En el presente escrito se intentará explicar de manera estructurada la compleja propuesta del filósofo francés Jacques Rancière acerca del vínculo entre el arte y la política, para luego llevar a cabo una consideración crítica de dicha postura.

Distinct sources of stress have emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. Particularly, fear is expected to generate significant psychological burden on individuals and influence on either unsafe behavior that may hinder recovery efforts or virus-mitigating behaviors. However, little is known about the properties of measures to capture them in research and clinical settings. To resolve this gap, we evaluated the psychometric properties of a novel measure of fear of illness and viruses and tested its predictive value for future development of distress. (...) We extracted a random sample of 450 Chilean adult participants from a large cross-sectional survey panel and invited to participate in this intensive longitudinal study for 35 days. Of these, 163 ended up enrolling in the study after the demanding nature of the measurement schedule was clearly explained to them. For this final sample, we calculated different Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) to evaluate the preliminary proposed structure for the instrument. Complementarily, we conducted a content analysis of the items to qualitatively extract its latent structure, which was also subject to empirical test via CFA. Results indicated that the original structure did not fit the data well; however, the new proposed structure based on the content analysis did. Overall, the modified instrument showed good reliability through all subscales both by its internal consistency with Cronbach’s alphas ranging from 0.814 to 0.913, and with test–retest correlations ranging from 0.715 to 0.804. Regarding its convergent validity, individuals who scored higher in fears tended to also score higher in depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms at baseline. Furthermore, higher fears at baseline predicted a higher score in posttraumatic stress symptomatology 7 days later. These results provide evidence for the validity, reliability, and predictive performance of the scale. As the scale is free and multidimensional potentially not circumscribed to COVID-19, it might work as a step toward understanding the psychological impact of current and future pandemics, or further life-threatening health situations of similar characteristics. Limitations, practical implications, and future directions for research are discussed. (shrink)

Vaccine-sensitive rationing falls into the problematic tendency in bioethics to present one’s research as neutral and simply surveying the field, all while (1) assuming the permanence of capitalism...

An action research project was carried out, using theater workshops and basic digital fabrication technology workshops to improve social skills—such as the expression of emotions, communication, self-control, and teamwork—in a group of 10 young individuals with autism spectrum disorder. This article focuses on the digital fabrication workshops, where participants worked on the fundamentals of electronics and programming, as well as 3D design and printing, to make props that were later used on stage in the theatrical performances in which they participated. (...) These workshops were systematized through observation guides. According to the results, it was evident that the participants not only enjoyed and gained technological knowledge, but that their social skill development needs were addressed. Professionals from the Special Education Faculty and the Fab Lab Kä Träre, both from Universidad Estatal a Distancia in Costa Rica, were in charge of the study during its first phase, executed in 2016 and 2017. (shrink)

En este artículo intentamos recopilar las diferentes respuestas que se han dado al interrogante: ¿cuál es la naturaleza de la guerra en Colombia? Para ello, hemos estudiado seis formas de definir la violencia en Colombia: i) guerra anti/comunista; ii) conflicto agrario; iii) conflicto criminalizado; iv) guerra civil/guerra contra la sociedad; v) conflicto internacionalizado; vi) amenaza terrorista. Concluimos que los cambios de los actores armados, sus repertorios de violencia y del contexto internacional son respondidos por masas críticas con nuevas denominaciones. Las (...) denominaciones, así como la guerra misma, son dinámicas. Este artículo aporta una revisión de literatura sobre la naturaleza del conflicto y una perspectiva de análisis historiográfico útil para otras preguntas relacionadas con la guerra. (shrink)

Business Ethics, the Environment &Responsibility, Volume 33, Issue 2, Page 217-240, April 2024.

The Minimum Description Length principle is the modernformalisation of Occam's razor. It has been extensively and successfullyused in machine learning, especially for noisy and long sources ofdata. However, the MDL principle presents some paradoxes andinconveniences. After discussing all these, we address two of the mostrelevant: lack of explanation and lack of creativity. We present newalternatives to address these problems. The first one, intensionalcomplexity, avoids extensional parts in a description, so distributingcompression ratio in a more even way than the MDL principle. (...) The secondone, information gain, forces that the hypothesis is informative wrt. the evidence, so giving a formaldefinition of what is to discover. (shrink)

Esta investigación analiza cómo se han visto afectados los vendedores informales/ambulantes y sus familias frente a la pandemia, teniendo en cuenta que la economía informal se ha visto afectado debido a las medidas dispuestas por el gobierno, las cuales estuvieron ligadas a limitar el uso del espacio público por parte de las personas, se busca analizar los siguientes aspectos: ¿cómo ha cambiado la forma en la que venden y promocionan sus productos durante la pandemia?, ¿cómo han manejado su economía?, ¿qué (...) beneficios han recibido por parte del gobierno y que opinión tienen frente a la reactivación económica que propuso el gobierno?. (shrink)

La inversión en la bolsa de valores se ha interpretado por algunos como unaactividad con daños colaterales en detrimento de las masas. Considerando lasrazones del por qué esto ha ocasionado un sentimiento de indignación en muchos,este texto busca identificar el tipo de inversionistas que se encuentran enWall Street —se inicia con el Übermensch, de Nietzsche y se finaliza con el empresario productor de Ayn Rand—, y qué tan justificado es el resentimiento que se ha generado en contra. Asimismo, dada la (...) llegada de múltiples inversionistas no institucionales al mercado accionario durante el 2021 —quienes publicaban en redes sociales el objetivo de impactar a los fondos de inversiones—, se investiga si lo que se generó fue un movimiento social en contra estos y, al llegar a una decisión negativa, se concluye con las deficiencias de estas acciones que previenen que sean consideradas un movimiento social. (shrink)

El siguiente trabajo forma parte de un estudio más amplio sobre el tiempo y la eternidad en Confesiones de Agustín de Hipona. Esta ocasión permite sólo ocuparme de los primeros ocho libros, es decir, hasta su relato de la conversión al cristianismo como hito radical. Me ocuparé para los efectos de una reflexión gradual, exclusivamente de los pasajes donde nuestro autor en su relato del tiempo vivido nos ofrece textos que, coherentes con la obra entera, muestran cómo está presente la (...) tensión entre tiempo y eternidad. No se pretende recorrer las etapas biográficas de Agustín, sino mostrar cómo en el intento de comprensión que se da en la conciencia de nuestro autor aparece la experiencia tanto del tiempo como de la eternidad.This paper is part of a larger study of time and eternity in Agustín de Hipona's Confessions. This opportunity helps deal with only the first eight books, that is, until his account of the conversion to Christianity as a radical milestone. With this purpose, this paper presents a gradual reflection upon only the passages where De Hipona, in his account of the time lived, offers some texts that, coherent with all his works, show how the tension between time and eternity is present. De Hipona's biography is not the subject of this paper but the way in which his experience of both time and eternity emerges in his conscience in his attempt to comprehend them. (shrink)

Resumen Nos proponemos analizar los mecanismos lingüístico-discursivos movilizados por los dos candidatos a las últimas elecciones colombianas de 2014. Nuestro objetivo es poner de manifiesto las diferentes estructuras discursivas utilizadas por los dos candidatos durante el debate entre la primera y la segunda vuelta del 9 de junio de 2014. Este estudio se centra en ciertas formas recurrentes utilizadas por los dos candidatos con el propósito de exponer sus argumentos y desarrollarlos. En primer lugar, podemos constatar el uso frecuente de (...) ciertos elementos deícticos, tanto de persona como de tiempo, por parte de cada candidato. Estos elementos fueron utilizados con un objetivo particular en el discurso de cada cual: el candidato presidente utilizó más frecuentemente la primera persona del plural exclusiva y el tiempo verbal perfecto para poner de manifiesto los logros en su primer periodo presidencial; mientras que el candidato opositor utilizó con más frecuencia la primera persona del singular y la primera persona del plural inclusiva además de los tiempos verbales del presente para expresar su voluntad de ser presidente, así como los tiempos verbales del perfecto, no retrospectivos, para criticar a su oponente. En segundo lugar, cada candidato construyó una progresión argumentativa alrededor de una sola estrategia discursiva centrada en el tema de la paz. Por un lado, el candidato presidente Juan Manuel Santos utilizó un campo semántico del cambio y de la paz determinada. Por el otro, el candidato opositor Oscar Iván Zuluaga usó un campo semántico alrededor de la paz indeterminada y con condiciones. Estas dos grandes estrategias engloban otras estrategias discursivas que trataremos de detallar en nuestro estudio, a saber: el empleo de fórmulas y de sus contrarios con el objetivo de legitimar la palabra de cada quien y de deslegitimar la palabra del adversario, entre otras. (shrink)

This volume sets out to re-imagine the theoretical and epistemological presuppositions of existing scholarship on identities. Despite a well-established body of scholarly texts that examine the concept from a wide range of perspectives, there is a surprising dearth of work on multiple, heterogeneous forms of identity. Numerous studies of ethnic, linguistic, regional and religious identities have appeared, but largely in isolation from one another. Rethinking 'Identities' is a multi-authored project that is original in providing - in distributed and granular mode (...) - a hyper-contemporary and wide-ranging applied analysis that questions notions of identity based on nation and region, language, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, religion or even 'the human'. The volume achieves this by mobilizing various contexts of identity (gender, ethnicity, sexuality, nation) and medium (art, cinema, literature, music, theatre, video). Emphasizing the extreme contemporary (the twenty-first century) and the challenges posed by an increasingly global society, this collection of essays builds upon existing intellectual investigations of identity with the aim of offering a fresh perspective that transcends cognitive and geographical frontiers. (shrink)

Durante la transición del siglo VI al siglo V a.C. la Magna Grecia experimentó grandes transformaciones sociales y políticas. El ascenso de la tiranía y los primeros avances democráticos produjeron una erosión del poder de la aristocracia y la consagración del Santuario de Delfos como la principal fuente de legitimidad de esta nueva centralidad política. El caso de Metaponto nos ofrece una oportunidad privilegiada para observar este proceso, ya que disponemos de varias fuentes, incluido un relato de Heródoto, que nos (...) permiten acceder a la forma en la que el culto délfico cristalizó entre los metapontinos. La máxima expresión de este culto fue el temenos de Apolo y Aristeas, del que se ofrece una interpretación en este artículo, completada por la posible identificación de una base que habría formado parte del conjunto monumental y estaría representada en el registro numismático. Esta base se encuentra actualmente en las instalaciones del Parco Archeologico dell’area urbana di Metaponto. (shrink)

El intento marcusiano de llevar a cabo una síntesis entre fenomenología y materialismo histórico tendría como hilo conductor la noción de historicidad.. Desde la construcción heideggeriana de la misma, Marcuse pretende conciliar la fenomenología y el materialismo histórico en una filosofía "concreta" fundada en la historicidad radical de la existencia. En ese proceso Marcuse interpretará la filosofía de la vida de Dilthey como complementación del planteamiento ontológico heideggeriano, en la dirección de una concepción material y concreta de la historicidad.

The present collection of translations arises from our work within Writing Urban Places, a network of researchers interested in the different ways citizens appropriate meaningful built environments through stories, and in doing so are also better able to integrate with others. A key locus in this respect is what our network has termed the ‘mid-sized’ [or ‘intermediate’] European city. Often afforded only cursory attention in the discussion of both culture and society, overlooked in favour of more usual suspects, such urban (...) places allow for a more de-centred, and on occasions regionally focused, view of urban practices, even as they play host to a significant element of contemporary European life and experience. The quest for meaningfulness and appropriation of the urban environment through co-creative, adaptive, and transformative processes (many of which have a textual quality) became central to the theoretical framework of this initiative. Between the individual places in which such processes could be observed and documented, we hypothesized, arises the problem of intermediation – the move from place to place, and its techniques. Translation, more than a textual practice among others, emerged as a structuring consideration of the project at a European scale. Other Destinations is the outcome of this collective process presented here, offering entry into this work to an English-language readership for the first time. We hope that, even as they bring their cities of origin somewhat closer to a new readership, those readers will be uprooted and moved some distance in the direction of these ‘other destinations.’ -/- The edited volume Other Destinations. Translating the Mid-sized European City thus features English translations of 15 21st century (mainly) literary texts published in different media (books, podcasts, journals, online/social media) originally written in languages other than English and that have not previously been translated into English. The selected texts cover the topic of mid-sized European cities, where mid-sized does not solely refer to the size in terms of geographical scope or the number of inhabitants, but also to their socio-historical context of urban identity where these cities are neither metropolises nor small towns, but “other”, lesser-known European cities. The texts selected to be translated in this edited volume cover cities like Volos, Canakkale, Varna, Plovdiv, Durres, Tirana, Porto, Den Haag, Osijek, Salzburg, Naples, Zrenjanin, Loule and others…. The publication intends to enhance the dissemination and accessibility to an international readership of texts about overlooked urban contexts, “other”, lesser-known European cities, their stories and signifying practices in order to develop a better awareness of these cities, their self-constructions, and their responses to the challenges of the present. (shrink)

La contracultura es una característica social en particular muy interesante, su significado, origen e historia siempre nos retorna a contextos de quiebre de una sociedad, de rebeldía del individuo, pero sobre todo, siempre se inclina al cambio; curiosamente en casi todos los casos optan por modificar de manera positiva tal que impacta todo lo conocido en esa sociedad.

This article discusses C. E. Alchourrdn and E. Bulygin's ideas regarding the distinction between strong permission and weak permission. The author takes for granted that the distinction between the two terms should be placed at the level of the assertive metalanguage about norms. But the symbolizations and the definitions of strong and weak permissions offered by Alchourrdn and Bulygin, as well as their thesis concerning the relations between the two concepts are challenged.

Se aborda el tratamiento que hace Arthur Schopenhauer de la filosofía como mundosofía (Weltweisheit), la cual, a diferencia de lo que tradicionalmente se había apostado por ella, a saber, sistemas de pensamientos, que resaltan por ser distintivamente (psicocosmo)ontoteológicos, no consta sino de un único pensamiento. Dado que Schopenhauer expone en su filosofía la limitación de estos sistemas y complementariamente los evidencia crítica y combativamente, se presenta la exposición del único pensamiento y la crítica a los sistemas de pensamientos como las (...) dos caras de la moneda de la apuesta de Schopenhauer por la filosofía: el único pensamiento esencialmente mundosófico como lo positivo (el anverso) y la crítica a los sistemas de pensamientos propiamente (psicocosmo)ontoteológicos como lo negativo (el reverso). (shrink)

Actualmente, encontramos en la etapa de secundaria un número importante de adolescentes que muestran serias dificultades a la hora de poder expresar los conocimientos adquiridos durante el proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje. Las causas que pueden aparecer tras esta dificultad pueden ser diversas. Este trabajo se centra en aquellos adolescentes que no mostrando ninguna causa que justifique aparentemente su dificultad de actuación en este ámbito, parecen tener problemas a la hora de expresarse a partir de la lengua escrita.….

Somos seres naturales. Tenemos una potencia, un "derecho natural" que nos ha sido legado desde la inmanencia. Pero también nos hemos dado un estado político y unas leyes producto de aquella capacidad natural. ¿Hasta dónde, sin embargo, nuestra obediencia voluntaria a esas leyes? Spinoza nos dejó planteada una nueva forma de pensar, un "tercer género de conocimiento" que puede entrar en conflicto con el pacto previamente establecido. Es la propia construcción del sujeto ético la que resulta ahí concernida, tal como (...) se expone en este artículo. (shrink)

This study examined how Puerto Rican parents living in the United States reason about illnesses and remedies. Special focus is placed on the influence of Puerto Rican cultural, religious, and spiritual beliefs due to the influence of Taino, West African, Spanish, and U.S. beliefs and customs. Parents of 3.5 to 12-year-old children from the Rochester, NY area were asked to complete a questionnaire centered on their beliefs and an open-ended interview that explored how one could get sick and treated for (...) biological illnesses (e.g., the common cold, COVID-19, cancer). Although participants reported religious, spiritual, and mystical beliefs in the questionnaire, they provided scientific explanations for illness and remedies in the interview. This study provides novel findings on how individuals of Puerto Rican descent understand illnesses and remedies and the variation across individuals. This study provides strong evidence for the variation in coexistence of beliefs within this population. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo develar la implicación de los nexos entre la cultura y los procesos de comprensión y desarrollo psíquico para la concepción e instrumentación de una enseñanza desarrolladora atendiendo a que el desarrollo psíquico del sujeto es una condición esencial para lograr su papel activo y creador en el desarrollo social. Por ello su tránsito a niveles cualitativamente superiores, constituye una prioridad para los sistemas educativos. La teoría histórico - cultural del desarrollo psíquico le da especial (...) importancia al papel de la cultura y su asimilación en la formación y desarrollo de la personalidad. Además, disciplinas como la semiótica reconocen el papel del texto y los procesos textuales en la conservación, transmisión y re-creación de la cultura. El estudio realizado se basa en la sistematización de postulados básicos de la teoría histórico - cultural del desarrollo psíquico y la semiótica de la cultura. This article aims at revealing the implications of the links between culture and the processes of understanding and psychic development towards the conception and implementation of developmental teaching taking into account that an individual's psychic development is an essential condition to fulfil its active and creative role in social development. That is why its movement to qualitatively superior levels is a priority for educational systems. The historical-cultural theory gives special importance to the role of culture and its assimilation in the formation and development of the personality. Furthermore, disciplines such as semiotics recognize the role of texts and textual processes in the conservation, transmission and recreation of culture. This study is based on the systematization of basic postulates of the historical-cultural theory of psychic development and Culture Semiotics. (shrink)

Cuando se piensa en arte, lo primero que se nos viene a la mente es una expresión de la actividad humana mediante la cual se manifiesta una visión personal sobre lo real o imaginado, es decir, el artista imita, expresa y crea, ya sea copiando lo que hay a su alrededor o fantaseando con lo que no hay. Pero, ¿será ésta una definición concreta? Al preguntar a varias personas qué es lo que consideran como arte, muchas contestarán que es eso (...) que te hace sentir, eso que te hace escapar de la realidad, mientras que otros dirán que es lo que está en las galerías o museos y que ellos no entienden las obras de arte de hoy en día. (shrink)

En la Antigüedad se consideró el arte como mímesis, es decir, como imitación. Platón fue quien añadió a este concepto una nueva definición que caracterizaba a un tipo concreto de arte y distinguió el arte que produce objetos del que simplemente los representa. Decía que el arte imita a la naturaleza, que era un espejo de la realidad, de la naturaleza. Inclusive desde su misma teoría de las ideas, el arte no era más que copia de la copia y, por (...) tanto, sombra de la realidad verdadera, y por esto mismo no lo consideraba importante, pues la misma imitación se caracterizaba en términos de duplicar algo de algo que existía, y si se tenían las cosas en frente, para qué querría alguien tener una imitación de eso. (shrink)

Pinhas Sadeh was considered as an unorthodox writer as regards his environment, the “State Culture” in Israel. In the first part of this paper I present the biography of the author and his most representative work, Life as a parable, published in 1958, as well as his romantic and frankist roots and his leaning towards Christianity according to the Gospel. In the second part a mythical analysis of this work is made according to the inner journey of hero, through which (...) the main character is looking for his life meaning. In this second part I present my methodology, based on works of the Eranos Society (Mircea Eliade, C.G. Jung, Gilbert Durand). Afterwards, I analyse the mithems that I have found in Life as a parable. Finally, I make a mythical comparison between this novel and Siddharta, of Hermann Hesse. (shrink)

El sistema educativo es responsable por la transmisión y expresión de la mayor parte de los patrones socioculturales que integran nuestra sociedad, entre los cuales se encuentra el género. Este es un tema de reciente abordaje en el contexto educativo, por lo cual son necesarios los estudios respecto a las percepciones docentes al respecto. Por otro lado, la metáfora es una herramienta utilizada en la vida cotidiana de las personas, para facilitar la producción y comprensión de conceptos abstractos, por lo (...) cual es útil para el estudio de creencias, opiniones y conceptualizaciones por parte de distintos grupos humanos. Este artículo, basado en una investigación cualitativa realizada en contexto de posgrado, tiene como objetivo describir las metáforas de animales producidas por estudiantes de pedagogía de quinto año respecto a sus estudiantes de género femenino y/o masculino. Por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas a diez estudiantes, se identificó un total de 9 metáforas en el campo semántico de los animales, donde se diferenció el comportamiento de estudiantes en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en base a su género. Como resultados principales, se destaca que las metáforas asociadas al género masculino refieren a la inquietud, el desorden y lo físico; mientras que las metáforas asociadas al género femenino destacaban lo verbal y la tranquilidad. Por otro lado, algunas de las metáforas producidas relevaban la influencia de la edad en el comportamiento de los y las estudiantes. Futuras investigaciones podrán ampliar la muestra, y facilitar la elección de estrategias para disminuir las inequidades de género por parte de los y las profesionales de educación. (shrink)

This volume focuses on the westernized universities, in the US and abroad and examines the various dimensions of the education crisis and provides a sharper understanding of the crisis and the responses to the westernized university at multiple sites around the world.

T cells develop in the thymus by expressing a diverse repertoire of either αβ‐ or γδ‐T cell receptors (TCR). While many studies have elucidated how TCR signaling and gene expression control T cell ontogeny, the role of nutrient metabolism is just emerging. Here, we discuss how metabolic reprogramming and nutrient availability impact the fate of developing thymic T cells. We focus on how the PI3K/mTOR signaling mediates various extracellular inputs and how this signaling pathway controls metabolic rewiring during highly proliferative (...) and anabolic developmental stages. We highlight the role of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway that generates metabolites that are utilized for N‐ and O‐linked glycosylation of proteins and how it impacts TCR expression during T cell ontogeny. We consider the dichotomy in metabolic needs during αβ‐ versus γδ‐T cell lineage commitment as well as how metabolism is also coupled to molecular signaling that controls cell fate. (shrink)

On Miranda Fricker’s influential account, the central case of testimonial injustice occurs if and only if the speaker receives a credibility deficit owing to identity prejudice of the hearer. Her critics have taken issue with her view, arguing that cases in which speakers are given more credibility than they deserve, may also amount to testimonial injustice. Furthermore, they argue, these cases cannot be captured by Fricker’s account of objectification as the primary epistemic harm of testimonial injustice; rather, it is an (...) account of othering that best captures a wide range of epistemic injustices. In this paper, I join Fricker’s critics in advancing a novel case of testimonial injustice through identity-prejudicial credibility excess – the adultification of black girls in testimony-giving settings. When testifying, black girls are likely to receive a credibility excess with respect to adult topics such as sex and consent because they are perceived as older, more self-reliable, and mature than they actually are by the hearers. Nevertheless, when examining the girls’ intersecting social identities defined by age, race and gender, it becomes clear that this constitutes an unjustly and prejudicially inflated estimation of their credibility. These cases also involve hermeneutical injustice since the identity-prejudicial credibility excess denies the victims a meaningful opportunity to make sense of their traumatic experiences of sexual assault. I conceptualize this compounded injustice as testimonial obfuscation, where an identity-prejudicial credibility evaluation (either in excess or deficit) causes an experience to remain unintelligible to the hermeneutically marginalized speaker. (shrink)

In an increasingly urbanized world, construction industry is called upon to serve the needs of human society, such as environmental protection and safety in terms of infrastructure. In this context, a sustainable and ethical development means a close connection between buildings and environment. This connection can be achieved through, for example, the concept of ecological concrete or green concrete, as it is often called. The conventional process of obtaining cement and mineral aggregates from the concrete composition generates pollution, especially through (...) greenhouse gas emissions. Also, one should not ignore the fact that extraction of the raw materials affects the habitats of the sites and of the neighboring areas. When construction materials are questioned, the ethical issues lay not in the means of expression, but mainly in the means of production. More to the point, the present contribution aimed to find solutions for enhancing the adhesion of vegetal aggregates with the cement matrix, in order to obtain a material with optimal mechanical properties, which is valued as an ethical approach of building industry. Results showed that plant aggregates can be used to obtain a building material which can be improved by using partial substitution of cement by silica fume, fly ash, or by using additives and that green concrete as an environmentally friendly material offers the alternative for lower energy use and fewer CO2 emissions. Marketers must understand not only the advantages of these green materials, but also that they have an ethical commitment to provide consumers with environmentally friendly materials. (shrink)

RESUMEN Este artículo se propone recuperar un acercamiento peculiar en la comprensión de la realidad a través del concepto del silencio. A pesar de que sobre el silencio hay varías indagaciones, la mayoría relacionadas con la obra de Martín Heidegger, Ludwig Wittgenstein o Merleau-Ponty, este artículo tiene la intención de extender la comprensión de una filosofía del silencio que no sería completa sin la contribución de Max Picard. Siendo este último un pensador original y el autor de una obra peculiar, (...) el objetivo de estas páginas es analizar el silencio, para comprender por qué el filósofo suizo lo entiende como una realidad originaria y positiva y no como una ausencia, creando así una metafísica del silencio como una filosofía integral ; una filosofía en la cual el silencio une, a través del lenguaje, al hombre con lo divino, creando una relación de complementariedad ABSTRACT This article aims to recover a peculiar approach in the understanding of reality through the concept of silence. Although there are several inquiries about silence, mostly related to the work of Martín Heidegger, Ludwig Wittgenstein or Merleau-Ponty, this article intends to extend the understanding of a philosophy of silence that would not be complete without the contribution of Max Picard. Being an original thinker and the author of a peculiar work, the purpose of these pages is to analyze the silence, to understand why the Swiss philosopher understands it as an original and positive reality and not as an absence, thus creating a "metaphysics of silence" as an integral philosophy ; a philosophy in which silence unites, through language, the human and the divine, creating a relationship of complementarity. (shrink)

Adolescents who believe that their parents treat them differently from their siblings have poorer psychosocial well-being than otherwise. This phenomenon, which is known as parental differential treatment or PDT occurs in up to 65% of families. Past studies have examined socio-demographic variables (e.g., child gender, age, and birth order) as predictors of PDT, but these immutable characteristics do little to inform interventions and help these adolescents. Hence, this study extends past research by investigating links among parent empathy, parent perception of (...) PDT, child perception of PDT, child perception of fairness and child well-being (self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and trust in the relationship with parents). Furthermore, this study tests whether adolescent personality (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism), child empathy, and child perception of fairness moderate these links. This study will utilize a two-wave longitudinal design with a one-year lapse. Data will be collected from 760 Chinese adolescents studying from Secondary One to Secondary Three in 18 schools in Hong Kong and from their parents. We test our theoretical model via a multilevel structural equation model. This study both addresses (a) theoretical debates about relations among empathy, PDT, fairness, and psychosocial well-being and (b) focuses on modifiable factors and behaviors, to inform future interventions, such as parent education. (shrink)

Si bien existen algunos intentos de repensar el tema de la tecnología desde la filosofía de Søren Kierkegaard, no existe todavía un diálogo directo con la postura transhumanista. En este artículo proponemos un acercamiento inédito, entendido como una crítica, desde el pensamiento de Kierkegaard al transhumanismo y su concepto de singularity. Primero, analizamos el modo en el que los transhumanistas entienden el concepto de singularity y sus limitaciones; después, apoyándonos en la filosofía de Kierkegaard, defendemos que la única singularidad posible (...) y real es la persona humana como relación primigenia, fuente de angustia y libertad, pecado y amor, espíritu. Defendemos también que esta relación no puede ser replicada por una creación artificial. (shrink)

The definition and measurement of the impact of laws and courts is a subject of disagreement and uncertainties. In this article, law is understood as a public, general, and binding command enforceable through state coercion. Assessments on the effects of laws on democracy and development focus on changes in specific social indicators. The evaluation of impact relates to the availability and reliability of judicial statistics and the impact of laws depends on political and social conditions. The interaction of laws can (...) be studied in three contextual variables: the structure and competitiveness of political systems, the structure and performance of the judiciary, and the organizational endowments of the social or political actors, such as social and labor movements that use the law. This interaction shows how and why certain conditions affect impact. It also speculates, about some additional developments that might follow from the relationships between law and these three variables. (shrink)

Often understood as a dissolution of the ego, mental illness implies a process of deconstruction where the psychotic faces the most frightening limits one can encounter: the limits of perception, the limits of understanding, the limits of vulnerability, and above all, the limits of intersubjectivity. The present paper aims to explore mental illness phenomenologically, taking it as both a limited and an unlimited experience of intersubjectivity. On the one hand, mental illness is widely regarded as a limited experience of intersubjectivity, (...) for it alters and hence limits access to the Other. But on the other hand, it can equally be taken as an unlimited experience of intersubjectivity, because it opens up a new world to the psychotic that can be transposed into and improved through artistic expression. The present article will bring together these two dimensions in order to reflect on the limits of experience in general. To do so, I will first address the clinical studies of the analyst Marguerite Sechehaye and of Rosemarie Samaritter. By retracing Marguerite Sechehaye’s deconstruction of the ego in a case of schizophrenia that she successfully treated, I attempt to circumscribe three distinctive experiential layers that have been disturbed by her patient’s mental illness: (1) the affective layer, (2) the symbolic layer, and (3) the kinesthetic layer, which is indicative of the fact that our spatial presence and body movements are constitutive elements of our sense of self and of our being in the world. Second, I will focus on the relationship between art and schizophrenia, and subsequently on the limits of experience that a psychotic transcends when undergoing his/her illness. (shrink)