Based on archival and ethnographic data, this article analyzes the iconic-making, iconoclastic unmaking, and iconographic remaking of national identifications. The window into these processes is the career of Saint John the Baptist, patron saint of French Canadians and national icon from the mid-nineteenth century until 1969, when his statue was destroyed by protesters during the annual parade in his honor in Montréal. Relying on literatures on visuality and materiality, I analyze how the saint and his attending symbols were deployed in (...) processions, parades, and protests. From this analysis, I develop the sociological concept of aesthetic revolt, a process whereby social actors rework iconic symbols, redefining national identity in the process. The article offers a theoretical articulation and an empirical demonstration of how the context, content, and the form of specific cultural objects and symbols—national icons—are intertwined in public performance to produce eventful change, and shows why and how the internal material logic and the social life of these icons shape the articulation of new national identities. (shrink)

“Modern slavery,” a term used to describe severe forms of labor exploitation, is beginning to spark growing interest within business and society research. As a novel phenomenon, it offers potential for innovative theoretical and empirical pathways to a range of business and management research questions. And yet, development into what we might call a “field” of modern slavery research in business and management remains significantly, and disappointingly, underdeveloped. To explore this, we elaborate on the developments to date, the potential drawbacks, (...) and the possible future deviations that might evolve within six subdisciplinary areas of business and management. We also examine the value that nonmanagement disciplines can bring to research on modern slavery and business, examining the connections, critiques, and catalysts evident in research from political science, law, and history. These, we suggest, offer significant potential for building toward a more substantial subfield of research. (shrink)

Je cherche à ne pas dire « droit de cuissage », je peux écrire « cuissage », « fait de cuissage ». « Droit de cuissage », cependant, est plus parlant. Mais pour parler de quoi? Il est un fait avéré, celui d'un être doté d'un peu de pouvoir social, être masculin le plus souvent, et qui profite de son pouvoir pour obtenir quelque chose du sexe de l'autre, en général une femme. Ce fait avéré prête à des représentations, des (...) fantasmes, des idées qu'un sexe fabrique avec ou à partir de l'au.. (shrink)

This new edition of Genevieve Lloyd's classic study of the maleness of reason in philosophy contains a new introduction and bibliographical essay assessing the book's place in the explosion of writing and gender since 1984.

As a constructive alternative to the exclusionary binaries of Cartesian philosophy, Genevieve Lloyd and Moira Gatens turn to Spinoza. Spinoza's understanding of the body as "in relation" takes the focus of philosophical thought from the homogeneous subject to the heterogeneity of the social, and the focus of politics from individual rights to collective responsibility. The implications for feminism are radical; Spinoza enables a reconceptualization of the imaginary and the possibility of a sociability of inclusion.

Social science has recently examined the dramatic increase of witchcraft and magic in everyday contemporary African. A study, which took place in the 1970's, on the representation of madness in postcolonial Congo, contributes to the elucidation of such an outgrowth. In line with the first version of La Psychoanalyse, it aimed at identifying variations in the images, beliefs, and attitudes associated with groups whose social positioning differed in relation to modernity. Sixty old men were interviewed. The respondents provided a representation (...) in the making that neither reflected Western knowledge nor faithfully echoed local patterns. The Western elements were anchored in a strongly objectified local belief system. For “traditional” informants the meaning attributed to madness testifies to the transformation of a hegemonic representation into a polemical one since it addressed the question of their identity shaken by modernity. An emancipated representation emerged within the most educated group. A secondary analysis of the data contributes to current theoretical debates within social representations theory in focusing on tolerance/intolerance to alternative representations through semantic barriers. It brings more evidence to the fragmentation of the hegemonic system of belief and confirms how social—identity content and relations mediate knowledge construction. (shrink)

Oscillations in cytosolic Ca2+ occur in a wide variety of cells, either spontaneously or as a result of external stimulation. This process is often accompanied by intracellular Ca2+ waves. A number of theoretical models have been proposed to account for the periodic generation and spatial propagation of Ca2+ signals. These models are reviewed and their predictions compared with experimental observations. Models for Ca2+ oscillations can be distinguished according to whether or not they rely on the concomitant, periodic variation in inositol (...) 1,4,5‐trisphosphate. Such a variation, however, is not required in models based on Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release. When Ca2+diffusion is incorporated into these models, propagating waves of cytosolic Ca2+ arise, with profiles and rates comparable to those seen in the experiments. (shrink)

The aim of the present paper is to analyse the archeology of the concept of contradiction, more precisely in Plato, and to reveal the influence that the latter had on Aristotle’s reflection on contradiction and contrariety. This paper will show that it is possible to find examples of a notion of contradiction in Plato’s refutative dialogues, in which Socrates is described as refuting his interlocutors by demonstrating the contrary of their initial thesis. However, Plato never used the word antiphasis to (...) name the act of contradicting oneself, but preferred the expression enantia legein heautôi, which means “to say the contrary to oneself”. (shrink)

A renewed approach to democratic ethics is needed, one that takes into consideration the management of complexity and memory in a global world. The expansion of democratic ethics for the stewardship of a postnational, postmetaphysical, and postsecular world is the object of this book. It takes as its point of departure current proposals for global democratic justice, but extends these by incorporating contemporary European ideas on border and existential ethics. The privilege of democratic citizenship includes our conscious involvement with our (...) historical destinies, and with others whom we inevitably encounter on our journey of contemporary politics. A post-heroic approach to democratic ethics, one which takes violence and injustice seriously, yet understands the constraints posed on us as historical beings, is necessary. The practices of civility, such as they arise from a normative democratic universe and the ever-increasing role of civil society, can be harnessed for a transborder ethics. The examination of a contemporary democratic anthropology that includes a phenomenology of violence further clarifies the importance of intersubjective processes of encounter, dialogue, and recognition. (shrink)

Chez Berkeley, la courte vue correspond, métaphoriquement, à l'inspection minutieuse d'un objet, tandis que la vision synoptique est la contemplation de l'univers d'un point de vue qui serait celui de Dieu. Dès 1707, Berkeley déclare qu'il est « naturellement myope », en ajoutant que ce défaut le conduirait à examiner les choses et les mots de beaucoup plus près qu'il n'est nécessaire pour les autres. Ses écrits sont entièrement soustendus par une dualité entre myopie et vue synoptique mais cette dualité, (...) très présente dans l'immatérialisme stricto sensu, peut être problématique pour les desseins apologétiques de Berkeley. With Berkeley, short-sightedness is a metaphorical description of minute inspection of a definite object, whereas long -sightedness is the idealized contemplation of universe from the standpoint of God. As early as 1707, Berkeley asserts that he is "naturally short-sighted", adding that this defect may induce him to examine things and words nearer than it is necessary for other people. My aim is to show that the duality between short sightedness and long -sightedness entirely underlies Berkeley's writings. I shall exhibit that such a duality is present in Berkeley's immaterialism, as well as in his moral philosophy, producing a clash between Berkeley's own free-thinking and his apologetic concerns. (shrink)

Amateurs are neither regular consumers nor professionals. What makes them distinctive? To answer that question, this ethnographic study focuses on wine amateurs who show a distinctive feature compared to regular consumers: for them, wine is not a straightforward reality but a world to explore. Wine exploration drives an evolution that transforms both wine and amateurs’ disposition towards it. Amateurs usually start with the discovery of the wines and their tastes, which may turn into an ability to attune to and finally (...) produce taste and good quality. Amateurs’ passion, initially fuelled by the discovery of unknown tastes, is then informed by the renewal of the taste experience itself. Following amateurs in their exploratory activity allows us to extend the analysis beyond scholars’ usual focus on one of its particularly normative stages, and to propose a renewed account of the amateur that is quite remote from the standard image of the ‘cultural prescriber’. (shrink)

Spinoza's doctrine of the uniqueness of substance has been interpreted as absorbing individual self-consciousness into an all-embracing whole.

La recherche à l’origine de ce texte vise la description et la compréhension de l’engagement d’enseignantes et d’enseignants dans l’écriture d’un journal de bord quotidien. À partir d’entretiens biographiques et de leurs analyses, ce texte décrit cette activité et son évolution, identifie les facteurs d’engagement. Cette activité d’écriture impliquée et réflexive se dévoile plurielle et évolutive. L’engagement s’explique par un jeu d’influences réciproques entre facteurs personnels, facteurs exogènes et facteurs énactifs. Cet article présente des recommandations pour accompagner et reconnaître l’écriture (...) diaire dans le champ de la formation comme dans l’espace du travail. (shrink)

The early discovery of cis‐regulatory elements able to promote transcription of genes over large distances led to the postulate that elements, termed insulators, should also exist that would limit the action of enhancers, LCRs and silencers to defined domains. Such insulators were indeed found during the past fifteen years in a wide range of organisms, from yeast to humans. Recent advances point to an important role of transcription factors in insulator activity and demonstrate that the operational observation of an insulator (...) effect relies on a delicate balance between the “efficiency” of the insulator and that of the element to be counteracted. In addition, genuine insulator elements now appear less common than initially envisaged, and they are only found at loci displaying a high density of coding or regulatory information. Where this is not the case, chromatin domains of opposing properties are thought to confront each other at “fuzzy” boundaries. In this article, we propose models for both fixed and fuzzy boundaries that incorporate probabilistic and dynamic parameters. BioEssays 26:523–532, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

Fifteen years after the first translations of Anglo-American feminist film theories, this gender approach is finding it hard to gain acceptance in France. The main reason is the elitist view of cinema d’auteur that is still prevalent in academic circles, where the art is seen as a genius’s creation outside social determinations in general and gender relations in particular. However, under the influence of historians and sociologists, who dominate gender research in France, French work on film privileges a historical and (...) sociocultural approach, whereas American research is dominated by psychoanalytical approaches. French gender analyses privilege the expression of dominant relations but also of contradictions at work in the films, whether popular or by an auteur-e, as well as in the stars’ image or in tv fiction. Finally some research explores the changes brought about by the emergence of female film-makers on the French scene. (shrink)

This essay reads the thirteenth-century Old Occitan epic Canso de la crozada through Jean-Luc Nancy’s theories of community and communal mythologies. Through its analysis of the Canso ’s unfinished manuscript decorations and the presence of two politically opposed poets, the essay shows that the creation of myth in the chansons de geste is the result of historical desires. In so doing, this essay also expands the theoretical world of Nancy’s readings of the “communal,” and provides a frame for theorizing his (...) engagements with time as ideological by revealing how the past and the possible speak to one another in his work. (shrink)

L'argumentation visant à éliminer le mot « matière » du langage des savants repose, au dire de Berkeley, sur la conception de la nature des termes généraux mise en œuvre par l'Introduction des Principes. Il y a pourtant, dans cet ouvrage, des indices qui rendent fragile la dépendance entre l'immatérialisme et la critique des idées abstraites. Aussi est-il nécessaire d'identifier cette dépendance avec précision, afin de mieux évaluer son rôle apparent et son rôle réel de fondement, en un temps où (...) les systèmes théoriques étaient pensés dans les termes de l'architecture. Berkeley's argument to get rid of the word "matter" from learned language rests on the particular view about universals which is settled in the Introduction of the Principles. However, some tokens in the Principles make the dependence Berkeley tries to stress, between immaterialism and the critic of abstract ideas, rather weak. Thus, it is necessary to identify strictly this dependence, so as to estimate wether the Introduction should be considered as a true foundation for immaterialism, given that the ending 17th century was seeking for theoretical system to be thought as steady buildings. (shrink)

Pour célébrer le tricentenaire des œuvres qui, dès 1709-1713, ont fait la réputation de Berkeley, la Revue philosophique accueille une série d’articles témoignant de l’extrême variété des intérêts du philosophe. Berkeley, en effet, défendait sans cesse le christianisme anglican contre la montée de l’irréligion et du scepticisme, mais il..

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A 1562 world map printed in Venice opened with this grand claim: ‘Behold, kind readers, a new description of all the world, which is the most distinct, faithful, exact, and is consistent with the n...