El presente artículo tiene como objetivo plantear que la obra de Jorge González –considerando en esta a su música (canciones, álbumes y colaboraciones), su iconografía (videos, portadas de discos y estética visual en general), así como su discursividad y rol público–, o lo que llamaremos su locus de enunciación, produce una síntesis de la música popular chilena. Desde el disco La voz de los 80, González permite replantear la inscripción crítica de la historia de la música popular chilena, desde los (...) años 60 hasta el presente (de ahí su carácter de «bisagra»), pero también al producir un encuentro singular entre la tradición lírica que cimentó la Nueva Canción Chilena con el primer movimiento de pop en Chile, que se llamó La Nueva Ola (en esto consistiría la «síntesis»). No obstante, esta lectura es efecto de los acontecimientos políticos ocurridos en Chile durante la revuelta de octubre del 2019 hasta el inicio de la pandemia, donde Jorge González se elevó como ícono y algunas de sus canciones fueron coreadas e interpretadas en las masivas protestas. Finalmente, este desplazamiento constituye una importante resistencia crítica a la cultura neoliberal, que trató de borrar, desde los años 80, el pasado musical anterior. (shrink)

Studies of food waste claim that its main causes are technological and logistical deficiencies in the first stages of the agri-food chain. The present article discusses this statement using a specific case as a starting point: the production of fruit in Lleida (Catalonia, Spain). Since the 1980s, fruit production in this region has undergone a process of innovation and development. However, the agents who participate in the sector claim that the wasted volume of edible foodstuffs is greater than in previous (...) times. This article argues that studies of food waste do not consider the power relations existing within the agri-food chain. When these relations are asymmetrical, technological innovation and logistics optimisation do not improve the efficiency of the system; rather, they help the hegemonic players to monopolise the commercial margin and transfer some of their running costs to the weaker agents. The ethnographic data for the study were obtained between 2017 and 2019 using qualitative research techniques. (shrink)

We introduce type-theoretic algebraic weak factorisation systems and show how they give rise to homotopy-theoretic models of Martin-Löf type theory. This is done by showing that the comprehension category associated with a type-theoretic algebraic weak factorisation system satisfies the assumptions necessary to apply a right adjoint method for splitting comprehension categories. We then provide methods for constructing several examples of type-theoretic algebraic weak factorisation systems, encompassing the existing groupoid and cubical sets models, as well as new models based on normal (...) fibrations. (shrink)

En este artículo se presenta el concepto de ¿Buen Vivir¿ (Sumak Kawsay) plasmado en la nueva Constitución del Ecuador, como proceso de construcción de contrahegemonía. Para ello, se analiza el desarrollo constitucional del concepto desde las perspectivas económica, social, cultural y ambiental. Lueg..

This article explores the concept of Habit proposed by Deleuze in his early work. When reading is projected from the empiricist tradition and that is why Hume is mainly the author from which Deleuze develops this concept, although he also traverses the thought of Bergson, Ravaisson or Samuel Butler. Our objective is to point out to what extent habit constitutes an essential principle of its metaphysics, by posing it as a peculiar synthesis of time and subjectivity. Therefore, we have tried (...) to link the analyzes described in both Empirisme et subjectivité and Différence et répétition to realize that the problem of temporal syntheses is fundamental to what Deleuze postulates as “transcendental empiricism” in that last book. (shrink)

Nos proponemos indagar y delimitar, un período determinado de producción fílmica de Raúl Ruiz, realizada en Chile durante la década recién pasada. Ruiz instalará un tipo de narración fílmica inspirado en el rescate de algunos cuentos populares, y de una cierta literatura chilena de fines del siglo xix y principios del xx. Si a mediados de los años 90, en su primera Poética del cine, insistió en resistir al modelo impuesto por el cine industrial, de que la narración determina a (...) la imagen, con esta serie de films que trabajaremos, dará cuenta de una singular manera de narración en que la imagen se convierte en un principio determinante. Es así, que la narración que promoverá Ruiz, es una búsqueda de los restos o vestigios de experiencias que no forman parte de ningún tipo de Historia nacional de carácter monumental, ya que pueden ser transmitidos no desde una imagen relatada del pasado, sino que a partir de su transmisión deviene una imagen permanente pero inactual. Esta imagen es nuestro objetivo, ya que es una construcción de un tipo de narración singular que posee un vínculo indisociable a una relación temática y estética con Chile. (shrink)

En 1953 Deleuze publica su primer libro, llamado Empirisme et subjetivité. Essai sur la nature humain selon Hume. Deleuze señala en primer lugar una afirmación distinta con respecto al empirismo de Hume, es decir, señalar que el empirismo es definible a partir de una relación intrínseca con los sentidos, y que el conocimiento, en primera instancia, proviene de ellos. Lo que advertirá Deleuze es que el empirismo debe ser definido, antes que todo, en relación con el problema de la subjetividad. (...) El empirismo constituirá una doctrina que plantea que la subjetividad no está dada, sino que, más bien, debe ser producida o constituida (a esto le llamaremos una génesis de la subjetividad). ¿De qué manera se produce la génesis? A través de la acción de ciertos principios que son extensivos a la naturaleza humana: la pasión y la asociación. El Hume de Deleuze versará sobre dicho movimiento, y le permitirá al autor francés elaborar un primer índice de su metafísica, o lo que llamará, unos años después, empirismo trascendental. (shrink)

Bernardi Perini, G. Aceto italico e poesia luciliana: Hor. Sat. I 7.--Bernardinello, S. Bessarione riassume la Fisica di Aristotele.--Bottecchia, M. E. I Mechanicha di Aristotele nel Parisinus graecus 2507.--Bottin, L. La tradizione araba della Retorica di Aristotele e il problema dell'exemplar decurtatum.--Chiereghin, F. Analogie di struttura tra la metodologia della storiografia filosofica di Platone e di Kant.--Ciani, M. G. Poesia come enigma.--Degani, E. Hippon. fr. 40 Med.--Donaldi, F. Note preparatorie all'edizione dell'Encomio di Elena gorgiano nella traduzione latina inedita di Pietro (...) Bembo.--Fumarola, V. Euripide e la tetralogia della femminilità.--Gentilini, A. Una consolatoria inedita del Bessarione.--Ghinatti, F. I culti greci di Paestum.--Longo, O. Note all'Elena e alle Nuvole.--Lunelli, A. Solis rota.--Meschini, A. Su alcuni luoghi del Reso.--Mignucci, M. In margine al concetto aristotelico di esistenza.--Mioni, E. L'Antologia greca da Massimo Planude a Marco Musuro.--Pianezzola, E. Haurio=ferio, perfodio. Un calco omerico mediato dagli scolii.--Pontani, F. M. La distruzione di Melos di Ghiannis Ritsos.--Rinaldi Mioni, G. Aspetto verbale nel greco classico e strutturalismo.--Riondato, E. Problematicità semantica ed etica nell'Etica a Nicomaco.--Serra, G. Alcune osservazioni sulle traduzioni dall'arabo in ebraico e in latino del De generatione et corruptione di Aristotele e dello pseudo-aristotelico Liber de causis.--Traina, A. Convexo nutantem pondere mundum (Verg. Ecl. 4,50).--Valentini, R. La reintroduzione dell'onciale e la datazione dei manoscritti greci in minuscola. (shrink)

Güinope, Honduras was the site of a highly acclaimed people-centered development project in the 1980s. The ACORDE/Ministry of Natural Resource/World Neighbors Integrated Development Program (IDP) was unique for its time, since rather than relying on technology transfer, it promoted innovation skills for local generation of responses to needs. Furthermore, it was one of the first efforts in Latin America to employ villagers as principal agents of change. Fifteen years after the inception of the IDP and ten years after its completion, (...) the authors interviewed farmers in their fields and held a series of participatory workshops over eighteen months with ten outstanding farmers who had become project leaders. The leaders identified influential factors behind their involvement and produced recommendations for rural development interventions. Further, a generalized concept map typifying ideal characteristics for farmer promoters was constructed. Recommendations for development agencies centered on project design and implementation, demanding a methodology for strengthening local innovative capacities, participation, and control over resources. Ultimately, the leaders downplayed the role of technologies in rural development and called for special attention to enabling communities to confront external pressures, in particular recent government ``modernization'' policies, that they felt threatened community livelihood. (shrink)

v. 1. Ensino secundário e médio -- v. 2. Estudos sobre o ensino primário -- Planejamento educacional e contribuições à educação do futuro.

Rationale, aims and objectives Given the increasing prevalence of cataract and demand for cataract extraction surgery, patients must often wait to undergo this procedure. We validated a previously developed priority scoring system in terms of clinical variables, pre-intervention health status, appropriateness of surgery and gain in visual acuity (VA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Methods Explicit prioritization criteria for cataract extraction created by a variation of the Research and Development (RAND) and University of California Los Angeles appropriateness methodology were retrospectively (...) applied to a prospective cohort of 5257 patients on waiting lists to undergo cataract by phacoemulsification at 17 hospitals in Spain. Demographic data, clinical data and data related to surgical technique were collected by trained ophthalmologists. Patients were evaluated by their ophthalmologist before the intervention and 6 weeks afterward. They also completed, by mail, the Visual Function Index (VF-14) before the intervention and 3 months afterward.Results High-priority patients experienced greater improvement in VA and HRQoL than those classified as intermediate or low-priority (P < 0.0001), even after adjusting by VA and the VF-14 score at baseline. The time to intervention was the same for high-priority patients as it was for intermediate and low-priority patients.Conclusions The priority score we developed identified patients most likely to experience the greatest improvements from cataract extraction. Use of this tool could provide a fairer and more rational way to prioritize patients for cataract extraction. (shrink)

Many pagan, Jewish, Christian and Muslim philosophers from Antiquity to the Enlightenment made no meaningful distinction between philosophy and religion. Instead they advocated a philosophical religion, arguing that God is Reason and that the historical forms of a religious tradition serve as philosophy's handmaid to promote the life of reason among non-philosophers. Carlos Fraenkel provides the first account of this concept and traces its history back to Plato. He shows how Jews and Christians appropriated it in Antiquity, follows it (...) through the Middle Ages in both Islamic and Jewish forms and argues that it underlies Spinoza's interpretation of Christianity. The main challenge to a philosophical religion comes from the modern view that all human beings are equally able to order their lives rationally and hence need no guidance from religion. Fraenkel's wide-ranging book will appeal to anyone interested in how philosophy has interacted with Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religious traditions. (shrink)

A distinguished international team of scholars under the editorship of Carlo Natali have collaborated to produce a systematic, chapter-by-chapter study of one of the most influential texts in the history of moral philosophy. The seventh book of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics discusses weakness of will in its first ten chapters, then turns in the last four chapters to pleasure and its relation to the supreme human good.

Ricordo di Carlo Ascheri, di F. Cerutti.--Note sulla vita di Giovanni Francesco Sannazari della Ripa (1480c.-1535) fino al lettorato avignonese, di M. Ascheri.--Noterelle machiavelliane, di N. Badaloni.--Un argumento consolatorio dell'Assioco nella tradizione platonica, di A. Cardini.--Zeller i Feuerbach, di C. Cesa.-- Ludwig Feuerbach in den Buberschen Sicht, di I. Dubský.--Lo Short tract on first principles di Hobbes e la metafisica della luce di Roberto Grossatesta, di A.G. Gargani.--Un letterato e una strega al principio dell'500: Panfilo Sasso e Anastasia la Fraappona, (...) di C. Ginzburg. (shrink)

The complex world of thought and sensitivity in the sphere of contemporary art has entailed the revision and exclusion of disciplines aimed at providing a model to explain and conceptualize reality. Art history, as one such discipline, has had many of its contributions questioned from Gombrich’s epistemological reformulation to the postmodern discourses, which extol the death of the author, the post-structuralist idea of tradition as a textual phenomenon, and the declaration of the death of history as a consequence of the (...) hybridization of disciplines and of other bran- ches of human knowledge. Nevertheless, it can be demonstrated that proposals as those by Julius von Schlosser and Giulio Carlo Argan enclose reflections and methodological aspects which can help us face the task of understanding and visualizing the mediating role of historians in the culture of sensitivity, and the art modulations that have resulted from the blows of history and that, in turn, have shaped both art and art history into what they are or can be to us today. (shrink)

In this paper I will discuss Edmund Husserl’s critique of Franz Brentano’s interpretation of categorical judgments as Double Judgments (Doppelurteile). This will be developed mostly as an internal critique, within the framework of the school of Brentano, and not through a direct contrast with Husserl’s own theory of judgment, as presented e.g. in the Fifth Investigation. Already during the 1890s Husserl overcame the psychologistic aspects of Brentano’s approach, advocating the importance of analysing the logical structure underlying language independently from psychology. (...) Moreover, Husserl’s critique seems to be also applicable to Bertrand Russell’s analysis, which shares an important aspect of Brentano’s theory. I will try to avoid going too deep into the various theories of judgment and keep mostly to the issue of double judgments. (shrink)

Many of the computing systems programmed using Machine Learning are opaque: it is difficult to know why they do what they do or how they work. Explainable Artificial Intelligence aims to develop analytic techniques that render opaque computing systems transparent, but lacks a normative framework with which to evaluate these techniques’ explanatory successes. The aim of the present discussion is to develop such a framework, paying particular attention to different stakeholders’ distinct explanatory requirements. Building on an analysis of “opacity” from (...) philosophy of science, this framework is modeled after accounts of explanation in cognitive science. The framework distinguishes between the explanation-seeking questions that are likely to be asked by different stakeholders, and specifies the general ways in which these questions should be answered so as to allow these stakeholders to perform their roles in the Machine Learning ecosystem. By applying the normative framework to recently developed techniques such as input heatmapping, feature-detector visualization, and diagnostic classification, it is possible to determine whether and to what extent techniques from Explainable Artificial Intelligence can be used to render opaque computing systems transparent and, thus, whether they can be used to solve the Black Box Problem. (shrink)

The Polish logician Roman Suszko has extensively pleaded in the 1970s for a restatement of the notion of many-valuedness. According to him, as he would often repeat, “there are but two logical values, true and false.” As a matter of fact, a result by W´ojcicki-Lindenbaum shows that any tarskian logic has a many-valued semantics, and results by Suszko-da Costa-Scott show that any many-valued semantics can be reduced to a two-valued one. So, why should one even consider using logics with more (...) than two values? Because, we argue, one has to decide how to deal with bivalence and settle down the tradeoff between logical 2-valuedness and truth-functionality, from a pragmatical standpoint. -/- This paper will illustrate the ups and downs of a two-valued reduction of logic. Suszko’s reductive result is quite non-constructive.We will exhibit here a way of effectively constructing the two-valued semantics of any logic that has a truth-functional finite-valued semantics and a sufficiently expressive language. From there, as we will indicate, one can easily go on to provide those logics with adequate canonical systems of sequents or tableaux. The algorithmic methods developed here can be generalized so as to apply to many non-finitely valued logics as well —or at least to those that admit of computable quasi tabular two-valued semantics, the so-called dyadic semantics. (shrink)

In the so-called knowledge society, communication plays a key role in organizations. In traditional societies, the exchange of personal communication was conducted _face to face_. The development of new technologies has expanded the possibilities of transmitting more information within organizations and faster. Technology has brought greater opportunities for collective communication, as well as greater information management. The impact of these factors has led to some very significant changes in the business world. In these processes of change, within organizations, the role (...) of communication is increasingly playing a critical role. This article defends the relevance of ethical communication in 21st Century leadership. It is argued that leaders will find in ethical communication the means of gaining credibility and the confidence of their most immediate collaborators, their teams, the organizations they lead and the society in which the company operates. Taking the fundamental structure between internal and external communication as a starting point, the article describes the necessary conditions for leadership to develop ethical communication. It establishes the general and common characteristics of people-centered ethical communication, both as individuals and teams. Furthermore, it identifies the conditions that must generate ethical external communication through which leaders can convey messages to their target audience. For this purpose, the article is structured into the following sections: 1. The importance of communication within organizations. 2. Two levels of communication. 3. What is required of a leader-communicator in order to communicate well? 4. The basic Q&A of communication. (shrink)

Al asomarme a este texto descubro la disposición personal que anima su vocación pedagógica, y que cada uno de los lectores podrá advertir apenas comience a transitar su lectura. Si bien muchas de sus reflexiones convergen en lo que llamaríamos una propuesta clásica en la materia, esta convergencia está tematizada con cierta originalidad en dos aspectos: 1) por la lectura hermenéutica de los problemas, y 2), por su abordaje al objetivo pedagógico que alienta su vocación. Al respecto, no deja de (...) sorprendernos la invitación reiterada que formula al lector a fin de que atienda el ejemplo complementario a un contenido, al punto que uno tiene la sensación de estar en plena clase con la guía de un docente, quien con dedicada solicitud acompaña la problemática teórica con ejemplos adecuados para una mejor comprensión. En realidad, esta particular propedéutica que anima al autor se completa con explicar oportunamente un abordaje abiertamente hermenéutico a los mismos problemas, curiosidad que desarrolla específicamente en la segunda parte de la obra. Pero el punto exacto de su propósito queda resumido en este párrafo: "introduzco un tema que vertebra todo el texto: la vinculación del conocimiento científico con el provisto por el mundo de la vida". H. Daniel Dei Carlos Emilio Gende tiene a su cargo cátedras de Epistemología y Filosofía del lenguaje en carreras de la Universidad Nacional del Comahue, donde dirige el Proyecto "Aplicaciones del concepto de interpretación: percepción, metáfora y texto". Conferencista en Universidades del extranjero y Profesor invitado al Doctorado en Filosofía de la Universidad de Lanús. Dirige la revista Horizontes filosóficos, del Centro de estudios en Filosofía de las ciencias y Hermenéutica filosófica del Comahue e integra los comités académicos de varias revistas. Es autor de Lenguaje e interpretación en Paul Ricoeur (2007) y La interpretación de las metáforas (2019), ambos publicados por esta editorial. PROMETEO LIBROS ARGENTINA Este libro contiene el desarrollo de los siguientes temas, entre otros: - La legitimación filosófica del conocimiento científico - El conocimiento vehiculizado en proposiciones verdaderas - Las ciencias fácticas como resultado de una clasificación - El lenguaje como uno de los procesos semióticos - Dimensión pragmática: los usos o funciones del lenguaje - La dimensión semántica: el caso de la definición - De la abstracción perceptiva a la abstracción conceptual - El inductivismo: rasgos y deficiencias - El falsacionismo: versión superadora - Las razones de los problemas - Supuestos filosóficos de una mentalidad científica Con este libro usted podrá explorar mas sobre esta interesante faceta de las ciencias. ¡Adquiera ya este libro y aproveche este completo análisis! TAGS: conocimiento científico, enfoque hermenéutico, dimensión semántica, falsacionismo, abstracción, filosofía, ciencias fácticas. (shrink)

Este artículo examina algunos de los problemas que presenta el tratamiento lógico de las obligaciones prima facie en la obra de Carlos Alchourrón. Por una parte, señalaremos que su sistema para los condicionales derrotables DFT no formaliza adecuadamente la noción intuitiva de condición contribuyente que Alchourrón utiliza para elucidar la de condicional derrotable. Por otra parte, argumentaremos que la noción de deber prima facie de David Ross no queda adecuadamente formalizada en el sistema AD de lógica deóntica que Alchourrón (...) construye como una extensión de DFT. This paper deals with some problems concerning the logical treatment of prima facie obligations in the work of Carlos Alchourrón. On the one hand, we will argue that his DFT system for defeasible conditionals does not adequately formalize the intuitive notion of contributory condition used by Alchourrón to elucidate the notion of defeasible conditional. On the other hand, we will argue that David Ross' notion of prima facie duty is not adequately formalized in Alchourrón' s deontic system AD, an extension of his DFT logic. (shrink)

MASMELA. Carlos. Hegel: la desgraciada reconciliación del espíritu. Madrid: Editorial Trotta, 2001, 185 p.

RésuméGian-Carlo Rota est l’un des rares grands mathématiciens de la deuxième moitié du XX e siècle dont l’intérêt pour la logique formelle soit aussi ouvertement déclaré et ne se soit jamais démenti, depuis sa formation d’étudiant à Princeton jusqu’à ses derniers écrits. Plus exceptionnel encore, il fait partie des rares lecteurs assidus de Husserl à s’être aperçu que la phé-noménologie poursuivait un projet de réforme de la logique formelle. L’article propose d’attester l’existence d’un tel projet chez Husserl ; d’en examiner (...) la réappropriation et les prolongements chez Rota.Gian-Carlo Rota is among the few great mathematicians of the second-half of the XXth century whose interest in formal logic is openly declared and has never flagged, since his training as a student in Princeton up to his last writings. Even more exceptional, he belongs to the rare diligent readers of Husserl, who noticed that phenomenology was pursuing a project of reform of formal logic. This paper propose to testify to the existence of such a project in Husserl; to examine how it is taken over and continued by Rota. Gian-Carlo Rota è uno dei pochi grandi matematici della seconda metà del ventesimo secolo, il cui interesse per la logica formale è, dalla sua formazione come studente a Princeton al suo ultimi scritti, apertamente dichiarato e mai negato. Cosa ancora più eccezionale, Rota è uno dei rari lettori assidui di Husserl ad aver percepito che la fenomenologia stava perseguendo un progetto di riforma della logica formale. L’articolo propone di attestare l’esistenza di un tale progetto in Husserl e di esaminare la sua riappropriazione e le sue estensioni proposte da Gian-Carlo Rota.This article is in French. (shrink)