocrinologically by adrenarche, the adrenal production of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Here I suggest that DHEA plays a key role in the coordinated development of the brain and body beginning with middle childhood, via energetic allocation. I argue that with adrenarche, increasing levels of circulating DHEA act to down-regulate the release of (...)
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  38.  23
    Problem solution by monkeys following bilateral removal of the prefrontal areas. V. Spatial delayed reactions.R. J. Campbell & H. F. Harlow - 1945 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 35 (2):110.
  39.  29
    Evolutionary and ecological aspects of early brain malnutrition in humans.William D. Lukas & Benjamin C. Campbell - 2000 - Human Nature 11 (1):1-26.
    This article reviews the effects of malnutrition on early brain development using data generated from animal experiments and human clinical studies. Three related processes, each with their own functional consequences, are implicated in the alteration of brain development. (1) Maternal undernutrition at the start of pregnancy results in reduced transfer of nutrients across the placenta, allowing the conservation of effort for future reproductive episodes. (2) Differential allocation to growing organs by the fetus in response to nutritional stress spares (...)
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  40. Educational Neuroscience: Motivations, methodology, and implications.Stephen R. Campbell - 2011 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 43 (1):7-16.
    ‘What does the brain have to do with learning?’Prima facie, this may seem like a strange thing for anyone to say, especially educational scholars, researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. There are, however, valid objections to injecting various and sundry neuroscientific considerations piecemeal into the vast field of education. These objections exist in a variety of dimensions. After providing a working definition for educational neuroscience, identifying the ‘mindbrain’ as the proper object of study thereof, I discuss, dispel or dismiss some (...)
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  41.  34
    Toward a cognitive science of category learning.Robert L. Campbell & Wendy A. Kellogg - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (4):652-653.
  42.  37
    Ambivalently held group-optimizing predispositions.Donald T. Campbell & John B. Gatewood - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):614-614.
  43.  15
    Primitive survivors and neocortical evolution.C. B. G. Campbell - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (1):90-91.
  44.  4
    Collective selfhood as a psychically necessary illusion.Peter Fonagy & Chloe Campbell - 2024 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 47:e178.
    Drawing on developmental psychopathology and thinking about the we-mode of social cognition, we propose that historical myths – be they on the scale of the family, the nation, or an ethnic group – are an expression and function of our need to join with other minds. As such, historical myths are one cognitive technology used to facilitate social learning, the transmission of culture and the relational mentalizing that underpins social and emotional functioning.
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  45.  12
    Seeing speech is special.Ruth Campbell - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (4):758-759.
  46.  31
    Discarding locality assumptions: Problems and prospects.Ruth Campbell - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (1):64-65.
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  47.  67
    Sociopathy or hyper-masculinity?Anne Campbell - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (3):548-549.
    Definitional slippage threatens to equate secondary sociopathy with mere criminality and leaves the status of noncriminal sociopaths ambiguous. Primary sociopathy appears to show more environmental contingency than would be implied by a strong genetic trait approach. A reinterpretation in terms of hypermasculinity and hypofemininity is compatible with the data.
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  48. Modality and abstract concepts.Fred Adams & Kenneth Campbell - 1999 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (4):610-610.
    Our concerns fall into three areas: (1) Barsalou fails to make clear what simulators are (vs. what they do); (2) activation of perceptual areas of the brain during thought does not distinguish between the activation's being constitutive of concepts or a mere causal consequence (Barsalou needs the former); and (3) Barsalou's attempt to explain how modal symbols handle abstraction fails.
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  49.  18
    Gesture, Speech, and Sign.Lynn S. Messing & Ruth Campbell (eds.) - 1999 - Oxford University Press UK.
    Gestures are a special sort of action. They communicate the individual's moods and desires to the world and they operate under different psychological and cognitive constraints to other actions. The connections between gesture and language - spoken and signed - pose some fascinating questions. How intimately are gesture and language connected? Did one evolve from the other? To what extent are they similarly processed in the brain? In what ways are signed languages akin to spoken language and gestures? Gesture, (...)
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  50.  23
    Brain Vital Signs Detect Cognitive Improvements During Combined Physical Therapy and Neuromodulation in Rehabilitation From Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Report.Shaun D. Fickling, Trevor Greene, Debbie Greene, Zack Frehlick, Natasha Campbell, Tori Etheridge, Christopher J. Smith, Fabio Bollinger, Yuri Danilov, Rowena Rizzotti, Ashley C. Livingstone, Bimal Lakhani & Ryan C. N. D’Arcy - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14:560042.
    Using a longitudinal case study design, we have tracked the recovery of motor function following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) through a multimodal neuroimaging approach. In 2006, Canadian Soldier Captain (retired) Trevor Greene (TG) was attacked with an axe to the head while on tour in Afghanistan. TG continues intensive daily rehabilitation, which recently included the integration of physical therapy (PT) with neuromodulation using translingual neurostimulation (TLNS) to facilitate neuroplasticity. Recent findings with PT+TLNS demonstrated that recovery of motor function (...)
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