Les fruits d’un colloque canadien (Rimouski, septembre 2007) qui associait à des critiques confirmés bon nombre de jeunes chercheurs sont maintenant disponibles sous la forme d’un nouveau volume de « L’École du genre ». Les contributions présentées ici sont au nombre de vingt-huit, auxquelles s’ajoutent une introduction par Claude La Charité, un état des recherches dressé par Diane Desrosiers puis une bibliographie (peut-être trop) sélective. Saluons d’emblée la richesse et la diversité de ce...

ABSTRACT Arnaud Dandieu (1897–1933), a Personalist transdisciplinary thinker, joined up with Claude Chevalley (1909–84), cofounder of the Bourbaki group of mathematicians, to conduct a phenomenological study of the scientist’s activity over several articles. It shows the current development of “carnal hermeneutics” already present among the earliest manifestations of French phenomenology, in a tactile approach to the sense of depth as key to the search for knowledge, from the sorcerer to the scientist, building on the phenomenological psychology of Eugène Minkowski (...) (1885–1972). Dandieu and Chevalley’s “rational act of exclusion” takes the irrational concrete as the fulcrum of a heroic psychological breakthrough to purely logical abstraction, inseparable from its existential ground in embodied personhood. The present article will use their little-known articles to document the conscious emergence of a distinctly French school of phenomenology, eschewing from the start, twenty years before Merleau-Ponty, the neglect of multisensory experience in the flesh decried by critics of its German tradition. (shrink)

The increased use of human biological material for cell-based research and clinical interventions poses risks to the privacy of patients and donors, including the possibility of re-identification of individuals from anonymized cell lines and associated genetic data. These risks will increase as technologies and databases used for re-identification become affordable and more sophisticated. Policies that require ongoing linkage of cell lines to donors’ clinical information for research and regulatory purposes, and existing practices that limit research participants’ ability to control what (...) is done with their genetic data, amplify the privacy concerns. (shrink)

The article is an attempt to examine the literary treatment of the biblical material in three novels by Loys Masson, a Mauritian writer who lived in France the two thirds of his life: The Tortoises (1956), Advocate of the Isle (1961), The Nuptials of the Vanilla (1962). We first formulate a definition of literary myth, distinguished with biblical myth, then apply it to the symbolic narratives of this poet and novelist, who was a Catholic and a communist, and whom his (...) friend Claude Roy presented as an « Adam attempting to place the responsability for his sin onto God ». (shrink)

I argue that any approach to affordances that stays close to the letter of the law is not able to account for human agency and meaningful experience….

Editor's Preface Roy Wood Sellars's contributions to philosophy have been epochal. The originator and persistent elaborator of critical realism, ...

Pour décrire les moyens dont dispose l�individu pour se constituer en personne (partagée entre l�identité du caractère, l�idem, et le soi plus personnel et moral de l�ipse), Paul Ric�ur, dans Soi-même comme un autre (Paris, Seuil 1990), emprunte aux linguistes deux ensembles conceptuels : les références identifiantes (noms propres) et les actes d�autodésignation du je. Mais, par ce double biais, la pragmatique linguistique conduirait, selon lui, à une impasse, éludant finalement la question du qui? C�est oublier que, dans l�énonciation, le (...) je lui-même acquiert une certaine épaisseur sémantique. Une poésie mimétique d�action comme la poésie lyrique grecque montre le rôle que peut jouer dans la constitution du moi une identité énonciative collective, qui inscrit d�emblée la dialectique entre l�idem et l�ipse dans le rapport avec les autres, sans référence ni métaphysique ni théologique. (shrink)

At the center of the following essay is an analysis of At the Mind's Limits by Jean Améry––philosopher and survivor of Auschwitz. The essay tries to define and refine, via comparison and contrast with works by Hannah Arendt and René Descartes, the unique conception of morality that arises from Améry's text. “Victim morality,” as it will be called here, is a non-normative morality which is patient and victim-based rather than agent or actor-based. It is grounded in a heightened exposure and (...) sensitivity to reality and suffering, which results from a reduction of a human being to “a bundle of reactions.” This process cannot be voluntarily undertaken but is violently undergone. The claim is that morality not only survives the loss of humanity but is only fully exposed where humanity falters. My torturers were not interested in degrees of pain. They were interested only in demonstrating to me what it meant to live in a body, as a body, a body that can entertain notions of justice only as long as it is whole and well …. They did not come to force the story out of me of what I had said to the barbarians and what the barbarians had said to me …. They came to my cell to show me the meaning of humanity, and in the space of an hour they showed me a great deal. –J. M. Coetzee, Waiting for the Barbarians. (shrink)

Reflective waking mentation is supported by cortical activating and inhibitory processes. The thought-like mental content of slow wave sleep appears with lower levels of both kinds of influence. During REM sleep, the equation: activation + disinhibition + dopamine may explain the often psychotic-like mode of psychological functioning. [Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Revonsuo; Solms; Vertes & Eastman].

Cet article cherche à mettre en lumière les modalités complexes qui, dans la théologie morale catholique, unissent pratique sexuelle et violence. Il le fait en prenant comme référence un moment spécifique (les années 1820) dans un espace singulier (la France malthusienne). Le théologien Jean-Baptiste Bouvier, acteur principal de cette réflexion, prenant acte de la réalité de la limitation des naissances par coitus interruptus, propose la fiction vraie de la non-culpabilité de la femme à laquelle son mari impose sa pratique par (...) la force. Or ce scénario, élaboré pour déculpabiliser les femmes mariées fidèles à l’Église, va beaucoup plus loin que son aspect circonstanciel. En effet il déconstruit un rigorisme doctrinal, officiel en France depuis 1700, selon lequel, en cas de viol, une part de responsabilité – et donc de culpabilité – est imputée à la femme si elle ne s’oppose pas de manière visible, audible et tangible à la violence qu’elle subit. (shrink)

The evidence for a panhuman, cognitively rooted, essence-based concept of basic natural kind and for certain prototypical phenomenal forms is increasingly compelling, but there remain doubts as to whether these two elements combine with a principle of taxonomy to form a unified, domain-specific theory in the way Atran claims. The appropriateness of the notion of meme can also be questioned, as can the assertion that humans are always grouped in ethnobiological classifications in unambiguous contrast to other animals.

The current spread of coronavirus has caught our modern world by surprise, which leads to widespread panic, fear and confusion. However, if we view the unfolding of these events from a scientific historical perspective of past human evolution, we may discover the reoccurring patterns of the environmental conditions that give rise to such epidemics. Hence, we can figure out better methods to prepare and react to the infectious agents that spread diseases that have shaped the course of human history before. (...) Here, I propose a holistic view of human evolution, with an interdisciplinary approach that studies how cyclic variation in solar UV energy affects the evolution of viruses and shapes the symbiotic dynamics of human life on earth. (shrink)

During World War I, in response to substantial advancements in wartime surveillance, it became a common practice to rely on “vision specialists” to devise effective methods of fooling the enemy. These methods, collectively referred to now as camouflage, were designed by so-called camoufleurs, men who in civilian life had been trained as artists, graphic designers, architects, and theatre scenographers. Among the techniques they employed were perspective-based spatial distortions, of the sort that are also frequently used in theatrical set design, trompe (...) l’oeil paintings, and wildlife displays. This paper describes these methods, explains how they were intended to work, and discusses their effectiveness. (shrink)