Results for 'Data Structures and Information Theory. '

977 found
Order:
  1. Integrated Information Theory A Promising but Ultimately Incomplete Theory of Consciousness.Michael Cerullo - 2011 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 18 (11-12):11-12.
    Tononi has proposed a fundamental theory of consciousness he terms Integrated Information Theory (IIT). IIT purports to explain the quantity of conscious experience by linking it with integrated information: information shared by the system as a whole and quantified by adopting a modified version of Shannon's definition of information. Since the fundamental aspect of IIT is information the theory allows for the multiple realizability of consciousness. While there are several concepts within IIT that need further (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  2.  28
    Bernard Dionysius Geoghegan, Code: From Information Theory to French Theory.Carolyn Pedwell - 2023 - Theory, Culture and Society 40 (7-8):293-299.
    Assembling a distinctive genealogy of cybernetic thought situated in relation to Progressive Era technocracy, industrial capitalism, (de)colonial relations, and eugenic machinery, Code uncovers the vital interdependence of informatics, the humanities, and the human sciences in the 20th century. Rather than figuring cybernetics as emerging from Second World War military technologies and post-war digital computing, Code argues that liberal technocrats’ inter-war visions of social welfare delivered via ‘neutral’ communication techniques shaped the informatic interventions of both the Second World War and the (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  3. Structural explanation from Special Relativity to Quantum Information Theory.Laura Felline - 2010 - In Marcello D'Agostino, Federico Laudisa, Giulio Giorello, Telmo Pievani & Corrado Sinigaglia, New Essays in Logic and Philosophy of Science. College Publications.
  4. Toward a general theory of knowledge.Luis M. Augusto - 2020 - Journal of Knowledge Structures and Systems 1 (1):63-97.
    For millennia, knowledge has eluded a precise definition. The industrialization of knowledge (IoK) and the associated proliferation of the so-called knowledge communities in the last few decades caused this state of affairs to deteriorate, namely by creating a trio composed of data, knowledge, and information (DIK) that is not unlike the aporia of the trinity in philosophy. This calls for a general theory of knowledge (ToK) that can work as a foundation for a science of knowledge (SoK) and (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  5.  33
    The Mathematical Structure of Integrated Information Theory.Johannes Kleiner & Sean Tull - 2020 - Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics 6.
    Integrated Information Theory is one of the leading models of consciousness. It aims to describe both the quality and quantity of the conscious experience of a physical system, such as the brain, in a particular state. In this contribution, we propound the mathematical structure of the theory, separating the essentials from auxiliary formal tools. We provide a definition of a generalized IIT which has IIT 3.0 of Tononi et al., as well as the Quantum IIT introduced by Zanardi et (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  6. From open data to information justice.Jeffrey Alan Johnson - 2014 - Ethics and Information Technology 16 (4):263-274.
    This paper argues for subsuming the question of open data within a larger question of information justice, with the immediate aim being to establish the need for rather than the principles of such a theory. I show that there are several problems of justice that emerge as a consequence of opening data to full public accessibility, and are generally a consequence of the failure of the open data movement to understand the constructed nature of data. (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  7.  44
    Information theory and the problem of molecular structure.John F. Cyranski - 1985 - Foundations of Physics 15 (8):833-849.
    Recently it has been shown that the classical “stick and ball” viewpoint of molecules is inconsistent with quantum theory (QT). We suggest an unusual reconciliation: The QT state is not a physical property, but instead reflects our state of knowledge about observable aspects of “reality.” We show how this perspective is nevertheless objective. Applied to molecules, the view permits “structure” to exist only when observable evidence is compatible with this feature. Typically one must replace the a priori model (in particular, (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  8. Information before information theory: The politics of data beyond the perspective of communication.Colin Koopman - forthcoming - New Media and Society.
    Scholarship on the politics of new media widely assumes that communication functions as a sufficient conceptual paradigm for critically assessing new media politics. This article argues that communication-centric analyses fail to engage the politics of information itself, limiting information only to its consequences for communication, and neglecting information as it reaches into our selves, lives, and actions beyond the confines of communication. Furthering recent new media historiography on the “information theory” of Shannon and Wiener, the article (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  9.  87
    Formal Causation in Integrated Information Theory: An Answer to the Intrinsicality Problem.Javier Sánchez-Cañizares - 2021 - Foundations of Science 27 (1):77-94.
    Integrated Information Theory (IIT) stands out as one of the most promising theories for dealing with the hard problem of consciousness. Founded on five axioms derived from phenomenology, IIT seeks for the physical substrate of consciousness that complies with such axioms according to the criterion of maximally integrated information (Φ). Eventually, IIT identifies phenomenal consciousness with maximal Φ or, what is the same thing, with the strongest cause-effect power in the system. Among the scholars critical of this theory, (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  10.  80
    Integrated Information is not Causation: Why Integrated Information Theory’s Causal Structures do not Beat Causal Reductionism.Javier Sánchez-Cañizares - 2023 - Philosophia 51 (5):2439-2455.
    In a recent work (Grasso et al., 2021 ), practitioners of the Integrated Information Theory (IIT) claim to have overcome the weaknesses of causal reductionism in producing a coherent account of causation, as causal reductionism would blatantly conflate causation with prediction and could not answer the question of ‘what caused what.’ In this paper, I reject such a dismissal of causal reductionism since IIT anti-reductionists misunderstand the reductionist stance. The reductionists can still invoke a causal account stemming from the (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  11. The Structure of Scientific Theories.Rasmus Grønfeldt Winther - 2015 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Scientific inquiry has led to immense explanatory and technological successes, partly as a result of the pervasiveness of scientific theories. Relativity theory, evolutionary theory, and plate tectonics were, and continue to be, wildly successful families of theories within physics, biology, and geology. Other powerful theory clusters inhabit comparatively recent disciplines such as cognitive science, climate science, molecular biology, microeconomics, and Geographic Information Science (GIS). Effective scientific theories magnify understanding, help supply legitimate explanations, and assist in formulating predictions. Moving from (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   48 citations  
  12.  79
    The Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness.Giulio Tononi - 2007 - In Max Velmans & Susan Schneider, The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness. New York: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 243–256.
    Integrated information theory (IIT) starts from the essential properties of experience and translates them into requirements that any physical system must satisfy to be conscious. It argues that the physical substrate of consciousness (PSC) must constitute a maximum of irreducible, internal cause‐effect power of a specific form, and provides a calculus to determine, in principle, both the quality and the quantity of an experience. Applied to the brain, IIT predicts that the spatio‐temporal grain of the neural units constituting the (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  13. The Fundamental Tension in Integrated Information Theory 4.0’s Realist Idealism.Ignacio Cea - 2023 - Entropy 25 (10).
    Integrated Information Theory (IIT) is currently one of the most influential scientific theories of consciousness. Here, we focus specifically on a metaphysical aspect of the theory’s most recent version (IIT 4.0), what we may call its idealistic ontology, and its tension with a kind of realism about the external world that IIT also endorses. IIT 4.0 openly rejects the mainstream view that consciousness is generated by the brain, positing instead that consciousness is ontologically primary while the physical domain is (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  14.  57
    New information-theoretic foundations for quantum statistics.William Band & James L. Park - 1976 - Foundations of Physics 6 (3):249-262.
    When the state of a physical system is not fully determined by available data, it should be possible nevertheless to make a systematic guess concerning the unknown state by applying the principles of information theory. The resulting theoretical blend of informational and mechanical constructs should then constitute a modern structure for statistical physics. Such a program has been attempted by a number of authors, most notably Jaynes, with seeming success. However, we demonstrated in a recent publication that the (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  15.  85
    Granular Interaction Thinking Theory in Open Science: A Novel Approach for Enhancing the Plausibility of Social Sciences.Minh-Hoang Nguyen, Viet-Phuong La & Quan-Hoang Vuong - manuscript
    The reproducibility crisis in social sciences has revealed significant weaknesses in conventional research practices, including selective publication, questionable statistical methods, and opaque peer review processes. This paper introduces Granular Interaction Thinking Theory (GITT) as a novel framework for understanding the plausibility of scientific findings, conceptualizing knowledge validation as a structured entropy-reduction process. Within this framework, open science practices—such as open data, open review, and open dialogue—initially increase informational entropy by exposing inconsistencies. However, through iterative refinement, they ultimately enhance the (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  16.  63
    Informational Equivalence but Computational Differences? Herbert Simon on Representations in Scientific Practice.David Waszek - 2024 - Minds and Machines 34 (1):93-116.
    To explain why, in scientific problem solving, a diagram can be “worth ten thousand words,” Jill Larkin and Herbert Simon (1987) relied on a computer model: two representations can be “informationally” equivalent but differ “computationally,” just as the same data can be encoded in a computer in multiple ways, more or less suited to different kinds of processing. The roots of this proposal lay in cognitive psychology, more precisely in the “imagery debate” of the 1970s on whether there are (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  17. The use of information theory in epistemology.William F. Harms - 1998 - Philosophy of Science 65 (3):472-501.
    Information theory offers a measure of "mutual information" which provides an appropriate measure of tracking efficiency for the naturalistic epistemologist. The statistical entropy on which it is based is arguably the best way of characterizing the uncertainty associated with the behavior of a system, and it is ontologically neutral. Though not appropriate for the naturalization of meaning, mutual information can serve as a measure of epistemic success independent of semantic maps and payoff structures. While not containing (...)
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   9 citations  
  18. A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness.Bernard J. Baars - 1988 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Conscious experience is one of the most difficult and thorny problems in psychological science. Its study has been neglected for many years, either because it was thought to be too difficult, or because the relevant evidence was thought to be poor. Bernard Baars suggests a way to specify empirical constraints on a theory of consciousness by contrasting well-established conscious phenomena - such as stimulus representations known to be attended, perceptual, and informative - with closely comparable unconscious ones - such as (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   593 citations  
  19. A Script Theory of Intentional Content.Mazen Maurice Guirguis - 2003 - Dissertation, The University of British Columbia (Canada)
    Fred Dretske claimed that the essence of the kind of cognitive activity that gives rise to Intentional mental states is a process by which the analogue information coming from a source-object is transformed into digital form. It is this analogue-to-digital conversion of data that enables us to form concepts of things. But this achievement comes with a cost, since the conversion must involve a loss of information. The price we pay for the lost information is a (...)
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  20.  65
    Can Computational Goals Inform Theories of Vision?Barton L. Anderson - 2015 - Topics in Cognitive Science 7 (2):274-286.
    One of the most lasting contributions of Marr's posthumous book is his articulation of the different “levels of analysis” that are needed to understand vision. Although a variety of work has examined how these different levels are related, there is comparatively little examination of the assumptions on which his proposed levels rest, or the plausibility of the approach Marr articulated given those assumptions. Marr placed particular significance on computational level theory, which specifies the “goal” of a computation, its appropriateness for (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  21. On Explaining Non-dynamically the Quantum Correlations Via Quantum Information Theory: What It Takes.Laura Felline & Mauro Dorato - 2018 - In Sven Ove Hansson, Technology and Mathematics: Philosophical and Historical Investigations. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Verlag.
    Within the current mainstream research in the foundations of physics, much attention has been turned to the program of Axiomatic Reconstruction of Quantum Theory in terms of Information-Theoretic principles (ARQIT). ARQIT aims at finding a few general information-theoretic principles from which, once translated into mathematical terms, one can formally derive the structure of quantum theory. This chapter explores the role of mechanistic explanations and mathematical explanations (in particular, structural explanations) within ARQIT. With such considerations as a point of (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  22.  7
    The Integrated Information Theory Needs Attention.Azenet Lopez & Carlos Montemayor - forthcoming - Erkenntnis:1-25.
    The Integrated Information Theory (IIT) might be our current best bet at a scientific explanation of phenomenal consciousness. IIT focuses on the distinctively subjective and phenomenological aspects of conscious experience. Currently, it offers the fundaments of a formal account, but future developments shall explain the qualitative structures of every possible conscious experience. But this ambitious project is hindered by one fundamental limitation. IIT fails to acknowledge the crucial roles of attention in generating phenomenally conscious experience and shaping its (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  23.  73
    Emergentist Integrated Information Theory.Niccolò Negro - 2024 - Erkenntnis 89 (5):1949-1971.
    The integrated information theory (IIT) is an ambitious theory of consciousness that aims to provide both a neuroscientific and a metaphysical account of consciousness by identifying consciousness with integrated information. In the philosophical literature, IIT is often associated with a panpsychist worldview. In this paper, I show that IIT can be considered, instead, as a form of emergentism that is incompatible with panpsychism. First, I show that the panpsychist interpretation of IIT is based on two properties of integrated (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  24. A pattern-recognition theory of search in expert problem solving.Fernand Gobet - 1997 - Thinking and Reasoning 3 (4):291 – 313.
    Understanding how look-ahead search and pattern recognition interact is one of the important research questions in the study of expert problem solving. This paper examines the implications of the template theory Gobet & Simon, 1996a , a recent theory of expert memory, on the theory of problem solving in chess. Templates are chunks Chase & Simon, 1973 that have evolved into more complex data structures and that possess slots allowing values to be encoded rapidly. Templates may facilitate search (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  25.  68
    Informational darwinism.Arthur B. Cody - 2000 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 43 (2):167 – 179.
    The Theory of Evolution has, since Darwin, been sustained by contributions from many sciences, most especially from molecular biology. Philosophers, like biologists and the man in the street, have accepted the idea that the contemporary form of evolutionary theory has arrived at a convincing and final structure. As it now stands, natural selection is thought to work through the information-handling mechanism of the DNA molecule. Variation in the genome?s constructive message is achieved through random errors of processing called mutations. (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  26.  71
    Why Integrated Information Theory Must Fail on its Own Causal Terms.T. van Stekelenburg & J. C. W. Edwards - 2020 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 27 (7-8):144-164.
    In defining physical (i.e. causal dynamic) units to which conscious experience is to be ascribed, integrated information theory (IIT) raises three notable requirements: (1) that a unit to which consciousness is ascribed must be defined, or circumscribed, by some intrinsic aspect or property, where intrinsic implies existing 'for itself' or 'from its point of view'; (2) that the intrinsic aspect that defines the unit to which consciousness is ascribed must be dynamic (i.e. involve causal power) rather than purely structural (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  27. Intervening on the Causal Exclusion Problem for Integrated Information Theory.Matthew Baxendale & Garrett Mindt - 2018 - Minds and Machines 28 (2):331-351.
    In this paper, we examine the causal framework within which integrated information theory of consciousness makes it claims. We argue that, in its current formulation, IIT is threatened by the causal exclusion problem. Some proponents of IIT have attempted to thwart the causal exclusion problem by arguing that IIT has the resources to demonstrate genuine causal emergence at macro scales. In contrast, we argue that their proposed solution to the problem is damagingly circular as a result of inter-defining (...) and causation. As a solution, we propose that IIT should adopt the specific interventionist causal framework that we offer and show how IIT can harness this interventionist framework to avoid the causal exclusion problem. We demonstrate how our argument remains fully compatible with the methodology, empirical data, and conceptual aims of the theory. (shrink)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  28.  13
    Information Structure in Discourse: Towards an Integrated Formal Theory of Pragmatics.Craige Roberts - 1996 - Semantics and Pragmatics 5:1-69.
    A framework for pragmatic analysis is proposed which treats discourse as a game, with context as a scoreboard organized around the questions under discussion by the interlocutors. The framework is intended to be coordinated with a dynamic compositional semantics. Accordingly, the context of utterance is modeled as a tuple of different types of information, and the questions therein — modeled, as is usual in formal semantics, as alternative sets of propositions — constrain the felicitous flow of discourse. A requirement (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   294 citations  
  29. The Problem with the 'Information' in Integrated Information Theory.Garrett Mindt - 2017 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 24 (7-8):130-154.
    Integrated Information Theory (IIT) of Consciousness is becoming an increasingly popular neuroscientific account of phenomenal experience. IIT claims that consciousness is integrated information in a system. I set this theory against the hard problem of consciousness (Chalmers, 1996, 1995) as the goal for a theory of consciousness to meet. In this essay I look to examine and ultimately critique IIT’s use of the notion of information to base a theory of consciousness. I argue that the notion of (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  30. What an Entangled Web We Weave: An Information-centric Approach to Time-evolving Socio-technical Systems.Markus Luczak-Roesch, Kieron O’Hara, Jesse David Dinneen & Ramine Tinati - 2018 - Minds and Machines 28 (4):709-733.
    A new layer of complexity, constituted of networks of information token recurrence, has been identified in socio-technical systems such as the Wikipedia online community and the Zooniverse citizen science platform. The identification of this complexity reveals that our current understanding of the actual structure of those systems, and consequently the structure of the entire World Wide Web, is incomplete, which raises novel questions for data science research but also from the perspective of social epistemology. Here we establish the (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  31.  59
    Can the Integrated Information Theory Explain Consciousness from Consciousness Itself?Niccolò Negro - 2023 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 14 (4):1471-1489.
    In consciousness science, theories often differ not only in the account of consciousness they arrive at, but also with respect to how they understand their starting point. Some approaches begin with experimentally gathered data, whereas others begin with phenomenologically gathered data. In this paper, I analyse how the most influential phenomenology-first approach, namely the Integrated Information Theory (IIT) of consciousness, fits its phenomenologically gathered data with explanatory hypotheses. First, I show that experimentally driven approaches hit an (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  32.  7
    Compromised informed consent due to functional health literacy challenges in Chinese hospitals.Dangui Zhang, Zhilin Hu, Zhuojia Wu, Ting Huang, Tingting Huang, Junhao Liu, Hongkun Sun & William Ba-Thein - 2024 - BMC Medical Ethics 25 (1):1-9.
    Medical informed consent stands as an ethical and legal requisite preceding any medical intervention. Hospitalized patients face functional health literacy (FHL) challenges when dealing with informed consent forms (ICFs). The legitimacy of ICFs and informed consent procedures in China remains substantially undisclosed. The study’s aim was to investigate if Chinese patients have adequate FHL to be truly informed before providing medical consent. In this cross-sectional, structured interview-based study, FHL was assessed within the context of the informed consent scenarios in two (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  33.  37
    Two kinds of theory-laden cognitive processes: Distinguishing intransigence from dogmatism.Elias L. Khalil - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (3):218-219.
    The brain is involved in theory-laden cognitive processes. But there are two different theory-laden processes. In cases where the theory is based on facts, more facts can either falsify or confirm a theory. In cases where the theory is about the choice of a benchmark or a standard, more facts can only make a theory either more or less warranted. Clark offers a review of a view of the brain where the brain pro- cesses input information in a way (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  34.  30
    What Determines Visual Statistical Learning Performance? Insights From Information Theory.Noam Siegelman, Louisa Bogaerts & Ram Frost - 2019 - Cognitive Science 43 (12):e12803.
    In order to extract the regularities underlying a continuous sensory input, the individual elements constituting the stream have to be encoded and their transitional probabilities (TPs) should be learned. This suggests that variance in statistical learning (SL) performance reflects efficiency in encoding representations as well as efficiency in detecting their statistical properties. These processes have been taken to be independent and temporally modular, where first, elements in the stream are encoded into internal representations, and then the co‐occurrences between them are (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  35.  13
    Mathematical foundations of information sciences.Esfandiar Haghverdi - 2024 - New Jersey: World Scientific. Edited by Liugen Zhu.
    This is a concise book that introduces students to the basics of logical thinking and important mathematical structures that are critical for a solid understanding of logical formalisms themselves as well as for building the necessary background to tackle other fields that are based on these logical principles. Despite its compact and small size, it includes many solved problems and quite a few end-of-section exercises that will help readers consolidate their understanding of the material. This textbook is essential reading (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  36. On Representations of Intended Structures in Foundational Theories.Neil Barton, Moritz Müller & Mihai Prunescu - 2022 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 51 (2):283-296.
    Often philosophers, logicians, and mathematicians employ a notion of intended structure when talking about a branch of mathematics. In addition, we know that there are foundational mathematical theories that can find representatives for the objects of informal mathematics. In this paper, we examine how faithfully foundational theories can represent intended structures, and show that this question is closely linked to the decidability of the theory of the intended structure. We argue that this sheds light on the trade-off between expressive (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  37.  50
    In search of lost time: Integrated information theory needs constraints from temporal phenomenology.Ishan Singhal, Ramya Mudumba & Narayanan Srinivasan - 2022 - Philosophy and the Mind Sciences 3.
    Integrated information theory of consciousness proposes an identity between its causal structure and phenomenology. Through this assertion, IIT aims to explain consciousness by prioritizing first-person experience. However, despite its phenomenology-first stance, developments in IIT have overlooked temporality. As such, we argue that at present IIT’s phenomenological analysis is incomplete. In this critique, we show how IIT takes a non-identical illusionist stance towards the experiences of continuity, flow, and extent of our experiences. Moreover, in isolating temporal grains of experience to (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  38. Quantifying information in structural representations.Stephen Francis Mann - 2024 - Theoria. An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science:1-27.
    The goal of this paper is to show that the information carried by a structural representation can be decomposed into the information carried by its component parts. In particular, the relations between the components of a structural representation carry quantifiable information about the relations between components of their signifieds. It follows that the information carried by cognitive structural representations, including cognitive maps, can in principle be quantified and decomposed. This is perhaps surprising given that the formal (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  39.  23
    Patient satisfaction with surgical informed consent at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia.Tsegaw Biyazin, Ayanos Taye & Yeshitila Belay - 2022 - BMC Medical Ethics 23 (1):1-9.
    Background Informed consent is a process in which a healthcare provider obtains permission from an individual prior to surgery. Patient satisfaction with the informed consent process is one of the main indicators of healthcare service quality. This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction with surgical informed consent at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia, in 2020. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to June 30, 2020, at Jimma Medical Center. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using structured questionnaires. A systematic (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  40.  66
    Supplementing entity coherence with local rhetorical relations for information ordering.Nikiforos Karamanis - 2007 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 16 (4):445-464.
    This paper investigates whether the model of local rhetorical coherence suggested in Knott et al. (2001) can boost the performance of the Centering-based metrics of entity coherence employed by Karamanis et al. (2004) for the task of information ordering. Rhetorical coherence is integrated into the way Centering’s basic data structures are derived from the annotated features of the GNOME corpus. The results indicate that (a) the simplest metric continues to perform better than its competitors even when local (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  41.  17
    Trust formation in information systems implementation in developing countries.Ranjan Vaidya - 2016 - Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 14 (2):182-199.
    The purpose of this study is to understand the trust formation expectations of stakeholders in the implementation of information and communications technology for development (ICT4D) projects.,This paper uses a qualitative methodology inspired by a critical approach. It uses a thematic analysis approach, and draws the results using a constant comparison method. It is guided by the Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practices. This is an empirical study that uses semi-structured interviews for the data collection.,Lack of an integrated view of (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  42.  28
    Decentralized Governance Structures Are Able to Handle CSR-Induced Complexity Better.Shann Turnbull & Michael Pirson - 2018 - Business and Society 57 (5):929-961.
    This article explores how both corporate governance and corporate social responsibility can be improved by using insights from complexity theory. Complexity theory reveals that decentralized governance architecture is required for firms to absorb competently the increased intricacies, variety of variables, and objectives introduced by CSR. The current predominant form of centralized governance based on command-and-control hierarchies copes with complexities by reducing data inputs. This approach results in firms reducing their objectives, concerns, and insights about CSR. Firms with a decentralized (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  43. A field theory of consciousness.E. Roy John - 2001 - Consciousness and Cognition 10 (2):184-213.
    This article summarizes a variety of current as well as previous research in support of a new theory of consciousness. Evidence has been steadily accumulating that information about a stimulus complex is distributed to many neuronal populations dispersed throughout the brain and is represented by the departure from randomness of the temporal pattern of neural discharges within these large ensembles. Zero phase lag synchronization occurs between discharges of neurons in different brain regions and is enhanced by presentation of stimuli. (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   66 citations  
  44.  21
    The Dissolution of Bar-Hillel-Carnap Paradox by Semantic Information Theory Based on a Paraconsistent Logic.Samir Gorsky - 2018 - Principia: An International Journal of Epistemology 22 (1):139-151.
    Several logical puzzles, riddles and problems are defined based on the notion of games in informative contexts. Hintikka argues that epistemology or the theory of knowledge must be considered from the notion of information. So, knowledge cannot just be based on the notions of belief and justification. The present proposal will focus on the logical structure of information, and not only on the quantification of information as suggested by Claude A. Shannon. In many cases, the information (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  45. From data to semantic information.Luciano Floridi - 2003 - Entropy 5:125–145.
    There is no consensus yet on the definition of semantic information. This paper contributes to the current debate by criticising and revising the Standard Definition of semantic Information as meaningful data, in favour of the Dretske-Grice approach: meaningful and well-formed data constitute semantic information only if they also qualify as contingently truthful. After a brief introduction, SDI is criticised for providing necessary but insufficient conditions for the definition of semantic information. SDI is incorrect because (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  46.  14
    Learning families of algebraic structures from informant.Luca San Mauro, Nikolay Bazhenov & Ekaterina Fokina - 2020 - Information And Computation 1 (275):104590.
    We combine computable structure theory and algorithmic learning theory to study learning of families of algebraic structures. Our main result is a model-theoretic characterization of the learning type InfEx_\iso, consisting of the structures whose isomorphism types can be learned in the limit. We show that a family of structures is InfEx_\iso-learnable if and only if the structures can be distinguished in terms of their \Sigma^2_inf-theories. We apply this characterization to familiar cases and we show the following: (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  47.  8
    Ethical Dimensions of Population-Based Lung Cancer Screening in Canada: Key Informant Qualitative Description Study.Manisha Pahwa, Julia Abelson, Paul A. Demers, Lisa Schwartz, Katrina Shen & Meredith Vanstone - 2024 - Public Health Ethics 17 (3):139-153.
    Normative issues associated with the design and implementation of population-based lung cancer screening policies are underexamined. This study was an exposition of the ethical justification for screening and potential ethical issues and their solutions in Canadian jurisdictions. A qualitative description study was conducted. Key informants, defined as policymakers, scientists and clinicians who develop and implement lung cancer screening policies in Canada, were purposively sampled and interviewed using a semi-structured guide informed by population-based disease screening principles and ethical issues in cancer (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  48.  20
    Health workers’ perspectives on informed consent for caesarean section in Southern Malawi.Thomas van den Akker, Jos van Roosmalen, Kelvin Kilowe, Felix Nansongole, Siem Zethof & Wouter Bakker - 2021 - BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1):1-11.
    ObjectiveInformed consent is a prerequisite for caesarean section, the commonest surgical procedure in low- and middle-income settings, but not always acquired to an appropriate extent. Exploring perceptions of health care workers may aid in improving clinical practice around informed consent. We aim to explore health workers’ beliefs and experiences related to principles and practice of informed consent.MethodsQualitative study conducted between January and June 2018 in a rural 150-bed mission hospital in Southern Malawi. Clinical observations, semi-structured interviews and a focus group (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  49.  35
    Uncovering the Structure of Semantic Representations Using a Computational Model of Decision‐Making.Sonia Ramotowska, Shane Steinert-Threlkeld, Leendert van Maanen & Jakub Szymanik - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (1):e13234.
    According to logical theories of meaning, a meaning of an expression can be formalized and encoded in truth conditions. Vagueness of the language and individual differences between people are a challenge to incorporate into the meaning representations. In this paper, we propose a new approach to study truth-conditional representations of vague concepts. For a case study, we selected two natural language quantifiers most and more than half. We conducted two online experiments, each with 90 native English speakers. In the first (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  50. Mind as Conceptual Structure: On Ethical Theory of C. I. Lewis’s Conceptual Pragmatism.Cheongho Lee - 2017 - Journal of Ethics: The Korean Association of Ethics 1 (113):73-89.
    Clarence I. Lewis (1883-1964) delineated the structure of mind based on his “conceptual pragmatism.” Human mind grounds itself on the ongoing dynamic interaction of relational processes, which is essentially mediated and structural. Lewis’s pragmatism anchors itself on the theory of knowledge that has the triadic structure of the given or immediate data, interpretation, and the concept. Lewis takes the a priori given as a starting point of meaningful experience. The interpretative work of mind is the mediator of the a (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
1 — 50 / 977