Este artículo delimita las principales tendencias de la crítica literaria feminista en el periodo 1980-2023. Mediante la investigación bibliográfica y el análisis documental, se caracterizan y analizan cinco modalidades específicas del trabajo crítico, realizado en el marco de los estudios literarios centroamericanos contemporáneos, a saber: (a.) las biografías y los estudios históricos sobre escritoras centroamericanas, (b.) las antologías de literatura escrita por mujeres, (c.) las traducciones de literatura femenina (d.) los trabajos monográficos, comparativos y de análisis de casos (...) concretos y (e.) las entradas de diccionarios a propósito de autoras regionales. (shrink)

La poesía de Magdalena Camargo Lemieszek es una de las más importantes de la región actualmente. Dueña de una poesía donde los paisajes oníricos convergen con la sonoridad de un verbo insoslayablemente poderoso, lleva al lector a diversas esferas de la memoria, ahí donde el ser humano presenta su vulnerabilidad, su estado primigenio, y le devuelve quizás esa dignidad perdida en la infancia, tópico que se presenta en su obra, pero con giros hacia su estado presente, hacia una pregunta incómoda (...) sobre el ser, sus virtudes y sus momentos trágicos. Es para resumirlo de una manera, una obra que no es complaciente y no deja indiferente a nadie. (shrink)

El artículo recorre la obra de Rodolfo Kusch posicionando sus principales propuestas en la construcción de tres enfoques convergentes en su filosofía. El primer enfoque está relacionado con la fenomenología y la cultura. El segundo enfoque se refiere a la influencia de la antropología y el cuestionamiento por el símbolo. El tercer enfoque despliega una aproximación filosófico-política. Estos enfoques permiten introducir tres “horizontes de pregunta” principalmente relacionados con el método, con lo popular y con lo indígena, que son expuestos como (...) asuntos centrales en toda su obra. Estos “horizontes de pregunta” buscan comprender los alcances de la filosofía de Kusch y su contribución al pensamiento filosófico americano. This paper analyses the work of Rodolfo Kusch remarking his main philosophical proposals through three correlated perspectives. The first perspective refers to phenomenology and culture. The second focuses on the influence of anthropology and the problem of symbols. The third posits a political-philosophical approximation. These perspectives operate interdependently as the background for Kusch’s philosophy and allow us to introduce three “questioning horizons” related to the method, the popular and the indigenous as the central issues of his philosophical work. Thus, these “questioning horizons” build a platform to understand Kusch’s philosophy and his contribution to the Latin American philosophy. (shrink)

El presente trabajo analiza la construcción del espacio caribeño en la novela Rastro de sal de la escritora costarricense Arabella Salaverry. Este espacio se aborda desde dos perspectivas específicas: una, vinculada con la representación general del espacio caribeño. Este análisis se centra en tres relaciones concretas: conectividad/aislamiento, naturaleza/cultura, centro/periferia. La segunda perspectiva se interesa más bien en los espacios domésticos y su interacción con los personajes femeninos, a partir de las relaciones libertad/prisión e interior/exterior. Se concluye que, en Rastro de (...) sal, el Caribe se presenta como un espacio contradictorio, dinámico y desigual. (shrink)

(1982). The future of the Central American and Caribbean region. World Futures: Vol. 18, Alternatives for Humankind: The Role of Latin America, pp. 125-134.

In 2020, our research collective facilitated a photovoice project titled “Picturing Our Realities: Arts-based Reflections with Central American Youth in Canada,” which brought together young, second-generation, and one-and-a-half-generation (born in another country and moved at a young age) Central American identifying people in Toronto to talk about their experiences growing up as children of immigrants. This photovoice project reveals the ways the civil war and migration process is a haunting presence in the lives of second and (...) 1.5 generation Central American Canadians as they grow up and carve their paths as adults. We can see how unresolved social conflict emerges and shapes family memory, sense of self, understandings of community, and means of engaging in community activism and community work. We argue that this act of remembering and paying homage to previous generations is a means of confronting and resisting past injustices and forming ways of healing from the afterlives of violence. This recognition of the afterlives of mass violence, and the calls of action that this recognition entails, may form a powerful catalyst for community organizing and creating community spaces to respond to historical hauntings and structural violence. (shrink)

The number of refugees in the world amounts to more than one percent of the entire world population. This essay is an attempt to think about this question and assess the literature that addresses it, especially from the standpoint of ethics and political theory, and a grounding in real-world problems. The paper is intended as an introductory discussion for those interested in the debates about who should qualify for refugee status, especially in light of the predicament of Central Americans (...) fleeing from the disorder. It pays special attention to the claim that the US has reparative obligations to Central American countries owing to US interventionist policies. (shrink)

Se exponen rasgos particulares de la Relación de la fiesta de proclamación de Luis I en la ciudad de Cartago, Costa Rica (1725) que la separan del aparato prescriptivo aplicado a este tipo de documentos. Además, el comentario ha querido leer en estas irregularidades elementos de literariedad interesantes al análisis. Paralelamente, se reflexiona sobre las cuestiones de géneros literarios y de la admisión en el canon tradicional de obras de la cultura letrada, escritas durante la Colonia centroamericana. Estos rasgos particulares (...) en la Relación se enumeran y analizan a la luz del documento original, el cual se cita puntualmente a partir de la edición crítica de Alexánder Sánchez Mora. (shrink)

Dentro de la historiografía centroamericana, el erotismo ha sido un tema que, en contraposición con otros como la reinterpretación del discurso histórico, no cuenta con una cantidad considerable de estudios comparativos que permitan comprender su desarrollo y sus diferentes acercamientos. Con este indicio, el artículo, en aras de enriquecer las discusiones académicas, se centra en dicha temática en cuentos centroamericanos escritos por mujeres, aspecto que en las últimas décadas ha venido tomando un lugar trascendental dentro de los estudios literarios. Específicamente, (...) el análisis parte de textos publicados en el presente siglo y que no han sido estudiados a profundidad por la crítica literaria: “La primera vez” (2002) de la costarricense Linda Berrón, “Diosas decadentes” (2001) de la guatemalteca Jessica Masaya Portocarrero y “Bicho raro” (2012) de la nicaragüense María del Carmen Pérez Cuadra. (shrink)

In this paper we explore how some of the largest US-newspapers linguistically frame immigrants to the USA in articles about Mexican and Central American immigrants. Specifically, it is a corpus-assisted discourse study which examines the frequency of different semantic predicate-types with migrant subjects and migrant by-agents in the quest for underlying positive or negative biases. We wish to ascertain what activities migrants are presented as taking part in, principally as agents. The analysis shows that more than half of (...) the migrant/predicate-pairings reflect the dictionary definitions of migrant. However, immigrants are described as illegal 66% of the times that their location is mentioned with an immigrant/predicate-pairing. The non-definition-confirming pairings also show evidence of a negative framing of immigrants, but not of migrants. Furthermore, immigrants are more often than migrants cast as agents of activities that do not simply reiterate their status as migrants. Finally, we found evidence of the Negation Bias in the immigrant/predicate-pairings. (shrink)

El siguiente artículo plantea una reflexión sobre la historiografía del arte centroamericano y latinoamericano, para establecer algunas tendencias en cómo se han estudiado y qué aportes han realizado estos campos de conocimiento al entendimiento de las artes visuales regionales y la historia cultural centroamericana. Adicionalmente, en contraste con este estado de la cuestión, se plantean las contribuciones que realiza la tesis doctoral “Hacer exportable a Centroamérica: activación de circuitos artísticos internacionales y su impacto en la consolidación de los museos de (...) arte moderno y sus colecciones en Guatemala y Costa Rica, 1950-1996”, al conocimiento de esta historiografía. Se analizan dos aportes puntuales que realiza la tesis: por un lado, la investigación evidencia contundentemente que determinados/as artistas centroamericanos/as participaron con vigor de las redes artísticas internacionales en la segunda mitad del siglo XX; esto se logra reconstruir mediante un mapeo de los eventos en los que participaron. Seguidamente, se abarca otro aporte, en el que la investigación problematiza lo que se ha dicho sobre las características del arte moderno centroamericano mediante un análisis de las colecciones de tres museos regionales. (shrink)

Resumo: Este texto visa a estabelecer linhas iniciais a uma apropriação da premissa do Caribe como prefácio às Américas, conforme o ensaio Introduction à une poétique du Divers, de Édouard Glissant, compreendendo-o em um quadro de pensamento negro americano. A apropriação da premissa de Glissant almeja propor bases a uma ferramenta metodológica, fundamentada na centralidade epistemológica do lugar, subsidiando análises literárias a respeito de um corpus de literaturas afro-americanas. Este texto, inicialmente, parte da hipótese de que qualquer literatura nacional (...) pode ser tomada, de modo econômico, como prefácio a um corpus mais amplo de literaturas afro-americanas.: this text aims to set initial lines for an apropriation of the premise of the Caribbean as a preface to the Americas, according to the essay Introduction à une poétique du Divers, by Édouard Glissant, understanding it in a frame of American black thought. The apropriation of Glissant’s premise aims to propose bases for a methodological tool, based on the epistemological centrality of the place, subsidizing literary analyzes among a corpus of Afro-American literatures. This text, initially, starts from the hypothesis that any African-American national literature can be taken, in a sparing way, as a preface to a broader corpus of African-American literature. (shrink)

This case study of Central American migration to Washington, DC closely examines how gender is related to the decision to migrate, as well as the choice of destination. The study investigates the social and economic conditions in sending Central American countries as well as those in a receiving city in the United States to determine why women predominate in certain labor migrations. A macrostructural analysis accounts for the conditions that delimit the flow of international migrants, but (...) a concept termed gendered labor recruitment provides the link between macro- and microlevels of analysis. Results of the research indicate that approximately seventy percent of the initial Central American migrants to the nation's capital in the 1960s and 1970s were women and that their migration may be attributed partly to informal labor recruitment. Over the years, Washington's government, diplomatic and professional workforce “recruited,” made arrangements for, or returned to the nation's capital with foreign workers who could provide basic services, primarily as domestics and child-care providers. (shrink)

As the Panama Canal approached its fiftieth anniversary in the mid-1960s, U.S. officials concerned about the costs of modernization welcomed the technology of peaceful nuclear excavation to create a new waterway at sea level. Biologists seeking a share of the funds slated for radiological-safety studies called attention to another potential effect which they deemed of far greater ecological and evolutionary magnitude – marine species exchange, an obscure environmental issue that required the expertise of underresourced life scientists. An enterprising endeavor to (...) support Smithsonian naturalists, especially marine biologists at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama, wound up sparking heated debates – between biologists and engineers about the oceans’ biological integrity and among scientists about whether the megaproject represented a research opportunity or environmental threat. A National Academy of Sciences panel chaired by Ernst Mayr failed to attract congressional funding for its 10-year baseline research program, but did create a stir in the scientific and mainstream press about the ecological threats that the sea-level canal might unleash upon the Atlantic and Pacific. This paper examines how the proposed megaproject sparked a scientific and political conversation about the risks of mixing the oceans at a time when many members of the scientific and engineering communities still viewed the seas as impervious to human-facilitated change. (shrink)

Adaptations made by agrarian households in the face of global change risks are largely dependent on their livelihood goals. I argue that adaptation-limit research is crucial to many agrarian development programs because a focus on adaptation limits may allow researchers and practitioners to better understand and support successful adaptation and allow smallholders to pursue their goals. In this study of smallholder farming in Northwest Costa Rica, I found that security and the unique parcelero identity of rice farmers in this region (...) define livelihood goals. I show that an understanding of the multidimensionality and fluidity of farmer livelihood goals may enrich our current understanding of actor-centered adaptation limits as insurmountable thresholds. In response to worsening global change risks, farmers in this study traded off certain goals to pursue others. In this way, farmers do not perceive adaptation limits as insurmountable. Alternative indicators of adaptation limits did exist; irreversibility in adaptation and the great hardship associated with tradeoffs among livelihood goals may mark adaptation limits. (shrink)

Cornell University and Zamorano (ThePanamerican School of Agriculture) facilitatedworkshops that provided Honduran and Nicaraguanfarmers new experience with plant diseases and helpedfarmers assimilate information and identify diseasemanagement alternatives. After learning about thebiology of plant diseases, farmers were able toidentify disease problems in their field, enablingthem to use pesticides more selectively. Furthermore,participants of seven courses conceived 273 pathogen-specificmanagement alternatives, and they identifiedon average 66 percent of the common recommendations by plantpathologists for the control of general disease types.Many ideas were novel and may (...) represent newopportunities for improving the practice of diseasemanagement. (shrink)

African American adolescents have become more active users of digital media, which may increasingly expose them to direct online discrimination based on their racial and gender identities. Despite well-documented impacts of offline discrimination, our understanding of if and how direct online discrimination affects African American adolescents similarly remains limited. Guided by intersectional and ecological frameworks, we examined the association between direct online discrimination and internalized computing stereotypes in African American adolescents. Further, we explored the moderating effects of (...) systemic and individual factors – vicarious online discrimination, parental technological attitudes, and racial identity centrality – on this association by adolescent gender. Utilizing data from 1041 African American parent-adolescent dyads, we found a positive association between adolescents’ direct online discrimination and internalized computing stereotypes. Surprisingly, greater vicarious online discrimination mitigated this association for both male and female adolescents. Further, parental technological attitudes and racial identity centrality mitigated this association only for female but not male adolescents. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the impact of media on adolescents’ online experiences from intersectional and systemic perspectives. We discuss the implications for prospective research and educational programs focused on African American adolescents’ digital media use and online experiences. (shrink)

This study aims to explore the impact of migration as a central event in personal identity, spirituality, and religiousness on subjective well-being (SWB). The sample was composed of 204 Latin American immigrants living in Israel, with ages ranging from 18 to 80 years ( M = 48.76; SD = 15.36) across both sexes (Men = 34.8%; Women = 65.2%). The results show that, when analyzing the effects on SWB, Positive and Negative Affect, Centrality of Event, Religious Crisis, and (...) Spiritual Transcendence present as the most relevant explanatory variables within the models. However, contrary to expectation, the present study identifies positive associations between the centrality of migration and SWB. Motivations for emigration should be explored in further studies as they could be mediating the relationship between centrality of events and SWB. (shrink)

En el actual contexto de la pandemia causada por el Covid-19, la literatura no se ha mantenido al margen. Han surgido múltiples textos literarios que encallan las experiencias, subjetividades y aporías de la actual crisis. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo describir algunos criterios teórico-metodológicos a partir de los cuales seleccionar y conformar un corpus de textos literarios que nos permita analizar e interpretar las configuraciones del núcleo traumático de la pandemia del Covid-19. Se proponen dos criterios centrales: la (...) class='Hi'>literatura transnacional y la constelación. En primer lugar, se enmarca a la literatura de la pandemia en una perspectiva transnacional porque el intercambio, el tránsito y la movilidad de los textos se producen material y simbólicamente por medio de la WWW, convirtiéndose el ciberespacio en un espacio transnacional, en el que lo local y lo global se vuelven simbióticos. En segundo término, se propone la figura de la constelación (de génesis benjaminiana) como instrumento metodológico para la construcción de un corpus, ya que posibilita encontrar nexos entre textos que usualmente no se pensarían como próximos o vinculados, facilitando encuentros improbables de textos entre culturas. Palabras clave: pandemia del covid-19, configuración, literatura transnacional, constelación. (shrink)

Taking Emerson as his starting point, Cornel West’s basic task in this ambitious enterprise is to chart the emergence, development, decline, and recent resurgence of American pragmatism. John Dewey is the central figure in West’s pantheon of pragmatists, but he treats as well such varied mid-century representatives of the tradition as Sidney Hook, C. Wright Mills, W. E. B. Du Bois, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Lionel Trilling. West’s "genealogy" is, ultimately, a very personal work, for it is imbued throughout (...) with the author’s conviction that a thorough reexamination of American pragmatism may help inspire and instruct contemporary efforts to remake and reform American society and culture. "West... may well be the pre-eminent African American intellectual of our generation."—The Nation "_The American Evasion of Philosophy_ is a highly intelligent and provocative book. Cornel West gives us illuminating readings of the political thought of Emerson and James; provides a penetrating critical assessment of Dewey, his central figure; and offers a brilliant interpretation—appreciative yet far from uncritical—of the contemporary philosopher and neo-pragmatist Richard Rorty.... What shines through, throughout the work, is West's firm commitment to a radical vision of a philosophic discourse as inextricably linked to cultural criticism and political engagement."—Paul S. Boyer, professor emeritus of history, University of Wisconsin–Madison. Wisconsin Project on American Writers Frank Lentricchia, General Editor. (shrink)

Resumo: Palavras-chave: : Keywords: Child literature. Female subject. Representation. The child literature is inhabited by female characters as central figures of the narrative, some of them famous and popular. The decade of 1980 saw the raise of authors who introduce works that have recognized aesthetic value in which female characters play a prominent role. For example, Isabel (Bel), narrator character from the work Bisa Bia, Bisa Bel (1981), by Ana Maria Machado, who is lead through a path toward her (...) autonomy. This paper is concerned with the representation of a female subject who even in its early age is able to establish a dialogue between different epochs, presenting different women perspectives, the old one, Bisa Bia, XIX century representative, and the other one, modern, independent, from the late XX century. Literatura infantil. Sujeito feminino. Representação. A literatura infantil encontra-se povoada de personagens femininas como figuras centrais de narrativas, algumas delas, famosas e populares. A partir de 1980, surgiram autores que apresentam obras de reconhecido valor estético, nas quais personagens femininas mirins têm um lugar de destaque. Fala-se, por exemplo, de Isabel (Bel), personagem narradora da obra Bisa Bia, Bisa Bel (1981), de Ana Maria Machado, que percorre um caminho rumo à autonomia. O presente trabalho volta-se para a representação de um sujeito feminino que, ainda em tenra idade, consegue estabelecer um diálogo entre épocas diferentes, apresentando visões diversas da mulher, uma antiga, Bisa Bia, típica do século XIX, e outra, Bel, moderna, independente, do fim do século XX. (shrink)

The 93rd annual meeting of the American Philosophical Association, Central Division, in Chicago, April 26–29, 1995, had two papers that related to Hegel directly, and one that related to him indirectly. The first, given by Robert Wallace, entitled “Mutual Recognition and Ethics,” claimed that Hegel in the mutual recognition sections of Chapter IV of the Phenomenology of Spirit replies to Kant’s argument that someone, in order to be autonomous, must be moral. Hegel responds to Kant’s position by showing (...) that self-conscious autonomy is a feature of two processes. The first process Wallace called “vertical integration,” in which an agent seeks unity and identity through the recognition of the self by another, and the second process he called “horizontal individuation,” in which the unity of the individual is a product of desire satisfaction. Kant speaks of autonomy only on the basis of rational autonomy, which ignores the dual processes of self-consciousness. Hegel, by showing how autonomy truly comes about, demonstrates both the deficiency of Kant’s argument and how morality could be based on the satisfaction and recognition of the individuals. In reply to Wallace, William Schroeder commented that Wallace’s argument is not Hegel’s argument. Hegel’s argument must be viewed in relation to the conditions of life, which Hegel discusses in the preceding section of “Self-Certainty,” and to the condition of master and slave, which succeeds those sections of recognition. Schroeder also pointed out that in Wallace’s account the notion of “mutual” recognition was strangely absent. Wallace believed that the “other” could be oneself, and that the recognition may occur in only one direction. Schroeder noted that Hegel’s argument clearly holds to the notion that two self-conscious individuals are present, and the recognition is reciprocal. The comments from the audience echoed Schroder’s comments. Robert Williams of the University of Illinois at Chicago gave a short appraisal of Hegel’s argument, and contended that Wallace had not done it complete justice. (shrink)

A partir da perspectiva dos três regimes de identificação das artes propostos por Jacques Rancière, a literatura ocupa um lugar central na superação do regime poético, ou representativo, pelo regime estético. Para Rancière, o realismo de escritores como Hugo, Balzac, Stendhal e Flaubert subverte as hierarquias e pressupostos normativos vigentes no regime poético das artes. A partir desses autores, qualquer assunto ou qualquer pessoa, isto é, pertencente a qualquer condição social, podem vir a ser tratados como objeto literário (...) sério, o que pode ser encarado enquanto a democracia em literatura. Também se valendo de análises de Erich Auerbach, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo explicitar como esse processo se deu, tentando mostrar por meio de alguns exemplos a maneira pela qual a literatura passou a ser desenvolvida em um espaço no qual as hierarquias dos temas e das ocupações sociais são quebradas e no qual se passa a denunciar a igualdade sensível de qualquer um. De um ponto de vista político-filosófico, Rancière promove aproximações à universalidade do juízo estético kantiano e à posterior proposta de Schiller no que diz respeito a uma educação estética da humanidade que retira dessa igualdade sensível o princípio de uma nova liberdade. (shrink)

Latin American philosophy is best understood as a type of applied philosophy devoted to issues related to the culture and politics of Latin America. This introduction provides a comprehensive overview of its central topics. It explores not only the unique insights offered by Latin American thinkers into the traditional pre-established fields of Western philosophy, but also the many 'isms' developed as a direct result of Latin American thought. Many concern matters of practical ethics and social and (...) political philosophy, such as Lascasianism, Arielism, Bolívarism, modest and immodest feminisms, republicanism, positivism, Marxism, and liberationism. But there are also meta-philosophical 'isms' such as originalism and perspectivism. Together with clear and accessible discussions of the major issues and arguments, the book offers helpful summaries, suggestions for further reading, and a glossary of terms. It will be valuable for all readers wanting to explore the richness and diversity of Latin American philosophy. (shrink)

O escopo central do artigo converge na análise e problematização das relações entre colonialismo e masculinidade na produção literário-intelectual do romancista H. Rider Haggard, com destaque para seu romance Marie. A narrativa literária cinge elementos da ficção e realidade ao narrar eventos do passado sul-africano, em especial o Great Trek, período de migrações e deslocamentos de colonos bôeres na década de 1830. No cerne de um contexto imaginado com as marcas da violência e do martírio, Haggard retrata a formação (...) de seu protagonista, o caçador Allan Quatermain, de modo a promover figurações de virilidade e heroísmo que atuam como respostas ao que muitos de seus contemporâneos sentem e ressentem como crises da masculinidade no fin-de-siècle.The South African Question: Literature, Colonialism and Masculinities in H. Rider Haggard’s Marie The central scope of the article converges in the analysis and problematization of relations between colonialism and masculinity in H. Rider Haggard’s literary and intellectual production, with emphasis in his romance Marie. The literary narrative deals with elements of fiction and reality by narrating events from South African past, especially the Great Trek, a period of migrations and displacements of Boer colonists during the 1830s. At the heart of a context imagined with violence and martyrdom, Haggard depicts the formation of his protagonist, the hunter Allan Quatermain, in order to promote virility and heroism, which act as answers to what many of his contemporaries feel and resent as crises of masculinity in the fin-de-siècle. Resumen La cuestión sudafricana: literatura, colonialismo y masculinidades en Marie, de H. Rider Haggard La meta central del artículo converge en la análisis y problematización de las relaciones entre colonialismo y masculinidad en la producción literario-intelectual del novelista H. Rider Haggard, con destaque para su romance Marie. La narrativa literaria establece una relación entre elementos de ficción y realidad al narrar eventos del pasado sudafricano, en especial el Great Trek, período de migraciones y desplazamientos de colonos bôeres en la década de 1830. En el corazón de un contexto imaginado con las marcas de la violencia y el el martirio, Haggard retrata la formación de su protagonista, el cazador Allan Quatermain, para promover imágenes de virilidad y heroísmo que actúan como respuestas a lo que muchos de sus contemporáneos sienten y resienten como crisis de la masculinidad en el fin-de-siècle. (shrink)

Este artículo propone estudiar la relación que hay entre filosofía y literatura para Deleuze y Guattari. La tesis de central muestra que se debe captar el diferencial justo donde ambas, filosofía y literatura están conectadas, a saber, en el acontecimiento. Por el tratamiento que cada una tiene del acontecimiento, resulta que ambas posibilitan, a su modo, nuevos cambios en la vida de los humanos. En la primera parte se expone la concepción del arte y de la filosofía, (...) a partir del bloque de sensación y del concepto. En la segunda parte, se expone la particularidad de la creación literaria respecto del lenguaje, la escritura, el sentido y el acontecimiento. En la tercera sección se precisa que la línea de fuga completa, en términos temporales, el acontecimiento en la literatura. La cuarta y última parte presenta el diferencial entre filosofía y literatura, para mostrar los derroteros hacia la relación con la filosofía política. (shrink)

Compuesto por capítulos de diferentes especialistas en los estudios literarios que laboran en universidades de México, Europa y Estados Unidos, el libro Literatura aplicada en el siglo XXI: ideas y prácticas es el resultado de una invitación y de un esfuerzo para reflexionar sobre las posibilidades epistémicas del fenómeno literario como creación, recreación y programación. Parte de cuestionarse si el binomio clásico de estudiar/aprender ha perdido su sentido en la era de la tecnificación cibernética, es decir, de la inteligencia (...) artificial y de la paulatina robotización del mundo. Puesto que los algoritmos ya leen y escriben automáticamente, y son capaces de combinaciones y hasta de generar narrativas, nos pareció necesaria una mayor sensibilización de la palabra consciente. Una reflexión de la educación poética para diferenciarnos de las máquinas y también para entender su funcionamiento, así como reestablecer la reflexión o diálogo de los creadores con los críticos, y de los promotores de lectura con los teóricos de la lectura. Tal restablecimiento debería ser el desafío de los estudios literarios (universitariamente entendidos) en lo que resta del siglo XXI. De esta forma, los ensayos aquí reunidos hacen referencia a autores y obras del siglo XX y aun de otras centurias, pero con la intención de reflexionar sobre su aplicación en lo que va del presente siglo. (shrink)

En este artículo revisamos la relación entre filosofía y literatura como elemento central del trabajo del pensador colombiano Nodier Botero Jiménez, con la intención de exponer de forma práctica las correspondencias entre ambas disciplinas. Para esto, hablaremos de los puntos de encuentro entre filosofía y literatura desde la crítica y teoría literaria, la lectura filosófica del discurso literario como instrumento de desocultamiento y profundización de las causas finales, además, nos preguntaremos si la filosofía es equivalente a la (...) literatura, extendiendo la discusión sobre los difusos límites estilísticos, sin desconocer que sus intenciones son expresiones de saberes diferentes. Para el desarrollo de lo anteriormente descrito, se contrastarán diversas aproximaciones conceptuales como la Kakania de Musil con la dialéctica del momento positivo-racional, la erótica de Roth con la crítica estética de Kant, la ficción borgeana con el mundo hiperconectado de hoy, entre otras. (shrink)

Purpose: A poetic work of fiction haunts the base of the Statue of Liberty. The act overshadowed the original tribute to the Civil War victory and the Emancipation Proclamation. Abraham Lincoln's praises of the Black American military fell silent. Eurocentrists shrouded centuries of genius and scaled-down Black American mastery. Sagas of barrier-breaking Olympians, military heroes, Wild West pioneers, and inventors ended as forgotten footnotes. Today, countries around the world fetishize Black American history and culture to the point (...) of ethnocide. The real-time case study of Woni Spotts explores the phenomenon. Until ancient traditions evolve with authenticity, global cultures will wither and die. The presented research chronicles over half a millennium of archives. Lists with names, dates, and genealogies seal the Black American legacy in stone. Methodology: The presented research for case studies draws from archival data, dated events, news articles, and an interview with Woni Spotts. The case studies generated three lists. Fifty sports and competitions were dated and cataloged. The athletes were analyzed by a genealogist. Forty music and dance genres were cataloged by publishing or recording dates. The artists were analyzed by a genealogist. Copyright infringements were noted. Inventors were researched for U.S. patents. NASA astronauts and inventors were analyzed by a genealogist. Findings: The presented research showed centuries of untold, reframed, stigmatized, and fetishized Black American history and culture. In the case studies, foreigners of African descent (Africans, Caribbeans, Central Americans, and South Americans) practiced ethnocidal behavior in concert with European descendants. Prolific abolitionists, patriots, politicians, and inventors were written out of history. Superstar athletes were obstructed or outshined by fictional Recommendations: Case studies showed centuries of fragmented narratives created biases and distortions. Black Americans were written out of history, reframed as background characters, stigmatized with skewed statistics, and fetishized globally to the point of ethnocide. The presented research stands as a vital resource for preservationists. Music and dance genre architects were solidified by publishing and recording dates. Athletic events, inventions, and NASA scientists were recorded. (shrink)

O objetivo deste ensaio é promover um encontro entre as ideias sobre a história de Hayden White e os caminhos históricos e traumáticos traçados por Sebald em Austerlitz. Neste sentido, partimos do pressuposto de que o personagem homônimo ao título do livro do escritor alemão funciona como um pêndulo entre o fardo da história e o passado prático, não coincidentemente, dois dos principais textos do historiador norte-americano. Para que possamos chegar minimamente a esse objetivo, abordaremos Austerlitz enquanto uma saga em (...) busca de uma estética da representação do passado e de uma ética do conhecimento histórico, colocando como pano de fundo central em nosso texto os debates teóricos e metodológicos oferecidos pela obra de White.Palavras-chave: Hayden White. Sebald. Austerlitz. Fardo da história. Passado Prático AbstractThe purpose of this essay is to promote a meeting between the ideas about Hayden White's history and the historical and traumatic paths traced by Sebald in Austerlitz. In this sense, we assume that the homonymous character to the title of the German writer's book works as a pendulum between the burden of history and the practical past, not coincidentally, two of the main texts of the American historian. So that we can minimally reach this goal, we will approach Austerlitz as a saga in search of an aesthetics of the representation of the past and an ethics of historical knowledge, placing as a central backdrop in our text the theoretical and methodological debates offered by White's work.Keywords: Hayden White. Sebald. Austerlitz. Burden of History. Pratical Past. (shrink)

Neste artigo, buscaremos discutir o modo pelo qual a literatura pode conduzir – e, talvez, mesmo exigir – uma mudança no próprio estatuto da filosofia, especialmente no caso da fenomenologia, ao tornar explícita a existência de um outro modelo de racionalidade, distinto de sua concepção clássica. Para isso, trabalharemos a partir das descrições propostas por Merleau-Ponty sobre o tema, concentrando-nos, nesse artigo, no período de sua obra entre o final dos anos quarenta e início dos anos cinquenta. Ao lado (...) da questão da literatura, a correlata recompreensão da noção de metafísica terá papel central nessa investigação. (shrink)

El artículo analiza algunas problemáticas centrales de la literatura caribeña, en particular de expresión francófona y anglófona, relacionadas, por un lado, con la falta de desarrollo y el funcionamiento colonial de sus sistemas literarios, y, por el otro, con el problema social, económico y político de la emigración en las Antillas. Como propongo, es la misma condición migrante de la literatura caribeña, en tanto sistema atravesado por el desplazamiento masivo de sus productores, la que en gran parte determina (...) sus motivaciones e intereses, enfocados a la identidad regional (y a la cultura regionalista) de modo recurrente. El artículo indaga, entre otros lugares-comunes (Glissant) del discurso literario caribeño, su estética geográficamente marcada que es enunciada aun desde un locus migrante (distante) con fines descolonizadores, los cuales se vinculan con la tradición anticolonialista, masculina y de sesgo militante del siglo pasado. Luego de una revisión de este legado a partir de dos aproximaciones críticas (Tinsley, Condé), se lee una serie de textos donde se observa la persistencia de la geoestética antillana, como A Small Place de Jamaica Kincaid, los cuales se apropian creativamente del discurso turístico desde una perspectiva geopolítica de resistencia a las dominaciones aún coloniales. (shrink)

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a obra de Primo Levi como expressão inaugural da literatura de testemunho. Como metodologia, caracteriza a decisão de escrever o relato da vivência em Auschwitz como categoria singular da literatura, na medida em que o escrito se compromete com a profundidade da ética, entendida originalmente como campo do saber filosófico. Assim, que Auschwitz tenha existido e que tenha havido sobreviventes que decidiram escrever se torna uma questão central como crítica à violência. (...) Solitariamente, a filosofia não seria capaz de produzir uma tal crítica. Este tópico é elucidado como pano de fundo pela abordagem adorniana do não-idêntico, dada a particularidade da literatura de testemunho. A partir disso, têm-se como resultado deste estudo que um escrito não conceitual expõe em primeira mão dinâmicas do pensamento que serão estudadas postumamente pela Filosofia. Portanto, a conclusão deste estudo indica que a Literatura se relaciona como outro da Filosofia. (shrink)

RESUMEN En este artículo propongo revisar las aproximaciones de Mabel Moraña y Antonio Cornejo Polar al clivaje paradigmático entre las figuras de José María Arguedas y Mario Vargas Llosa en la cultura latinoamericana. En ese marco, tanto Cornejo Polar como Mabel Moraña desarrollan, en su propio lenguaje, preguntas por los dispositivos de poder y por las estrategias de resistencia que derivan de las relaciones entre literatura y máquinas sociales planteadas por Deleuze y Guattari, en una perspectiva decolonial. Este será (...) el contenido de la primera parte. En la segunda, quisiera seguir el derrotero de Cornejo Polar en la creación del concepto de 'subjetividad heterogénea', que condensa la experiencia de la migración interna en los países andinos y está presente con especial intensidad lingüística y performativa en El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo, la última obra de Arguedas. ABSTRACT This article intends to review the approaches of Mabel Moraña and Antonio Cornejo Polar to the paradigmatic cleavage between the figures of José María Arguedas and Mario Vargas Llosa in Latin American culture. Within this framework, both Cornejo Polar and Mabel Moraña develop, in their own language, questions about power devices and resistance strategies derived from relationships between literature and social machines raised by Deleuze and Guattari, from a decolonial perspective. This will be the content of the first part. In the second, it would like to follow Cornejo Polar's path in creating the concept of 'heterogeneous subjectivity', which condenses the experience of internal migration in the Andean countries and is present with particular linguistic and performance intensity in El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo, the last work of Arguedas. (shrink)

More than thirty-five years after its first release in 1971, Don McLean’s “American Pie” still resonates deeply with music listeners and consumers of popular culture. In a 2001 public poll sponsored by the National Endowment for the Arts and the Recording Industry Association of America, McLean’s eight-and-a-half-minute masterpiece was ranked number 5 among the 365 “most memorable” songs of the twentieth century. In 2002, the song was voted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. In 1997, Garth brooks performed “ (...) class='Hi'>American Pie” at a concert in Central Park, and in 2000, pop icon Madonna performed her own version of “American Pie” on the soundtrack of her movie The Next Best Thing. In 1999, American Pie became the title of a popular – and irreverently comical – coming-of-age movie starring Jason Biggs (the movie American Pie was followed by American Pie 2 in 2001, American Wedding in 2003, and American Pie Present – Band Camp in 2005). Like the movie to which it lent its name, the song “American Pie” presents a coming-of-age narrative; and, also like the movie, the song appealed strongly and immediately to its contemporary audience. Three months after its release in November of 1971, the song reached the number one slot on the charts in January of 1972, and it remained in the Top 40 for a total of seventeen weeks (longer than any other single during the year of 1972). Unlike the movie, however, the song “American Pie” is highly nuanced and sophisticated, containing multiple allusions and layers of meaning which challenge and heighten our understanding of rock ’n’ roll music and the possibility of self-reflection and self-critique in popular culture. (shrink)

A predominância dos temas literários e fenomenológicos nos textos sartrianos dos anos 1930 já chamou atenção de vários especialistas e comentadores da obra do autor. É notável, entretanto, como os exames dos textos dessa época contentam-se, no mais das vezes, em apontar o paralelismo ou a contemporaneidade entre fenomenologia e literatura ali presente, sem realçar a fundamentação que uma parece conferir à outra e que constitui uma das questões mais interessantes que a filosofia sartriana levanta. Há que se incluir, (...) na verdade, a estética literária de Sartre na compreensão de suas teses fenomenológicas; teses estas que, por outro lado, fornecem o solo filosófico da literatura sartriana, em termos tanto de autoria quanto de crítica. O propósito deste artigo é demonstrar, assim, uma dependência ou, se quisermos, implicação mútua entre literatura e fenomenologia não apenas central em relação àquele período da produção de Sartre como, também, determinante para seus projetos teóricos e ficcionais ulteriores. (shrink)

La relación entre filosofía y literatura ha sido una cuestión central de la reflexión de Julia Iribarne. El análisis de la conjunción de las obras de J. L. Borges y E. Husserl es, entre otras, una de las formas en las cuales ella exploró dicha relación. Esta exploración consiste esencialmente en desarrollar, como una forma de método filosófico, un enfoque conjetural de la cuestión del sentido de la vida. Para presentar su propia posición al respecto investiga cómo debemos (...) conducir nuestro obrar sobre un trasfondo de incertidumbre. El resultado de su análisis antropológico y metafísico se puede enunciar sintéticamente en términos de que el sentido de nuestra vida reside en asumir una responsabilidad por los otros. The relationship between philosophy and literature has been a central issue in Julia Iribarne’s reflection. The analysis of the conjunction between the works of J. L. Borges and E. Husserl is a distinctive way in which she explores the theme. This exploration chiefly consists in developing, as a kind of philosophical method, a conjectural approach to the metaphysical question of the meaning of life. In order to state her position on this problem she investigates how we should conduct our lives against a background of uncertainty. The outcome of her anthropological and metaphysical analysis can be stated briefly in terms that the meaning of our life lies in assuming responsibility for the others. (shrink)

This book argues that the negotiation of agency is central not only to the experience of war but also to its representation in cultural expressions, ranging from a notion of disablement, expressed in victimization, immobilization, traumatization, and death, to enablement, expressed in the perpetration of heroic, courageous, skillful, and powerful actions of assertion and dominance. In order to illustrate this thesis, it provides a comprehensive analysis of literary representations of the American War of Independence from 1775, the beginning (...) of the war, up until roughly 1860, when the Civil War marked a decisive historical turning point. As the first national war, it has an unquestionably exemplary status for the development of American conceptions of war. The in-depth study of exemplary texts from a variety of genres and by authors like Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin, James Fenimore Cooper, Catharine Sedgwick, William Gilmore Simms, and Herman Melville, demonstrates that the overall character of Revolutionary War literature presents the war as a forum in which collective and individual agency is expressed, defended, and cultivated. It uses the military environment in order to teach the values of discipline and self-subordination to a communal good, which are perceived as basic principles of a Republican virtue to guide the actions of the autonomous individual in a popular democracy. (shrink)