The New Economic Windows Series, derived from Massimo Salzano's ideas and work, incorporates material from textbooks, monographs and conference proceedings that deals with both the theoretical and applied aspects of various sub-disciplines ...

This study addresses the conceptual affinities between F. W. J. Schelling and Félix RavaissonRavaisson-Mollien, Félix by focusing on the genesis of the link between nature and thought in their respective philosophies. To achieve this, it considers the role of diagrammatic representation in depicting this link—particularly in the figure of the spiral. I argue that, for Schelling, the spiral is a real pattern that suggests the polarity of the mental and the physical whereas, for RavaissonRavaisson-Mollien, Félix, it is a memory of (...) the condition of action and a condition of grace. I cash out this argument by considering not only Schelling’s philosophy of nature, where the spiral is manifest in the vortex of the First Outline of the System of the Philosophy of Nature, and RavaissonRavaisson-Mollien, Félix’s OfHabitHabit, but also RavaissonRavaisson-Mollien, Félix’s essays on fine art, Leonardo da Vinci and the serpentine line. (shrink)

Thomas C. Vinci argues that Kant's Deductions demonstrate Kant's idealist doctrines and have the structure of an inference to the best explanation for correlated domains. With the Deduction of the Categories the correlated domains are intellectual conditions and non-geometrical laws of the empirical world. With the Deduction of the Concepts of Space, the correlated domains are the geometry of pure objects of intuition and the geometry of empirical objects.

Bold and pioneering, this book makes a detailed historical and systematic case that Descartes's theory of knowledge is an elegant and powerful combination of a priori, naturalistic, and dialectical elements meriting serious consideration by both contemporary analytic philosophers and postmodern thinkers. In the course of making this case Thomas Vinci develops a broad reinterpretation of Cartesian thought that unlocks novel solutions to many of the most vexed questions in Cartesian scholarship.

We assess Aristotle's doctrine of the four causes in relation to current research on the development of organisms. Our goals are four-fold: first, to present and critically challenge what has become an orthodox interpretation of Aristotle among biologists; second, to present and defend a more adequate account of organismal development; third, to elaborate and justify a novel account of Aristotle's natural teleology, one at odds with the orthodox interpretation; and fourth, to illustrate how our reading of Aristotle, if right, permits (...) a more fruitful encounter between Aristotle and modern biology than that imagined by Aristotle's latter-day biological interpreters. (shrink)

Resumo: Esse ensaio buscará sondar as relações entre filosofia e literatura, no pensamento de Gilles Deleuze, a despeito de sua parceria conjunta com Félix Guattari, atentando tanto para as concepções de escrita expressas ao longo de sua obra quanto para o modo como essas concepções teriam influenciado o estilo de seus escritos filosóficos. Partindo da premissa deleuziana de que a escrita possui um acentuado lastro clínico, sendo a responsável pela elaboração de um diagnóstico das forças capazes de aprisionar ou calar (...) a vida, procurar-se-á esmiuçar as ressonâncias desse lastro clínico, na concepção de filosofia como ato criativo, elaborada pelo autor. Como hipótese a ser aqui trabalhada, defende-se que a escrita deleuziana - compreendida como portadora de uma literalidade, conforme sustenta François Zourabchivili, ou como encrustada de uma poética imanentista, tal qual sugere Anita Costa Malufe - procuraria produzir uma zona de vizinhança ou indiscernibilidade entre a escrita filosófica, de caráter mais exegético, e a escrita literária, mais afectiva, de modo a produzir um deslocamento na relação do leitor com o ato de pensar.: In this essay we pretend to study the relationship between philosophy and literature in Gilles Deleuze’s thought, despite of his partnership with Félix Guattari, mapping the conceptions of writing throughout his work and considering the influence of these conceptions to forge a certain style in his philosophical texts. Starting from the deleuzian premise that writing has a strong clinical backing - being responsible for the elaboration of a diagnosis of the forces liable to imprison or silence life -, we will examine the resonances of this clinical backing in his conception of philosophy as a creative act. Our hypothesis is that the deleuzian writing - having a certain literality, as François Zourabchivili argues, or encrusted with an immanentism poetics, as Anita Costa Malufe suggests - would produce a so-called neighborhood zone or zone of indiscernibility between philosophical writing, with a more exegetical character, and literary writing, which is more affective, in order to produce a shift in the reader’s relationship with the act of thinking. (shrink)

Despite extinction-based processes demonstrating efficacy in the animal extinction and human anxiety literatures, extinction for substance use disorders has shown poor efficacy. Reasons for this lack of success include common threats to extinction, such as renewal and reinstatement. In recent decades, research on mindfulness for SUD has flourished, and a key aspect of these mindfulness-based interventions includes teaching individuals to stay present with whatever experience they have, even if unpleasant, without trying to change/escape/avoid it. Similarly, CET teaches individuals to not (...) escape/avoid conditioned responses by engaging in drug use behavior. This paper discusses how mindfulness-based research and practices could positively influence CET through future research, with the long-term goal of improving SUD treatment. (shrink)

It seems generally agreed that a theory of sensory episodes that mentions sensory objects and a sensing relation — the ‘act-object’ theory — is unacceptable and should be replaced by some other account. A chief competitor is the Adverbial Theory, and one of its chief advocates is Wilfrid Sellars. While it is clear that there are serious difficulties for the act-object theory not facing the adverbial theory, I will argue that the latter has difficulties of its own.

There is a current debate about the extent to which Academic Freedom should be permitted in our universities. On the one hand, we have traditionalists who maintain that Academic Freedom should be unrestricted: people who have the appropriate qualifications and accomplishments should be allowed to develop theories about how the world is, or ought to be, as they see fit. On the other hand, we have post-traditional philosophers who argue against this degree of Academic Freedom. I consider a conservative version (...) of post-traditional philosophy that permits restrictions on Academic Freedom only if the following conditions are met, Condition 1: The dissemination of the results of a given research project R must cause significant harm to some people, especially to people from oppressed groups. Condition 2: Condition 1 must possess strong empirical support, and which accepts the following assumptions: (1) there is a world of objective facts that is, in principle, discoverable, (2) rational means are the means of discovering it and, (3) rational means requires strong empirical support. I define strong empirical support for an hypothesis h on evidence e in probabilistic terms, as a ratio of posterior to prior probabilities substantially exceeding 1. I now argue in favour of a research policy that accepts unrestricted Academic Freedom. My argument is that there is a formal and general quandary that arises within the standard theory of probability when we apply this account of empirical support to a set of possible causal hypotheses framed in such a way that the “reverse probabilities”, pr(e/h) are 1. I consider various possible ways to escape this quandary, none of which are without difficulties, concluding that a research policy allowing for unrestricted Academic Freedom is probably the best that we can hope for. (shrink)

Este artigo objetiva pensar o debate envolvendo a questão da literalidade na obra de Gilles Deleuze, mormente naquela escrita em parceria com Félix Guattari, a partir de um recuo pelo pensamento do filósofo Henri Bergson. Apresentada como um modo singular de operar com a escrita, a literalidade deleuze-guattariana exigiria que determinadas formulações, mormente aquelas de teor imagético fossem lidas ao pé da letra (a la lettre) ao invés de interpretadas como metáforas. Tendo adentrado em nosso país por meio do dossiê (...) Entre Deleuze e a Educação, publicado em 2005 no periódico Educação & Sociedade, a questão da literalidade fomentou uma discussão acalorada, nomeadamente no campo educacional – dado o fato de um dos participantes, François Zourabichvili, propor uma pretensa teoria de ensino deleuzeana a partir dessa noção. Longe de querer encerrar tal debate, almejamos pensá-lo sob a égide do pensamento bergsoniano, a fim de propor um escape do binarismo estabelecido. (shrink)

If we are eventually to understand the capability of higher organisms for perceptual recognition, generalization, recall, and thinking, we must first have answers to three fundamental questions: 1. How is information about the physical world sensed, or detected, by the biological system? 2. In what form is information stored, or remembered? 3. How does information contained in storage, or in memory, influence recognition and behavior? The first of these questions is in the.

The central theme of this study is that Descartes is a teacher who develops his arguments for the different philosophical orientations of his students. Indeed, according to Cunning, so respectful is Descartes of their orientations that he actually misrepresents his own view in the Meditations on central doctrinal matters like the basis for dualism. The exegetical argument for this is the central argument of the book, though many other aspects of the Meditations are discussed in novel and interesting ways. Descartes (...) describes himself as establishing the duality of mental and physical substances in two stages in the Meditations. It is in Meditation II, he says in the Fourth Replies, where he shows that a .. (shrink)

In this paper I explore a version of standard (expected utility) decision theory in which the probability parameter is interpreted as an objective chance believed by agents to obtain and values of this parameter are fixed by indicative conditionals linking possible actions with possible outcomes. After reviewing some recent developments centering on the common-cause counterexamples to the standard approach, I introduce and briefly discuss the key notions in my own approach. (This approach has essentially the same results as the causal (...) approach in common-cause cases.) I then discuss the Rule of Dominance and find, in the context of the present proposal, that it cannot serve as an independent source of action justification. Turning next to Newcomb''s Problem, I argue that the much discussed issue of back-tracking counterfactuals is something of a red herring for decision theory. Once the twin distractions of back-tracking counterfactuals and Dominance Reasoning are set aside the 1-box solution emerges as a natural consequence of the present proposal. It is of interest that this proposal agrees with the causal approach in the standard common-cause examples and the expected-utility approach in the Newcomb case: one can be smart and rich and keep on smoking. (shrink)

Esse artigo propõe pensar o modo como as anedotas vitais, conceito elaborado por Friedrich Nietzsche, foram apropriadas metodologicamente por Gilles Deleuze. Essa apropriação, acreditamos, coliga-se ao apelo deleuziano e deleuzo-guattariano por uma renovação da história da filosofia e pela construção de uma perspectiva criativa do ofício filosófico, com fortes impactos sobre o ensino dessa disciplina. Para tanto, iniciaremos recuperando o diálogo travado por Deleuze com algumas concepções canônicas sobre a história da filosofia, mormente as perspectivas de Ferdinand Aquié e Martial (...) Gueroult. Procuraremos sondar o modo como o autor de _Diferença e Repetição_ se inseriu em um debate metodológico sobre como realizar uma história da filosofia eminentemente filosófica. Desse modo, buscando compreender a perspectiva própria erigida por Deleuze, poderemos recuperar a importância das _anedotas vitais_ para sua compreensão do papel da história da filosofia. Para tanto, recuperarmos a leitura vitalista da filosofia espinosana proposta por Deleuze em _Espinosa: filosofia prátic_a. Por fim, apresentaremos algumas inquietações sobre a relevância dos usos das _anedotas vitais_ para a construção de um ensino de filosofia outro. (shrink)

Esse artigo busca apresentar o conceito de problematização, tal qual elaborado pelo filósofo francês Michel Foucault, bem como pensar seu potencial interesse para os pesquisadores do campo educacional. Valendo-nos das leituras empreendidas por James Marshall sobre tal noção, argumentamos que tal conceito possibilitaria fomentar uma espécie de revitalização das pesquisas desenvolvidas na área, mormente aquelas filiadas ao diapasão teórico foucaultiano. Não se trata apenas de empreender uma discussão conceitual, mas de retomar uma atitude investigativa foucaultiana passível de ser sintetizada no (...) dito: “tornar difíceis os gestos fáceis demais”. (shrink)

There are two main formulations of a key causal principle in the Cartesian a priori philosophical system: one, present in Meditation III, says that the cause of the representational content of an idea must be situated at the same or higher level in ontology than the level at which the object represented is situated, the other, present in the axioms section of the Second Replies, says that the cause must contain the same property as is represented by the idea. This (...) central chapter defends four main contentions. The same‐property formulation is basic in Descartes's system. The notion of causality in the basic causal principle does not represent a spatio temporally extended natural process but a form of intentional explanation. When point is combined with the interpretation of the rule of truth offered in Ch. 2, the rule of truth and the basic causal principle prove to be equivalent. Finally, in light of, there is one main pattern of inference in Cartesian epistemology taking the rule of truth/causal principle as its major premise and underlying all of Descartes arguments from my ideas to the existence of things outside my ideas, including the proof of my own existence, the proof of the existence of God in Meditations III and V and the proof of the existence of the external world in Meditation VI and the Principles of Philosophy II,1. (shrink)

Crer, experimentar, fabular: ensaio sobre a experiência Resumo: Partindo da concepção deleuziana e deleuzo-guattariana da crença nesse mundo, esse ensaio procurará pensar a temática da experiência dentro do campo educacional. Para tanto, procuraremos pensar o modo como os filósofos Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari concebem uma espécie de crença imanente, voltada para a experimentação vital das forças constitutivas do mundo, capaz de ultrapassar os condicionantes transcendentes da experiência. Para a devida compreensão de uma tal crença, devedora daquilo que Deleuze denomina (...) de empirismo transcendental, retomaremos o diálogo travado pelos autores de O que é a Filosofia? com a noção de fabulação preconizada por Henri Bergson. Buscaremos apresentar o modo como se dá a articulação entre os conceitos de fabulação e crença, importante na medida em que permitirá pensarmos uma experiência não condicionada por nenhuma instância transcendente, experiência a qual Deleuze e Deleuze-Guattari denominarão de experimentação. O conceito de experimentação, acreditamos, pode contribuir para as discussões recentes sobre experiência presentes no campo educacional, mormente aquelas empreendias por Jorge Larrosa Bondia e Julio Groppa Aquino. Palavras-chave: Crença imanente; Experiência; Fabulação; Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari; Henri Bergson. Believe, experience, fable: an essay about experience Abstract: This article starting from the Deleuzian and Deleuzo-Guattarian conception of belief in this world and will try to think the theme of experience in the educational field. Therefore, we trying to think the way in which the philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari conceive a kind of immanent belief, focused on the vital experimentation of the constitutive forces of the world and capable of overcoming the transcendent conditions of experience. For the proper understanding of such a belief, indebted to what Deleuze calls transcendental empiricism, we will resume the dialogue carried out by the authors of What is Philosophy? with the notion of fabulation advocated by Henri Bergson. We will present the way in which the concepts of fabulation and belief take place, which is important in that it will allow us to think about an experience that is not conditioned by any transcendent instance, an experience that Deleuze and Deleuze-Guattari will call experimentation. The concept of experimentation, we believe, can contribute to the recent discussions on experience present in the educational field, especially those undertaken by Jorge Larrosa Bondia and Julio Groppa Aquino. Keyword: Immanent believe; Experience; Fable; Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari ; Henri Bergson. Creer, experimentar, fábula: ensayo sobre experiência Resumen: A partir de la concepción Deleuzian y Deleuzo-Guattarian de creencia en este mundo, este ensayo tratará de pensar el tema de la experiencia dentro del campo educativo. Por lo tanto, trataremos de pensar en la forma que los filósofos Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari conciben una especie de creencia inmanente, centrada en la experimentación vital de las fuerzas constitutivas del mundo, capaz de superar las condiciones trascendentes de la experiencia. Para la comprensión adecuada de tal creencia, en deuda con lo que Deleuze llama empirismo trascendental, reanudaremos el diálogo llevado a cabo por los autores de ¿Qué es la filosofía? con la noción de fabulación defendida por Henri Bergson. Intentaremos presentar la forma en que tienen lugar los conceptos de fabulación y creencia, lo cual es importante ya que nos permitirá pensar en una experiencia que no está condicionada por ninguna instancia trascendente, una experiencia que Deleuze y Deleuze-Guattari llamarán experimentación. El concepto de experimentación, creemos, puede contribuir a las discusiones recientes sobre la experiencia presente en el campo educativo, especialmente las emprendidas por Jorge Larrosa Bondia y Julio Groppa Aquino. Palabras clave: Creencia imanente; Experiencia; Fábula; Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari; Henri Bergson. Data de registro: 29/04/2020 Data de aceite: 22/09/2021. (shrink)

Summary The aim of this paper is to compare Brechtian theory concerning empathy in theatre and recent studies showing the biological basis of empathy. First of all, a brief summary about the concept of empathy is provided, with particular attention to empathy in Brechtian theatre. Then, a paragraph is dedicated to explain how empathy and emotional involvement are linked to neurobiological mechanisms and body state. In the end, an analysis of the Verfremdungseffekte in the Threepenny Opera is traced to understand (...) how recent studies contradict Brechtian theory as far as empathy is concerned. (shrink)

In contrast to a positivist conception that considers the objective elements of its topographical location to be absolutely prevalent for the identification of a real estate, the Roman legal sources present a more articulated picture, in which the voluntas, affectio and constitutio of the dominus play a fundamental role in the subjective distinction between locus and fundus. In any case, a merely patrimo-nial perspective appears extraneous to Roman jurist’s thinking. On the contrary, emerges the full awareness of a special juridical (...) relationship of man with the ter-ritory. (shrink)

Esse ensaio procurará pensar o ensino de Filosofia na contemporaneidade, compreendendo como um espaço aberto para a forja de exercícios filosóficos, em diálogo com Michel Foucault, em desalinho com a instauração do imperativo da felicidade em nossa sociedade. Em primeiro lugar, experimentaremos apresentar algumas discussões contemporâneas sobre a lógica neoliberal e a construção daquilo que alguns autores diagnosticaram como a prevalência de um imperativo da felicidade, responsável por instigar o discurso que compreende a Filosofia em sua forma escolar como um (...) saber desinteressante e inútil. Na sequência, a partir de certas discussões foucaultianas, rascunharemos alguns apontamentos sobre o caráter tensionador e desconfortante dos exercícios filosóficos, exercícios extemporâneos sempre a favor de um tempo porvir, pouco coadunados com as demandas práticas da atualidade e, por esse motivo, definida como algo perigoso para os poderes estabelecidos. (shrink)

Esse artigo abordará o conceito de experimentação presente no pensamento de Gilles Deleuze, mormente em suas obras escritas em parceria com Félix Guattari. Defendemos que, ao longo de Capitalismo & Esquizofrenia, o termo experimentação aparecerá de maneiras distintas nos dois tomos constitutivos da coleção. Em O Anti-Édipo, tal conceito restaria refém de certas discussões deleuzianas sobre arte, tal qual aquelas que tomaram corpo no livro Proust e os signos, de 1964. Ao longo da década de 1970, porém, após as leituras (...) da obra de Espinosa realizadas por Deleuze, a noção de experimentação ganhará um outro acento, aparecendo em Mil Platôs e, posteriormente, em O que é a Filosofia? como uma espécie de arte das composições. Haveria, assim, uma aproximação gradativa, quando desse deslocamento, de certas discussões vitalistas empreendidas por Deleuze a partir do espinosismo. (shrink)