Results for 'Ciphertext policy attribute-based'

980 found
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  1. Offline privacy preserving proxy re-encryption in mobile cloud computing.Yaping Lin & Voundi Koe Arthur Sandor - 2019 - Pervasive and Mobile Computing 59.
    This paper addresses the always online behavior of the data owner in proxy re- encryption schemes for re-encryption keys issuing. We extend and adapt multi-authority ciphertext policy attribute based encryption techniques to type-based proxy re-encryption to build our solution. As a result, user authentication and user authorization are moved to the cloud server which does not require further interaction with the data owner, data owner and data users identities are hidden from the cloud server, and (...)
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  2.  31
    Agile: a problem-based model of regulatory policy making.Alexander Boer & Tom van Engers - 2013 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 21 (4):399-423.
    We understand regulatory policy problems against the backdrop of existing implementations of a regulatory framework. There are argument schemes for proposing a policy and for criticising a proposal, rooted in a shared understanding that there is an existing regulatory framework which is implemented in social structures in society, yet has problems. The problems with the existing implementations may be attributed either to those implementations or to the constraints imposed by the regulatory framework. In this paper we propose that (...)
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  3.  80
    Reconciling justice and attribution research to advance climate policy.Christian Huggel, Ivo Https://Orcidorg Wallimann-Helmer, Dáithí Stone & Wolfgang Cramer - 2016 - .
    The Paris Climate Agreement is an important step for international climate policy, but the compensation for negative effects of climate change based on clear assignment of responsibilities remains highly debated. From both a policy and a science perspective, it is unclear how responsibilities should be defined and on what evidence base. We explore different normative principles of justice relevant to climate change impacts, and ask how different forms of causal evidence of impacts drawn from detection and attribution (...)
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  4.  21
    Stable business policies help in achieving the business targets: An investigation of primary schools business in district central, karachi, pakistan.Muhammad Siddique, Mariya Baig & Amar Haque - 2021 - Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 60 (1):143-160.
    Expedition of the growth of a country’s economy in the wake of entrepreneurial activity is significant. As skills are utilized and knowledge is applied, the entrepreneurs establish new businesses, and the enhancement of the latter is brought about through their sagacious decision-making and ingenuity. At one end, where entrepreneurial activities have been a boon to the societal progress; they have sped up development of economies worldwide. This can be attributed to a gamut of factors, which include, societies’ expansion on the (...)
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  5. Happiness Surveys and Public Policy: What's the Use?Matthew D. Adler - unknown
    This Article provides a comprehensive, critical overview of proposals to use happiness surveys for steering public policy. Happiness or “subjective well-being” surveys ask individuals to rate their present happiness, life-satisfaction, affective state, etc. A massive literature now engages in such surveys or correlates survey responses with individual attributes. And, increasingly, scholars argue for the policy relevance of happiness data: in particular, as a basis for calculating aggregates such as “gross national happiness,” or for calculating monetary equivalents for non-market (...)
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  6.  32
    Which Methods Are Useful to Justify Public Policies? An Analysis of Cost–Benefit Analysis, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, and Non-Aggregate Indicator Systems.Gertrude Hirsch Hadorn - 2022 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 53 (2):123-141.
    Science-based methods for assessing the practical rationality of a proposed public policy typically represent assumed future outcomes of policies and values attributed to these outcomes in an idealized, that is, intentionally distorted way and abstracted from aspects that are deemed irrelevant. Different types of methods do so in different ways. As a consequence, they instantiate the properties that result from abstraction and idealization such as conceptual simplicity versus complexity, or comprehensiveness versus selectivity of the values under consideration to (...)
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  7.  30
    Consumption-Based Emissions Accounting and Historical Emissions.Olle Torpman - 2022 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 25 (3):354-366.
    This paper argues that, unlike the production-based emissions accounting (on which emissions are attributed to producers of goods and services), the consumption-based emissions accounting (on which emissions are attributed to consumers of these goods and services) can solve the problem of historical emissions. This problem concerns the question of how to assign remedial responsibility for emissions that were made by people who are now dead. Since historical emissions are embedded in the goods consumed by present consumers, and since (...)
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  8.  38
    Claims of Massacre and Persecution Attributed to Khurāsān Governor Qutayba Ibn Muslim al-Bāhilī.Yunus Akyürek - 2018 - Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 22 (1):515-542.
    Qutayba ibn Muslim al-Bāhilī is one of the leading soldier-bureaucrats of the Umayyads period. During the time he served as the governor of Khurāsān, he consolidated the Umayyad’s rule in Tokharistan and Transoxiana provinces, and expanded the borders of the state to China by conquering the Kashgar region. His activities for conversion of the people of the conquered regions have great importance in the history of Islam since the intense relations of the Turkish people with Islam fell upon the time (...)
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  9.  99
    A comparison of conflict of interest policies at Peer-reviewed journals in different scientific disciplines.Jessica S. Ancker & Annette Flanagin - 2007 - Science and Engineering Ethics 13 (2):147-157.
    Scientific journals can promote ethical publication practices through policies on conflicts of interest. However, the prevalence of conflict of interest policies and the definition of conflict of interest appear to vary across scientific disciplines. This survey of high-impact, peer-reviewed journals in 12 different scientific disciplines was conducted to assess these variations. The survey identified published conflict of interest policies in 28 of 84 journals (33%). However, when representatives of 49 of the 84 journals (58%) completed a Web-based survey about (...)
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  10.  26
    The Effects of Current Income Attributes on Nonprofessional Investors’ Say-on-Pay Judgments: Does Fairness Still Matter?Steven E. Kaplan & Valentina L. Zamora - 2018 - Journal of Business Ethics 153 (2):407-425.
    The say-on-pay regulation in the Dodd-Frank Act requires publicly-traded U.S. firms to hold a nonbinding, advisory shareholder vote on executive compensation. Advocates claim that SOP voting gives shareholders a mechanism to hold managers and boards more accountable. Critics contend that SOP votes may simplistically reflect shareholders’ reactions to the overall value of CEO compensation or the firm’s net income. However, based on prior research, we contend that market participants’ SOP votes are likely to consider current income attributes. For example, (...)
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  11.  16
    The Path of College Students’ Entrepreneurship Education Under Causal Attribution Theory From the Perspective of Entrepreneurial Psychology.Changlin Wang, Qingquan Liu, Hongming Li & Yuanbing Liu - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    The purpose of the study is to promote college students to actively respond to the national “Public Entrepreneurship and Mass Innovation” policies and calls, improve college students’ entrepreneurial enthusiasm and their entrepreneurial ability, and cultivate their good entrepreneurial psychological states. First, the relevant content of entrepreneurship psychology and causal attribution theory is displayed. Second, the questionnaire of college students’ entrepreneurship education is formulated and a questionnaire survey is conducted on University N based on the relevant content of entrepreneurship psychology. (...)
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  12.  16
    Generic Drug Policy and Suboxone to Treat Opioid Use Disorder.Rebecca L. Haffajee & Richard G. Frank - 2019 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 47 (S4):43-53.
    Despite some improvements in access to evidence-based medications for opioid use disorder, treatment rates remain low at under a quarter of those with need. High costs for brand name products in these medication markets have limited the volume of drugs purchased, particularly through public health insurance and grant programs. Brand firm anti-competitive practices around the leading buprenorphine product Suboxone — including product hops, citizen petitions and Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy abuses — helped to maintain high prices by extending (...)
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  13.  44
    Harm Reduction and Moral Desert in the Context of Drug Policy.Lindsey Brooke Porter - 2020 - Health Care Analysis 28 (4):362-371.
    The target of my discussion is intuitions lay people have about justice in the context of drug policy—intuitions that take on a more or less moral-desert-based shape. I argue that even if we think desert is the right measure of how we ought to treat people, we ought still be in favour of Harm Reduction measures for people who use drugs. Harm Reduction measures are controversial with members of the public, and much of the opposition seems to come (...)
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  14.  12
    Cosmopolitan Norms and European Values: Ethical Perspectives on Europe's Refugee Policy.Marie Göbel & Andreas Niederberger (eds.) - 2023 - Routledge.
    This volume offers a systematic philosophical analysis of the normative challenges facing European refugee policy, focusing on whether the response to it can be based on European values. By considering the refugee policy through the lens of European values, cosmopolitan norms and universal human rights, the contributions expose the weaknesses and limitations of existing regulations and make proposals on how to improve them. The EU is often seen as a cosmopolitan project. Europe is supposed to be a (...)
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  15.  22
    Police Decision-Making in the Absence of Evidence-Based Guidelines: Assessment of Alcohol-Intoxicated Eyewitnesses.Daniel Pettersson, Magnus Bergquist & Angelica V. Hagsand - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Regarding police procedures with alcohol-intoxicated witnesses, Swedish police officers have previously reported inconsistent and subjective decisions when interviewing these potentially vulnerable witnesses. Most officers have also highlighted the need for national policy guidelines aiding in conducting investigative interviews with intoxicated witnesses. The aims of the two studies presented here were to investigate whether police officers’ inconsistent interview decisions are attributable to a lack of research-based knowledge; their decision to interview, as well as their perceptions of the witnesses’ credibility (...)
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  16.  16
    Can Consumption-Based Emissions Accounting Solve the Problem of Historical Emissions? Some Skeptical Remarks.Laura García Portela - 2022 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 25 (3):367-370.
    The ethics of emissions accounting deals with the following question: When considering who has emitted how much, should emissions be attributed to producers (production-based emissions accounting,...
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  17.  50
    Urban Places as Aesthetic Phenomena: Framework for a Place-Based Ontology of Urban Lifeworld.Vesa Vihanninjoki - 2019 - Topoi 40 (2):461-470.
    Urban places are of central significance for cities both as built structures and as centers of everyday life. Due to the emergence of various design-led place-making policies and practices, “urban place” has largely become a marketed and branded product. Aesthetics plays a major role in this project of place-making, and the related interpretation of “commodified aesthetics of place” emphasizes certain experiential and qualitative place-attributes—such as authenticity—despite apparent conceptual confusions and controversies. A thorough reconsideration of central place-concepts is required to shed (...)
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  18.  8
    Putting patients first: when home-based care staff prioritise loyalty to patients above the system and themselves. An ethnographic study.Cecilie Knagenhjelm Hertzberg, Morten Magelssen & Anne Kari Tolo Heggestad - 2024 - BMC Medical Ethics 25 (1):1-12.
    Background The growing number of older people worldwide poses challenges for health policy, particularly in the Global North, where policymakers increasingly expect seniors to live and receive care at home. However, healthcare professionals, particularly in home-based care, face dilemmas between adhering to care ideals and meeting external demands. Although they strive to uphold ethical care standards, they must deal with patients’ needs, cooperation with colleagues and management guidelines. Home-based care is an essential part of healthcare services in (...)
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  19.  20
    Sovereign States in the Greenhouse: Does Jurisdiction Speak Against Consumption-Based Emissions Accounting?Göran Duus-Otterström - 2022 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 25 (3):337-353.
    The choice of greenhouse gas emissions accounting method is important because it affects the way climate burdens are allocated between states. This paper investigates the significance of state jurisdiction for this choice. It assesses three arguments from jurisdiction against consumption-based emissions accounting: the fairness argument from retrospective responsibility; the fairness argument from prospective responsibility; and the effectiveness argument. It argues that former two arguments fail since attributing emissions to importing states neither unfairly blames these states nor asks too much (...)
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  20.  25
    China’s Auto Industry Upgrade Process Based on Aging Chain and Coflow Model.Baojian Zhang, Pengli Li, Huaguo Zhou & Xiaohang Yue - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-12.
    To protect energy resources and alleviate environmental pollution, many countries attach great importance to the transformation of traditional industries into clean energy industries. In this paper, fuel vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and electric vehicles are included in the research. Then, based on the aging chain and coflow theory of SDs, we construct a dynamic matching model of the auto industry upgrade process and its energy consumption attributes. The simulation results of China’s auto industry show that the upgrading of the auto (...)
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  21.  21
    The values of trees and woodland: a discourse-based cross-disciplinary perspective on integrating ‘revealed’ evaluations of nature into environmental agendas.Gabrina Pounds - 2021 - Critical Discourse Studies 18 (4):461-480.
    ABSTRACT Discourse analysis has been widely applied to the study of environmental communication, highlighting how language is used to reflect and affect our attitudes towards the natural world. The potential of discourse analysis to ‘reveal’ the values that people attribute to nature has recently been recognized in the context of environmental debates. This paper takes a new cross-disciplinary approach to the analysis of evaluation, combining a discourse approach and insights from environmental philosophy and environmental policy to address the (...)
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  22.  52
    Palliative care research: trading ethics for an evidence base.A. M. Jubb - 2002 - Journal of Medical Ethics 28 (6):342-346.
    Good medical practice requires evidence of effectiveness to address deficits in care, strive for further improvements, and justly apportion finite resources. Nevertheless, the potential of palliative care is still held back by a paucity of good evidence. These circumstances are largely attributable to perceived ethical challenges that allegedly distinguish dying patients as a special client class. In addition, practical limitations compromise the quality of evidence that can be obtained from empirical research on terminally ill subjects.This critique aims to appraise the (...)
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  23.  23
    Residential Mobility, Family Structure, and Completion of Upper Secondary Education – A Registry-Based Cohort Study of the Norwegian Adolescent Population.Tommy Haugan & Arnhild Myhr - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10:466382.
    Background: Longitudinal studies exploring the complex interplay between family structures and residential mobility on educational achievement and failure are lacking. We investigate the interplay between the number of residential moves during late childhood, parental education level, family living situation, and the probability of completing upper secondary education. Methodology Detailed longitudinal data for a random sample of 30% of the entire Norwegian population born 1982 to 1989 ( N = 121,247) and information on all their relocations between Norwegian enumeration districts from (...)
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  24. Extrapolation of causal effects – hopes, assumptions, and the extrapolator’s circle.Donal Khosrowi - 2019 - Journal of Economic Methodology 26 (1):45-58.
    I consider recent strategies proposed by econometricians for extrapolating causal effects from experimental to target populations. I argue that these strategies fall prey to the extrapolator’s circle: they require so much knowledge about the target population that the causal effects to be extrapolated can be identified from information about the target alone. I then consider comparative process tracing as a potential remedy. Although specifically designed to evade the extrapolator’s circle, I argue that CPT is unlikely to facilitate extrapolation in typical (...)
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  25. Response to Byrnes and Furton.Mark T. Brown - 2009 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 19 (2):pp. 206-209.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Response to Byrnes and FurtonMark T. Brown, Ph.D.In “Moral Complicity in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research” (MCIPS) (Brown 2009), I sketched the moral complicity implications of alternative national stem cell policies with respect to direct reprogramming techniques that appear to result in pluripotent stem cells derived from skin cells, hair cells, and possibly other somatic cells. This aspect of the stem cell debate was considered from the perspective of (...)
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  26.  52
    The ‘Global Duties – Local Burdens Problem’ of Just Biodiversity Conservation: Two Perspectives on Land and Place-Based Values.Anna Wienhues - 2025 - Ethics, Policy and Environment:1-24.
    This paper illustrates a theoretical gap that arises in the relationship between theorizing global justice and local biodiversity conservation practices: the ‘global duties – local burdens problem’. This problem arises if one’s account of just-burden sharing (who is attributed the responsibility to carry the burdens of biodiversity protection) and the geographic realities (who would be burdened by conservation measures in practice) do not match up. That involves two difficulties: (1) a conceptual problem arising from the incongruity between the currency of (...)
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  27.  26
    Authorizing the ‘taste of place’ for Galápagos Islands coffee: scientific knowledge, development politics, and power in geographical indication implementation.Matthew J. Zinsli - 2022 - Agriculture and Human Values 40 (2):581-597.
    Based on the French notion of terroir or ‘the taste of place,’ a certified geographical indication (GI) identifies an agro-food product as originating in a particular territory and suggests that its quality, reputation, or other characteristics are essentially or exclusively attributable to its geographical origin. Previous scholarship exploring the social construction of terroir has focused on how disparities in political, economic, and cultural power shape GI regulations, certification procedures, and territorial boundaries. While these works have considered knowledge as a (...)
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  28.  12
    Queen Jadwiga of Anjou’s influence on the composition of the Polish episcopate.Tomasz Graff - 2021 - Rocznik Filozoficzny Ignatianum 27 (2):19-56.
    This article aims to present Queen Jadwiga’ actual influence on nominations for episcopal sees during her reign and joint rule with Władysław Jagiełło. Until now, except for Krzysztof Ożóg, researchers expressed only a marginal interest in the subject. The author cites relevant views contained in all major studies on Jadwiga’s reign as well as analyses all available sources, mainly printed ones, both papal documents and chronicles, with special regard to the works of Jan Długosz. Using the induction method, the author (...)
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  29.  45
    A Neural Network Model for AttributeBased Decision Processes.Marius Usher & Dan Zakay - 1993 - Cognitive Science 17 (3):349-396.
    We propose a neural model of multiattribute-decision processes, based on an attractor neural network with dynamic thresholds. The model may be viewed as a generalization of the elimination by aspects model, whereby simultaneous selection of several aspects is allowed. Depending on the amount of synaptic inhibition, various kinds of scanning strategies may be performed, leading in some cases to vacillations among the alternatives. The model predicts that decisions of a longer time duration exhibit a lower violation of the simple (...)
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  30.  21
    A note on the Berber head in London.Duane W. Roller - 2002 - Journal of Hellenic Studies 122:144-146.
    The well-known ¿Berber Head¿ in the British Museum, found at Kyrene in 1861, has long defied exact stylistic analysis. Its findspot provides no precise date, and ever since the excavators suggested that it was a piece from the fourth century bc, this dating has been sustained, generally through inertia. Yet recent scholars have become increasingly aware of the weakness of this date without offering specific alternatives other than a gradual down-dating. Its North African features indicate that it is a portrait (...)
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  31.  28
    Good and Bad Ways to Think about Religion and Politics by Robert Benne, and: The Way of Peace: Christian Life in the Face of Discord by James M. Childs Jr.Bruce P. Rittenhouse - 2013 - Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics 33 (1):195-197.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Good and Bad Ways to Think about Religion and Politics by Robert Benne, and: The Way of Peace: Christian Life in the Face of Discord by James M. Childs Jr.Bruce P. RittenhouseGood and Bad Ways to Think about Religion and Politics Robert Benne Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2010. 127 pp. $14.00The Way of Peace: Christian Life in the Face of Discord James M. Childs Jr. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, (...)
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  32. How Can We Accept 'Our' Decisions?: An Experimental Study on Lottocracy, Epistocracy, and Electoral Democracy.Akito Yamaguchi, Masaki Hata & Akira Inoue - 2024 - Japanese Journal of Political Science 24 (3):123-139.
    Lottocracy and epistocracy have received deeply insightful attention as political regimes. Herein, by conducting an experiment using an online survey, we explored the extent to which public opinion is receptive to political decisions under various regimes regarding two environmental policies: education policy and environmental tax policy. By doing so, we examined whether the presence of tax burdens affected the acceptability of political regimes, i.e., electoral democracy, lottocracy, and epistocracy. Our results revealed that decisions based on lottocracy and (...)
     
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  33.  1
    Inaccessibility of induced abortion in Türkiye: Bioethics in the shadow of reproductive governance.Maide Barıș - forthcoming - Developing World Bioethics.
    In Türkiye, although induced abortion (I/A) is legal and recognized as a free public health service within the first ten weeks of pregnancy, reports and qualitative studies indicate that women encounter difficulties accessing I/A services in public health institutions. This paper suggests, based on various local reports and studies, that the denial of I/A in the last decade is, in part, attributable to various reproductive governance mechanisms that create a chilling effect on clinicians and institutions, making them unwilling to (...)
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  34.  34
    Preservation of Static Lifeless Landscapes in the Antarctic Dry Valleys and the Atacama Desert and Applications to the Moon and Mars.Christopher P. McKay - 2021 - Ethics and the Environment 26 (1):105-120.
    Abstract:Environmental ethics and policy have been largely developed around the concept of nature as a dynamic collection of living beings in direct interaction with humans. However, when we consider the Moon, Mars, and other worlds we encounter profoundly static and lifeless nature with essentially no history of human interaction. On what basis do we make decisions on the preservation or utilization of such lifeless landscapes? Here I suggest that static lifeless landscapes on other worlds have some parallels on Earth (...)
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  35.  27
    Service User Perspectives on the ‘Ethically Good Practitioner’. Amy, Claire, Jordan & Glen - 2010 - Ethics and Social Welfare 4 (1):91-97.
    This short paper is based on a presentation delivered by four young people from Sunderland Children Services—Amy, Claire, Jordan and Glen (supported by Grace Roddam, Young People's Training and Development Mentor, and Dave Laverick, Workforce Development Consultant)—at the ‘Learning Professional Wisdom: Courage and Compassion’ Ethics and Social Welfare conference, which took place on 15 May 2009 at St Mary's College, Durham University, UK. The conference was organized by the newly formed Ethics and Social Welfare network, with support from the (...)
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  36.  20
    Climate Change Mitigation Justice and the No-Harm Principle.Frédéric-Paul Piguet - 2019 - Humanistyka I Przyrodoznawstwo 24:49-85.
    When translated into concrete policy, any allocation of emissions leads to the attribution of emissions rights based on distributive justice. Consequently, the distributive justice approach legitimizes the corresponding amount of emissions. If a certain level of emissions can receive emissions rights, provided they are compatible with a certain emissions budget, to allocate emissions rights when the dangerous concentration level has been overshot could understate the need to preserve the functioning of a “balanced” climate system. From the perspective of (...)
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  37. The Trouble with Algorithmic Decisions: An Analytic Road Map to Examine Efficiency and Fairness in Automated and Opaque Decision Making.Tal Zarsky - 2016 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 41 (1):118-132.
    We are currently witnessing a sharp rise in the use of algorithmic decision-making tools. In these instances, a new wave of policy concerns is set forth. This article strives to map out these issues, separating the wheat from the chaff. It aims to provide policy makers and scholars with a comprehensive framework for approaching these thorny issues in their various capacities. To achieve this objective, this article focuses its attention on a general analytical framework, which will be applied (...)
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  38. What range of future scenarios should climate policy be based on? Modal falsificationism and its limitations.Gregor Betz - 2009 - Philosophia Naturalis 46 (1):133-158.
    Climate policy decisions are decisions under uncertainty and are, therefore, based on a range of future climate scenarios, describing possible consequences of alternative policies. Accordingly, the methodology for setting up such a scenario range becomes pivotal in climate policy advice. The preferred methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change will be characterised as ,,modal verificationism"; it suffers from severe shortcomings which disqualify it for scientific policy advice. Modal falsificationism, as a more sound alternative, would radically (...)
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  39.  45
    The “Violent Resident”: A Critical Exploration of the Ethics of Resident-to-Resident Aggression.Alisa Grigorovich, Pia Kontos & Alexis P. Kontos - 2019 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 16 (2):173-183.
    Resident-to-resident aggression is quite prevalent in long-term care settings. Within popular and empirical accounts, this form of aggression is most commonly attributed to the actions of an aberrant individual living with dementia characterized as the “violent resident.” It is often a medical diagnosis of dementia that is highlighted as the ultimate cause of aggression. This neglects the fact that acts of aggression are influenced by broader structural conditions. This has ethical implications in that the emphasis on individual aberration informs public (...)
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  40.  60
    Collective Agents and Cognitive Attitudes.Anthonie Meijers - 2002 - ProtoSociology 16:70-85.
    Propositional attitudes, such as beliefs, desires, and intentions, can be attributed to collective agents. In my paper I focus on cognitive attitudes, and I explore the various types of collective beliefs. I argue that there is a whole spectrum of collective beliefs, and I distinguish between two extremes: the weak opinion poll conception and the strong agreement-based conception. Strong collective beliefs should be understood in terms of the acceptance of a proposition rather than of belief proper. They are not (...)
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  41.  41
    Should Researchers Offer Results to Family Members of Cancer Biobank Participants? A Mixed-Methods Study of Proband and Family Preferences.Deborah R. Gordon, Carmen Radecki Breitkopf, Marguerite Robinson, Wesley O. Petersen, Jason S. Egginton, Kari G. Chaffee, Gloria M. Petersen, Susan M. Wolf & Barbara A. Koenig - 2019 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 10 (1):1-22.
    Background: Genomic analysis may reveal both primary and secondary findings with direct relevance to the health of probands’ biological relatives. Researchers question their obligations to return findings not only to participants but also to family members. Given the social value of privacy protection, should researchers offer a proband’s results to family members, including after the proband’s death? Methods: Preferences were elicited using interviews and a survey. Respondents included probands from two pancreatic cancer research resources, plus biological and nonbiological family members. (...)
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  42. Correction: Ethical use of artificial intelligence to prevent sudden cardiac death: an interview study of patient perspectives.Menno T. Maris, Ayca Koçar, Dick L. Willems, Jeannette Pols, Hanno L. Tan, Georg L. Lindinger & Marieke A. R. Bak - 2024 - BMC Medical Ethics 25 (1):1-2.
    BackgroundThe emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has prompted the development of numerous ethical guidelines, while the involvement of patients in the creation of these documents lags behind. As part of the European PROFID project we explore patient perspectives on the ethical implications of AI in care for patients at increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD).AimExplore perspectives of patients on the ethical use of AI, particularly in clinical decision-making regarding the implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).MethodsSemi-structured, future scenario- (...) interviews were conducted among patients who had either an ICD and/or a heart condition with increased risk of SCD in Germany (n = 9) and the Netherlands (n = 15). We used the principles of the European Commission’s Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI to structure the interviews.ResultsSix themes arose from the interviews: the ability of AI to rectify human doctors’ limitations; the objectivity of data; whether AI can serve as second opinion; AI explainability and patient trust; the importance of the ‘human touch’; and the personalization of care. Overall, our results reveal a strong desire among patients for more personalized and patient-centered care in the context of ICD implantation. Participants in our study express significant concerns about the further loss of the ‘human touch’ in healthcare when AI is introduced in clinical settings. They believe that this aspect of care is currently inadequately recognized in clinical practice. Participants attribute to doctors the responsibility of evaluating AI recommendations for clinical relevance and aligning them with patients’ individual contexts and values, in consultation with the patient.ConclusionThe ‘human touch’ patients exclusively ascribe to human medical practitioners extends beyond sympathy and kindness, and has clinical relevance in medical decision-making. Because this cannot be replaced by AI, we suggest that normative research into the ‘right to a human doctor’ is needed. Furthermore, policies on patient-centered AI integration in clinical practice should encompass the ethics of everyday practice rather than only principle-based ethics. We suggest that an empirical ethics approach grounded in ethnographic research is exceptionally well-suited to pave the way forward. (shrink)
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  43.  45
    Patient advocacy in nursing: A concept analysis.Mohammad Abbasinia, Fazlollah Ahmadi & Anoshirvan Kazemnejad - 2020 - Nursing Ethics 27 (1):141-151.
    Background: The concept of patient advocacy is still poorly understood and not clearly conceptualized. Therefore, there is a gap between the ideal of patient advocacy and the reality of practice. In order to increase nursing actions as a patient advocate, a comprehensive and clear definition of this concept is necessary. Research objective: This study aimed to offer a comprehensive and clear definition of patient advocacy. Research design: A total of 46 articles and 2 books published between 1850 and 2016 and (...)
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  44. An Operational Definition of Institutional Beliefs.Cuizhu Wang, Simon Graf & Konrad Werner - forthcoming - In Adam Dyrda, Maciej Juzaszek, Bartosz Biskup & Cuizhu Wang, Ethics of Institutional Beliefs: From Theoretical to Empirical. Edward Elgar.
    Some of our beliefs are institutional; that is, beliefs whose content is to a large extent shaped by institutions, such as beliefs about intellectual property, trade policy, or traffic rules. In this chapter, we propose a novel account of institutional beliefs, as we call them. In particular, we argue that institutional beliefs are primarily attributable to social entities, such as groups or collectives, and only secondarily to individual agents. This is because institutional beliefs respond to specific problems that, in (...)
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  45. The Rights of Future People.Robert Elliot - 1989 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 6 (2):159-170.
    It has been argued by some that the present non-existence of future persons entails that whatever obligations we have towards them are not based on rights which they have or might come to have. This view is refuted. It is argued that the present non-existence of future persons is no impediment to the attribution of rights to them. It is also argued that, even if the present non-existence of future persons were an impediment to the attribution of rights to (...)
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  46.  21
    Towards the Development of an Empirical Model for Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from the Middle East.Petya Koleva - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 171 (4):789-813.
    Academic research suggests that variances in contextual dynamics, and more specifically religion, may lead to disparate perceptions and practices of corporate social responsibility. Driven by the increased geopolitical and economic importance of the Middle East and identified gaps in knowledge, the study aims to examine if indeed there is a divergent form of CSR exercised in the region. The study identifies unique CSR dimensions and constructs presented through an empirical framework in order to outline the practice and perception of CSR (...)
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  47.  26
    Ethics and Collateral Findings in Pragmatic Clinical Trials.Stephanie R. Morain, Kevin Weinfurt, Juli Bollinger, Gail Geller, Debra J. H. Mathews & Jeremy Sugarman - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (1):6-18.
    Pragmatic clinical trials offer important benefits, such as generating evidence that is suited to inform real-world health care decisions and increasing research efficiency. However, PCTs also present ethical challenges. One such challenge involves the management of information that emerges in a PCT that is unrelated to the primary research question, yet may have implications for the individual patients, clinicians, or health care systems from whom or within which research data were collected. We term these findings as?pragmatic clinical trial collateral findings,? (...)
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    Does the heterogeneity of autism undermine the neurodiversity paradigm?Jonathan A. Hughes - 2021 - Bioethics 35 (1):47-60.
    The neurodiversity paradigm is presented by its proponents as providing a philosophical foundation for the activism of the neurodiversity movement. Its central claims are that autism and other neurodivergent conditions are not disorders because they are not intrinsically harmful, and that they are valuable, natural and/or normal parts of human neurocognitive variation. This paper: (a) identifies the non‐disorder claim as the most central of these, based on its prominence in the literature and connections with the practical policy claims (...)
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    The Nordic data imaginary.Heta Tarkkala, Karoliina Snell & Aaro Tupasela - 2020 - Big Data and Society 7 (1).
    The Nordic countries aim to have a unique place within the European and global health data economy. They have extensive nationally maintained and centralized health data records, as well as numerous biobanks where data from individuals can be connected based on personal identification numbers. Much of this phenomenon can be attributed to the emergence and development of the Nordic welfare state, where Nordic countries sought to systematically collect large amounts of population data to guide decision making and improve the (...)
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  50.  55
    Datatrust: Or, the political quest for numerical evidence and the epistemologies of Big Data.Gernot Rieder & Judith Simon - 2016 - Big Data and Society 3 (1).
    Recently, there has been renewed interest in so-called evidence-based policy making. Enticed by the grand promises of Big Data, public officials seem increasingly inclined to experiment with more data-driven forms of governance. But while the rise of Big Data and related consequences has been a major issue of concern across different disciplines, attempts to develop a better understanding of the phenomenon's historical foundations have been rare. This short commentary addresses this gap by situating the current push for numerical (...)
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