I examine the role that mathematics plays in understanding and modelling finance, especially stock markets, and how philosophy affects it. To this end, I explore how mathematics penetrates finance via physics, constructing a ‘financial physics’, and I outline the philosophical backgrounds of this process, in particular the ‘philosophy of equilibrium’ and that of critical points or ‘out-of-equilibrium’. I discuss the main characteristics and a few weaknesses of these mathematizations of financial systems, notably econometrics and econophysics, and I compare the two (...) ways, top-down and bottom-up, of building mathematical approaches to finance. The top-down approach is the most used and the most conservative. I argue that it guarantees a mathematical account, but it is less effective than the more difficult bottom-up approach, which is more appropriate and which may end up without a mathematical account of financial phenomena. I then consider two important issues raised by a mathematical approach to finance, that is, the performative and the reversing side of mathematics, and an ethics of mathematics. In the first case I argue that mathematics not only can be a performative device, but it also enables ‘reversing’ dynamics, that is, a mathematical model may become not a representational tool, but a device of social engineering—a mathematical way of investigating what are the initial conditions and processes needed to obtain an intended result. In the second case I argue that this specific relation between mathematical modelling and prediction raises an ethical question in finance, namely, a responsible construction and use of the mathematical models provided by a financial physics. (shrink)

According to A-theories of time, the metaphysical ground of change and dynamicity is provided by a continuous shifting in which events are past, present and future (A-determinations). It is often claimed that these theories make better sense of our experience of dynamicity than their rival, the B-theories; according to the latter, dynamicity is grounded solely in the irreducible earlier-than relations (B-relations) which obtain between events or states of affairs. In this paper, I argue that the experience of time's dynamicity, on (...) the contrary, cannot be accounted for solely in terms of representations of irreducible A-determinations, because any representation which is adequate to ground these experiences must itself involve representation of irreducible B-relations, while it needs not involve representation of A-determinations. Even if, as a matter of contingent fact, our experiences of dynamicity consisted of representations of successions of A-determinations, what would account for them being experiences of dynamicity would be solely the B-theoretic relations of succession, rather than the irrelevant A-theoretic nature of the relata. (shrink)

Although Husserlian phenomenology appears to require that practitioners bracket all metaphysical questions and claims, this requirement runs against the evidence of experience in which objects themselves are presented as constituents of experience. Moreover, to completely bracket metaphysical considerations would suggest that phenomenology is compatible with metaphysical views it should in principle deny. Nonetheless, permitting metaphysical claims threatens to contravene the critical limits of phenomenology, to invite claims that would require a perspective different in kind than our own to verify. These (...) tensions raise an important question, namely, what are the metaphysical implications of the phenomenologically intuitive claim that objects themselves are constituents of experience? To answer this question, I draw on a broad swath of thought on transcendental idealism and phenomenology. I argue that a modest metaphysics of appearance is warranted within the critical limits of Husserlian phenomenology. Through discussing and addressing the problems that typically plague transcendental arguments, I show that Husserlian phenomenology permits stronger claims about objects of experience than deflationary accounts allow but does not permit claims about intrinsic properties allowed by some forms of transcendental idealism. (shrink)

reasoning is a risk-aversion strategy: it aims at minimizing as much as possible the possibility of doing mistakes, but in order to reach this goal it pays a cost, that is the fact that the novel epistemic gain it offers is small or negligible.

In this paper, we study the introduction of modal past temporal operators in Temporal Equilibrium Logic, an hybrid formalism that mixes linear-time modalities and logic programs interpreted under stable models and their characterisation in terms of Equilibrium Logic. We show that Kamp’s translation can also be used to translate the new extension of TEL with past operators into Quantified Equilibrium Logic. Additionally, we provide a method for removing past operators that consists in replacing past-time subformulas by fresh auxiliary atoms, obtaining (...) an equivalent formula, modulo the original alphabet. (shrink)

Logic and Knowledge -/- Editor: Carlo Cellucci, Emily Grosholz and Emiliano Ippoliti Date Of Publication: Aug 2011 Isbn13: 978-1-4438-3008-9 Isbn: 1-4438-3008-9 -/- The problematic relation between logic and knowledge has given rise to some of the most important works in the history of philosophy, from Books VI–VII of Plato’s Republic and Aristotle’s Prior and Posterior Analytics, to Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and Mill’s A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive. It provides the title of an important collection of (...) papers by Bertrand Russell (Logic and Knowledge. Essays, 1901–1950). However, it has remained an underdeveloped theme in the last century, because logic has been treated as separate from knowledge. -/- This book does not hope to make up for a century-long absence of discussion. Rather, its ambition is to call attention to the theme and stimulating renewed reflection upon it. The book collects essays of leading figures in the field and it addresses the theme as a topic of current debate, or as a historical case study, or when appropriate as both. Each essay is followed by the comments of a younger discussant, in an attempt to transform what might otherwise appear as a monologue into an ongoing dialogue; each section begins with an historical essay and ends with an essay by one of the editors. -/- Carlo Cellucci is Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Rome ‘La Sapienza,’ Italy. He is currently completing a book entitled, Remaking Logic: What is Logic Really? -/- Emily Grosholz is Professor of Philosophy at the Pennsylvania State University, USA. She is the author of Representation and Productive Ambiguity in Mathematics and the Sciences (Oxford University Press, 2007). -/- Emiliano Ippoliti is a Research Fellow at the University of Rome ‘La Sapienza,’ Italy. His main interests are heuristics, the logic of discovery, and problem-solving. He is currently working on a book, Ampliating Knowledge: Data, Hypotheses and Novelty. -/- TABLE OF CONTENTS -/- Foreword .................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgements ................................................................................. xxv -/- Section I: Logic and Knowledge -/- Chapter One................................................................................................. 3 The Cognitive Importance of Sight and Hearing in Seventeenthand Eighteenth-Century Logic (Mirella Capozzi) Discussion .............................................................................................. 26 (Chiara Fabbrizi) Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 33 Nominalistic Content (Jody Azzouni) Discussion ............................................................................................... 52 (Silvia De Bianchi) Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 57 A Garden of Grounding Trees (Göran Sundholm) Discussion.......................................................................................... .. 75 (Luca Incurvati) Chapter Four .............................................................................................. 81 Logics and Metalogics (Timothy Williamson) Discussion.......................................................................................... 101 (Cesare Cozzo) Chapter Five ............................................................................................ 109 Is Knowledge the Most General Factive Stative Attitude? (Cesare Cozzo) Discussion.......................................................................................... 117 (Timothy Williamson) Chapter Six .............................................................................................. 123 Classifying and Justifying Inference Rules (Carlo Cellucci) Discussion.......................................................................................... 143 (Norma B. Goethe) -/- Section II: Logic and Science -/- Chapter Seven.......................................................................................... 151 The Universal Generalization Problem and the Epistemic Status of Ancient Medicine: Aristotle and Galen (Riccardo Chiaradonna) Discussion.......................................................................................... 168 (Diana Quarantotto) Chapter Eight........................................................................................... 175 The Empiricist View of Logic (Donald Gillies) Discussion.......................................................................................... 191 (Paolo Pecere) Chapter Nine............................................................................................ 197 Artificial Intelligence and Evolutionary Theory: Herbert Simon’s Unifying Framework (Roberto Cordeschi) Discussion.......................................................................................... 216 (Francesca Ervas) Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 221 Evolutionary Psychology and Morality: The Renaissance of Emotivism? (Mario De Caro) Discussion.......................................................................................... 232 (Annalisa Paese) Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 237 Between Data and Hypotheses (Emiliano Ippoliti) Discussion.......................................................................................... 262 (Fabio Sterpetti) -/- Section III: Logic and Mathematics -/- Chapter Twelve ....................................................................................... 273 Dedekind Against Intuition: Rigor, Scope and the Motives of his Logicism (Michael Detlefsen) Discussion.......................................................................................... 290 (Marianna Antonutti) Chapter Thirteen...................................................................................... 297 Mathematical Intuition: Poincaré, Polya, Dewey (Reuben Hersh) Discussion.......................................................................................... 324 (Claudio Bernardi) Chapter Fourteen ..................................................................................... 329 On the Finite: Kant and the Paradoxes of Knowledge (Carl Posy) Discussion.......................................................................................... 358 (Silvia Di Paolo) Chapter Fifteen ........................................................................................ 363 Assimilation: Not Only Indiscernibles are Identified (Robert Thomas) Discussion.......................................................................................... 380 (Diego De Simone) Chapter Sixteen ....................................................................................... 385 Proofs and Perfect Syllogisms (Dag Prawitz) Discussion.......................................................................................... 403 (Julien Murzi) Chapter Seventeen ................................................................................... 411 Logic, Mathematics, Heterogeneity (Emily Grosholz) Discussion.......................................................................................... 427 (Valeria Giardino) -/- Contributors........................................................................................ ..... 433 Index............................................................................................... ......... 437 -/- Price Uk Gbp: 49.99 Price Us Usd: 74.99. 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This book offers a systematic interpretation of the relation between natural science and metaphysics in Husserl's phenomenology. It shows that Husserl's account of scientific knowledge is a radical alternative to established methods and frameworks in contemporary philosophy of science. The author's interpretation of Husserl's philosophy offers a critical reconstruction of the historical context from which his phenomenological approach developed, as well as new interpretations of key Husserlian concepts such as metaphysics, idealization, life-world, objectivism, crisis of the sciences, and historicity. The (...) development of Husserl's philosophical project is marked by the tension between natural science and transcendental phenomenology. While natural science provides a paradigmatic case of the way in which transcendental phenomenology, ontology, empirical science, and metaphysics can be articulated, it has also been the object of philosophical misunderstandings that have determined the current cultural and philosophical crisis. This book demonstrates the ways in which Husserl shows that our conceptions of philosophy and of nature are inseparable. Philosophy's Nature will appeal to scholars and advanced students who are interested in Husserl and the relations between phenomenology, natural science, and metaphysics. (shrink)

We develop a conceptual and formal clarification of notion of surprise as a belief-based phenomenon by exploring a rich typology. Each kind of surprise is associated with a particular phase of cognitive processing and involves particular kinds of epistemic representations (representations and expectations under scrutiny, implicit beliefs, presuppositions). We define two main kinds of surprise: mismatch-based surprise and astonishment. In the central part of the paper we suggest how a formal model of surprise can be integrated with a formal model (...) of belief change. We investigate the role of surprise in triggering the process of belief reconsideration. There are a number of models of surprise developed in the psychology of emotion. We provide several comparisons of our approach with those models. (shrink)

The way scientific discovery has been conceptualized has changed drastically in the last few decades: its relation to logic, inference, methods, and evolution has been deeply reloaded. The ‘philosophical matrix’ moulded by logical empiricism and analytical tradition has been challenged by the ‘friends of discovery’, who opened up the way to a rational investigation of discovery. This has produced not only new theories of discovery, but also new ways of practicing it in a rational and more systematic way. Ampliative rules, (...) methods, heuristic procedures and even a logic of discovery have been investigated, extracted, reconstructed and refined. The outcome is a ‘scientific discovery revolution’: not only a new way of looking at discovery, but also a construction of tools that can guide us to discover something new. This is a very important contribution of philosophy of science to science, as it puts the former in a position not only to interpret what scientists do, but also to provide and improve tools that they can employ in their activity. (shrink)

The view from inside maintains that not only to study and understand, but also to profit from financial markets, it is necessary to get as much knowledge as possible about their internal ‘structure’ and machinery. This view maintains that in order to solve the problems posed by finance, or at least a large part of them, we need first of all a qualitative analysis. Rules, laws, institutions, regulators, the behavior and the psychology of traders and investors are the key elements (...) to the understanding of finance, and stock markets in particular. Accordingly, data and their mathematical analysis are not the crucial elements, since data are the output of a certain underlying structure of markets and their actors. The underlying structure is the ultimate object of the inquiry. This chapter examines how the view from inside raises, and deals with, critical issues such as markets failure, information disclosure, and regulation, the notion of data, performativity, and the study of micro-structures. (shrink)

RESUMEN Durante buena parte del siglo XX, uno de los grandes debates en el ámbito de los estudios sobre la doctrina del conocimiento según Tomás de Aquino fue aquel que rodeó la cuestión del proceso abstractivo. Particularmente la atención se volcó sobre el rol de este último como causa de la determinación de los objetos de ciencia especulativa. Dejando de lado las particularidades de esta discusión, este trabajo pretende enfocarse en el análisis particular de un texto en el que la (...) abstracción -aun figurando como el fundamento de la distinción de los objetos que estudia la matemática- no parece designar un tipo de operación intelectual; por el contrario, la abstracción figura como una propiedad de las propias esencias o formas matemáticas. En lo sucesivo se esbozará una interpretación de dicho texto y se enumerarán algunas objeciones contra dicha interpretación a las cuales se intentará dar respuesta. Las consecuencias de este hallazgo podrían conllevar la revisión de algunas ideas que se han vuelto comunes en la epistemología tomista. ABSTRACT During the 20th century, one of the most debated issues regarding Aquinas's theory of knowledge was the process of abstraction. Attention was mainly focused on the role of abstraction in the definition of objects of speculative sciences. Leaving aside the particular features of this debate, this paper aims to focus on the analysis of a very peculiar text in which abstraction -still considered as the cause of the distinction of mathematical objects- does not seem to designate some sort of intellectual operation. On the contrary, abstraction there appears as a property of the very mathematical essences or forms. The consequences of this could lead to the revision of some established ideas in Thomistic Epistemology. (shrink)

We present a modal logic called (logic of intention and attempt) in which we can reason about intention dynamics and intentional action execution. By exploiting the expressive power of , we provide a formal analysis of the relation between intention and action and highlight the pivotal role of attempt in action execution. Besides, we deal with the problems of instrumental reasoning and intention persistence.

In this paper we discuss Priest’s account of change and motion, contrasting it with its more orthodox rival, the Russellian account. The paper is divided in two parts. In first one we take a stance that is more sympathetic to the Russellian view, arguing that Priest’s arguments against it are inconclusive. In the second part, instead, we take a more sympathetic attitude towards Priest’s objections. We argue, however, that if these objections pose insurmountable difficulties to the Russellian account, then they (...) pose the same difficulties also to Priest’s favoured Hegelian account, and for the same reasons. (shrink)

Un siglo después de la publicación de Yo y tú (1923), obra que recoge el núcleo de la original propuesta onto-epistémica y antropológica del pensador judío Martin Buber, esta investigación vuelve a ella con el cometido de actualizar algunos de los rasgos definitorios de la concepción personalista del autor. Concretamente, este trabajo emplea una metodología cualitativa que desciende al estudio directo de diferentes fragmentos del texto de referencia, así como al de otros escritos filosóficos del autor y al de sus (...) principales comentaristas, con el objetivo de traducir el mensaje antropológico-dialógico de Buber al ejercicio del análisis filosófico-fílmico en clave personalista. A tal fin, nos serviremos de la labor iniciática de Sanmartín, Peris-Cancio, Marco Perles o Frígols Garrido en el ámbito del Hollywood clásico, para elevar una lectura de la película Mandarinas (2013), del cineasta europeo Zaza Urushadze; lo cual nos permitirá alumbrar algunas conclusiones provisionales en relación con la antropología fílmica de Buber, así como sugerir investigaciones prospectivas. (shrink)

A lo largo del siglo XIX mexicano, la definición de las relaciones entre la Iglesia y el Estado estuvo siempre en la mesa de la discusión pública. Desde la independencia y hasta el movimiento de Reforma, se trató de delimitar el papel que la institución eclesiástica debía ocupar en la nueva nación. Así, a mediados de siglo se reconfiguró en respuesta la secularización que se produjo en México y en gran parte del mundo occidental.

La cultura griega, al mismo tiempo que la filosofía platónica, ha contemplado la inmortalidad del alma como algo cierto. Por su parte, el pensamiento de Unamuno se encuentra articulado poru anhelo de inmortalidad. En el pensamiento unamuniano se ofrecen diversas vías que buscan solucionar este problema antropológico fundamental. La falta de éxito en esta empresa nos aboca al tragicismo, que se convierte en un posicionamiento filosófico, cuya conceptualización filosófica encontramos en la obra Del sentimiento trágico de la vida. anto Platón (...) como Unamuno acaban realizando un giro desde el logos al mito o la religión, a fin de abordar temáticas que la racionalidad no puede solucionar. ¿Es posible que ambos pensadores se encuentren en su concepción de la inmortalidad del alma? Perseguimos la tesis de que el amor es el punto de encuentro entre ambos pensamientos, entendido este como una vía de «inmortalización» del alma. En esta investigación intentaremos poner en contacto ambos pensamientos, así como identificar algún posible elemento platónico en la filosofía del bilbaíno. (shrink)

This volume is divided into three major parts, each of which symbolizes a new virtuous circle that is added to the previous one in order to foster the dissemination of humanistic management among corporations and social institutions. After an introductory chapter explaining the concept of humanistic management and the plan behind this research project, the first part of the book is devoted to education. The authors address pedagogical strategies that can be used in higher education to introduce students to HM. (...) In turn, the second part of the book focuses on the implementation of HM in corporations, while the third presents an approach for measuring and monetizing the social value generated by corporations through their economic activities. In the closing chapter, the editors illustrate how the three parts of the book can be combined to generate virtuous cycles in corporations. (shrink)

Resumen En la actualidad, a la teoría crítica se le objeta su pretensión de fundarse normativamente, por imposibilitarle ello acoger el pluralismo, presupuesto del orden democrático. Partiendo de esa objeción, este trabajo busca sostener que en Horkheimer y Adorno hay elementos con los que avanzar en la elaboración de una teoría crítica “postnormativa”. Esto en estrecha conexión con - lo que Habermas llama - el carácter “postmetafísico” de su pensamiento, es decir, su rechazo a todo intento por fundar el edificio (...) cognoscitivo en una instancia incondicionada. Sobre esta base, se propone un abordaje dialéctico del pluralismo, a partir de la relación entre diferencia y semejanza. Vía por la cual tematizar esa configuración de lo social que posibilitaría ser diferente sin temor. Al mismo tiempo que se caracterizan dos lógicas que entrañan la cancelación de dicha configuración de lo social, de su dialéctico acogimiento del pluralismo: la instauración de un absoluto, por un lado, y la apática frialdad, por el otro. Todo esto con vistas a interrogar el modo en que producimos un conocimiento crítico, a la vez que se busca hacer de él una instancia que contribuya a la democratización de la sociedad establecida.Currently, the critical theory is refuted for its pretensions to have a normative foundation. Because that generate it an impossibility to accept the pluralism, ground for the democratic order. Taking that as starting point, this paper seeks to sustain that in Horkheimer and Adorno work there are elements for the elaboration of a “post-normative” critical theory. This in close connection with - what Habermas calls - the “post-metaphysical” character of their thought, namely, their rejection to any try to found the knowledge’s building in an unconditioned instance. In base of that, this paper propose a dialectical approach of pluralism, through the relationship between difference and likeness. In this way, it is thematized that social configuration that would make possible being different without fear. At the same time, they are characterized two logics that contain the cancellation of that social configuration, of its dialectical acceptance of pluralism: the instauration of an absolute, on one hand, and the apathetic coldness, on the other hand. All of this with the main objective of interrogates the mode in which we produce critical knowledge, at the same time that it looks forward to make of it a instance that contributes to the democratization of the established society. (shrink)

Hernán Cortés, el conquistador de México, llevó a cabo sus conquistas entre 1519 y 1525. En esos años mantuvo una intensa relación epistolar con el emperador Carlos V, a quien dirigió sus Cartas de relación y muchas otras cartas y memoriales. A su vez, el emperador premió a Cortés con vasallos, títulos y honores. Sin embargo, al pasar de los años, cuando Cortés se estableció en la Nueva España, esa relación epistolar, que al principio fue muy fructífera, al final se (...) convirtió en una molestia por las continuas quejas y reclamos del conquistador. Así, entre 1530 y 1547, después de los años de gloria, la relación entre Cortés y el monarca se tornó lejana y complicada. En este trabajo se analizan algunas de las cartas que Hernán Cortés envió al emperador y se hace una reflexión sobre la importancia de su figura en la España del siglo XVI, así como la relevancia de una relación, la del emperador y el conquistador, que cambió la faz del mundo entonces conocido. (shrink)

This paper is concerned with the role of self-observation in managing complexity in meaning systems. Revising Niklas Luhmann's theory of mass media, we approach the mass media system as a social sub-system functionally specialized in the coupling of psychic systems' self-observation and social systems' self-observation.According to Autopoietic Systems Theory and von Foerster's second order cybernetics, self-observation presupposes a capability for meta-observation that demands a specific distinction between observer and actor. This distinction seems especially relevant in those social contexts where a (...) separation between the action of observation and other social actions is required. However, in those social contexts where the defining action is precisely observation, the border between observer and actor is blurred.We shall consider the significant divergence between the implicit and the explicit epistemologies of the mass media system, which appears to be characterized by the explicit assumption of a classic objectivist epistemology, on one side, and a relativist epistemology on the other, posing a hybrid epistemic status somewhere in between science and arts. (shrink)

This book offers a widely interdisciplinary approach to investigating important questions surrounding the cognitive foundations of group attitudes and social interaction. The volume tackles issues such as the relationship between individual and group attitudes, the cognitive bases of group identity and group identification and the link between emotions and individual attitudes. This volume delves into the links between individual attitudes and how they are reflected in shared attitudes where common belief, collective acceptance, joint intentions, and group preferences come into play. (...) It pursues answers to the connections between trust and beliefs, goals and intentions and attempts to investigate questions such as: does trust have an affective component and how it may relate to hope and fear? The volume also scrutinizes game theory and questions whether it can satisfactorily explain and model social interaction and if there may be any concepts which are not addressed by the current theory. Contributors are derived from disciplines including philosophy, economics, psychology, logic and computer science. Interdisciplinary in scope and comprehensive detail, this volume integrates a variety of approaches – philosophical, psychological and artificial intelligence – to strategic, normative and emotional aspects of social interaction. (shrink)

El presente artículo aborda las connotaciones y los fundamentos de la paráfrasis cum canere vellem en Serv. Ecl. 6. 3. El análisis del sentido del verbo volo en este contexto y la confrontación del pasaje con Serv. Ecl. 6. 5 revelan que Servio interpreta la frase cum canerem reges et proelia como referencia a un temprano empeño de Virgilio en componer poesía épica, del que pronto desistió. Esta interpretación está condicionada por la idea de que la secuencia cronológica Églogas - (...) Geórgicas - Eneida tiene un correlato jerárquico, idea que se funda en noticias biográficas y en la teoría de la tripertita varietas. This paper focuses on the connotations and grounds of the paraphrase cum canere vellem in Serv. Ecl. 6. 3. The analysis of the sense of verb volo within this context, as well as the confrontation between that passage and Serv. Ecl. 6. 5, show that Servius interprets the clause cum canerem reges et proelia as a reference to Virgil's early endeavor to compose an epic poem, from which he shortly desisted. This interpretation is conditioned by the idea that the chronological sequence Eclogues - Georgics - Aeneid has a hierarchical correlate, an idea which is founded on biographical information and the theory of tripertita varietas. (shrink)

Las valoraciones estéticas de György Lukács sobre Franz Kafka han generado tanto un interés genuino por su análisis como circunstanciales polémicas. En este sentido, el presente artículo indaga fundamentalmente las lecturas del filósofo húngaro y las del teórico brasileño Carlos Nelson Coutinho sobre la obra del artista praguense. A partir del análisis detallado de las apreciaciones estéticas de ambos teóricos, el trabajo se propone disipar las aparentes controversias y hallar puntos de encuentro teóricos en la ponderación artística del literato.

Resumen La repercusión que el mito de Antígona ha tenido en la teoría feminista es comparable a la que ha tenido en la historia de la cultura y del pensamiento occidental. Pero, ¿cómo llega la figura de Antígona, una ficción indudablemente masculina, a convertirse en insignia feminista?, ¿podría perder sus reflejos de masculinidad y entrar a formar parte de una genealogía femenina? Atadas, como estamos, a una representación y lenguaje masculinos, se impone la necesidad de sacarla del mundo y lógica (...) edípicos para leerla bajo una perspectiva más cercana a la figura central, aunque invisible, de Yocasta.The impact that the myth of Antigone has had on feminist theory is comparable to the one it has had on the history of Western culture and thought. But how does the figure of Antigone, an undoubtedly masculine fiction, become a feminist badge? Could it lose its reflections of masculinity and become part of a female genealogy? Tied as we are to a masculine representation and language it becomes necessary to take it out of the Oedipal world and logic, to read it in keys that bring it closer to the central yet invisible figure of Yocasta. (shrink)

In this paper I try to test the philosophical relevance of the rational action theories. To take this attempt seriously, in my view, implies to discuss two critical points – one of logical nature, and one of empirical nature – in the rational action theories. These points are the intransitivity of the relation «being better than» and the preference reversal phenomenon. Finally, I suggest that the discussion of these critical points can induce a renewed interest towards the pluralism as formulated (...) by Isaiah Berlin in the last 20th century. (shrink)

This paper contains a survey of the main definitions and results obtained to date related to Temporal Equilibrium Logic, a nonmonotonic hybrid approach that combines Equilibrium Logic (the best-known logical characterisation for the stable models semantics of logic programs) with Linear-Time Temporal Logic.

This article is an attempt to formulate a clear definition of the concept of crisis of Western sciences introduced by Husserl in his last work. The attempt will be based on a reading of the Krisis, which will stress its underlying continuity with Husserl’s life-long concerns about the theoretical insufficiency of positive sciences, and downplay the novelty of the idea of crisis itself within Husserl’s work. After insisting on the fact that, according to Husserl, only an account of the shortcomings (...) of the scientificity of Western sciences can justify the claim that they are undergoing a crisis, it will be argued that the common definition of the crisis of the sciences as the loss of their significance for life rests on a misunderstanding. The crisis of Western sciences will be characterized, instead, as the repercussion of the crisis of the scientificity of philosophy on the scientificity of positive sciences. The loss of significance of scientific knowledge for our existence will in turn appear as a further, inevitable consequence of the uprooting of the sciences from the soil of a universal philosophy culminating in metaphysics, and thus, as a phenomenon deeply intertwined with the crisis of Western sciences, but not identical to it. (shrink)

We continue the work initiated in Herzig and Lorini (J Logic Lang Inform, in press) whose aim is to provide a minimalistic logical framework combining the expressiveness of dynamic logic in which actions are first-class citizens in the object language, with the expressiveness of logics of agency such as STIT and logics of group capabilities such as CL and ATL. We present a logic called ( Deterministic Dynamic logic of Agency ) which supports reasoning about actions and joint actions of (...) agents and coalitions, and agentive and coalitional capabilities. In it is supposed that, once all agents have selected a joint action, the effect of this joint action is deterministic. In order to assess we prove that it embeds Coalition Logic. We then extend with modal operators for agents’ preferences, and show that the resulting logic is sufficiently expressive to capture the game-theoretic concepts of best response and Nash equilibrium. (shrink)

I present a variant of with time, called, interpreted in standard Kripke semantics. On the syntactic level, is nothing but the extension of atemporal individual by: the future tense and past tense operators, and the operator of group agency for the grand coalition. A sound and complete axiomatisation for is given. Moreover, it is shown that supports reasoning about interesting normative concepts such as the concepts of achievement obligation and commitment.

RESUMEN Este trabajo busca hacer un aporte a la discusión actual en teoría política, específicamente, a las categorías a través de las cuales se indaga la democracia. Con este fin, se propone una crítica a la noción de “identidad política”, la cual avanza por dos caminos: el principal retoma la crítica de Adorno a la lógica identificante y a la relación sujeto-objeto que ella entraña. Sobre esta base se problematiza esa relación sujeto-sujeto que es el lazo político. Como una suerte (...) de excursus de este camino principal, se avanzará en una crítica inmanente del uso que de dicha noción se realiza en una de las filosofías políticas hoy preponderantes: la teoría postfundacionalista. Para ello se realizará una lectura interna de la propuesta de Chantal Mouffe, en tanto representante de dicha teoría, cuya labor se concentra en la indagación de la lógica democrática, tarea en la cual el concepto de identidad juega un papel clave. Por ambas vías se apunta a señalar que la categoría de identidad política contiene la tendencia a cancelar el pluralismo y, con éste, la democracia. Frente a ello se postula una manera distinta de problematizar el lazo político, a través de la noción de mímesis. ABSTRACT This work seeks to make some contribution to the current discussion in political theory, specifically, to the categories through which democracy is studied. With this goal in mind, a critique of the notion of “political identity” is proposed, which proceeds in two ways: the main one takes up Adorno’s criticism of the identifying logic and the subject-object relationship that it entails. On this basis, the subject-subject relationship that is the political link is problematized. As a sort of excursus of this main path, we will proceed to an immanent critique about how this notion is used by one of the main political philosophy lines nowadays: the Post-Foundational Theory. To this purpose, an internal reading of the proposal of Chantal Mouffe is made, because she is a representative of that theory, whose work is focused on the investigation of democratic logics, and gives to the concept of identity a key role. In both ways, it is pointed out that the category of political identity contains the tendency to cancel pluralism and, with it, democracy. Against this, a different way of problematizing the political link is postulated, through the notion of mimesis. (shrink)