L'Éducation populaire apparaît en France à la fin du XIXe siècle, quand l'École devient un enjeu politique important, qui voit s'affronter catholiques et laïques. C'est pour se situer par rapport à la montée du mouvement ouvrier que le monde catholique va «aller au peuple», via des structures de formation liées à des associations de jeunesse chrétienne. Les laïques répondront à travers la création de La Ligue de l'Enseignement, et plus tard des Universités populaires, liées à des partis de gauche. Dans (...) les années 1960, ces modèles seront balayés par la notion d'animation socioculturelle, qui va être prise en charge par des professionnels payés par l'État.Popular education appears in France at the end of the 19th century, when the School becomes an important political stake, which sees to clash catholic and laic. It is to be located compared to the rise of the labour movement that the catholic world "will go to the people", via organizations of formation related to associations of Christian youth. The hymen will answer through the creation of the Ligue de l'Enseignement, and later popular Universities, dependent on parties of left. In the Sixties, these models will be swept by the concept of sociocultural animation, which will be dealt with by professionals paid by the State. (shrink)

We should seek to justify, from a moral perspective, policies associated with serious and irreversible risks to the health of human beings, their societies, and the environment for these risks may have great impacts on the autonomy of both existing and future persons. The ideal of discursive democracy provides a way of morally justifying such policies to both existing and future persons. It calls for the inclusive, informed, and uncoerced deliberation toward an agreement of both existing and future persons, which (...) can serve as a justificatory basis for such public policies. This agreement best protects their fundamental interests and basic needs, and garners their general acceptance. It does so by upholding their agency in decision-making processes and, more specifically, by counseling a maxim of precaution in their public reasoning. The aim of this maxim is to protect the social and environmental conditions that will enable members of existing and future generations to review and, if necessary, revise decisions made in the past but that impact upon them in the present. Precautionary public reasoning thus serves to uphold the decisional agency of existing and future persons, which is a necessary condition of their democratic involvement in the policies that affect them and thus of their autonomous existence defined by their conceptions of the good. (shrink)

Older racialized minorities were particularly vulnerable during the last pandemic due to the interlocking influences of structural racism and ageism, which are often disregarded in public health planning. This oversight not only compromises the social justice and health equity goals of public health efforts but it also calls for a more inclusive approach that systematically addresses these deficiencies at every stage of a public health response. To achieve this, we propose Age- and Race-conscious Interventions done Equitably (ARIE), a novel analytical (...) framework grounded in critical race theory and critical gerontology. ARIE is based on a four-step approach, which aligns with different stages of public health interventions. It will help ensure that structural discrimination influencing access to healthcare resources during a biological event is not ignored, and that public health authorities work actively toward identifying and addressing ageist and racist biases in their response plans and interventions. (shrink)

The Covid-19 pandemic represented an unprecedented crisis. In the world of health care, it highlighted the limits of a logic that favours decisions based on management and accounting. It also highlighted the difficulties faced by caregivers in applying the logic of care. Viewing the crisis as an opportunity to open up new possibilities, this ethical analysis brings together the voices of a physician and a philosopher to propose some forward-looking avenues for reflection. The aim of these reflections is to consider (...) how, in the day-to-day life of the caregiver, the ethics of decision-making and the ethics of relationship fit together. Far from being antagonistic, these two ethical perspectives are complementary and enriching for both caregiver and patient. These reflections invite us to consider the act of care as a relationship to oneself, to others and to the collective. (shrink)

The inclusive society we live in promotes familial and extra-familial relationships for disabled people. The purpose of this research was to understand how adults with intellectual disability (ID) live with their families as well as with extra-familial peers and to identify their subjective and emotional experiences. Using an interdisciplinary approach including clinical psychology along with sociology – for the networks study – and philosophy – capabilities perspective, 23 adults ID were encountered for this qualitative research. Each of them were met (...) three times to discuss about relationships with their peers: 1/ during a semi-directive interview; 2/ with the Family Apperception Test (Sotile et al., 1988); 3/ with a sociogram. For this research, each tool was adapted in order to support the adults ID’s participation. Two structures were identified and seem to be impacted by the sibling bonds; the schooling career; the subjectivation of the disability. Analysis highlighted the importance of paying attention to the relationships with peers, since childhood to adulthood, by involving families and institutions. (shrink)

“Modern slavery,” a term used to describe severe forms of labor exploitation, is beginning to spark growing interest within business and society research. As a novel phenomenon, it offers potential for innovative theoretical and empirical pathways to a range of business and management research questions. And yet, development into what we might call a “field” of modern slavery research in business and management remains significantly, and disappointingly, underdeveloped. To explore this, we elaborate on the developments to date, the potential drawbacks, (...) and the possible future deviations that might evolve within six subdisciplinary areas of business and management. We also examine the value that nonmanagement disciplines can bring to research on modern slavery and business, examining the connections, critiques, and catalysts evident in research from political science, law, and history. These, we suggest, offer significant potential for building toward a more substantial subfield of research. (shrink)

This new edition of Genevieve Lloyd's classic study of the maleness of reason in philosophy contains a new introduction and bibliographical essay assessing the book's place in the explosion of writing and gender since 1984.

Spinoza's doctrine of the uniqueness of substance has been interpreted as absorbing individual self-consciousness into an all-embracing whole.

Amateurs are neither regular consumers nor professionals. What makes them distinctive? To answer that question, this ethnographic study focuses on wine amateurs who show a distinctive feature compared to regular consumers: for them, wine is not a straightforward reality but a world to explore. Wine exploration drives an evolution that transforms both wine and amateurs’ disposition towards it. Amateurs usually start with the discovery of the wines and their tastes, which may turn into an ability to attune to and finally (...) produce taste and good quality. Amateurs’ passion, initially fuelled by the discovery of unknown tastes, is then informed by the renewal of the taste experience itself. Following amateurs in their exploratory activity allows us to extend the analysis beyond scholars’ usual focus on one of its particularly normative stages, and to propose a renewed account of the amateur that is quite remote from the standard image of the ‘cultural prescriber’. (shrink)

Genevieve Lloyd illuminates and challenges some perplexing aspects of contemporary attitudes to wonder. She draws especially on Flaubert, who influenced the thought of Jean-Paul Sartre, Gilles Deleuze and Jacques Derrida. She also reaches into contemporary debates on refugees, secularisation and climate change.

Cet article propose une réflexion sur les liens fraternels dans le cadre d’une thérapie familiale à partir des conceptions théoriques sur le fraternel de R. Kaës, sur l’illusion groupale de D. Anzieu et sur les notions de transgénérationnel dans une famille. L’objectif est de montrer la pertinence d’une approche de thérapie familiale psychanalytique à partir d’un cas d’une fratrie de quatre garçons dont l’aîné est le porteur des traumatismes parentaux et considéré comme le « bouc émissaire » de la famille. (...) Plusieurs hypothèses sont proposées qui permettent de comprendre l’importance du traumatisme en fonction de la place qu’occupe chacun des enfants de la fratrie, un « pacte dénégatif » pouvant s’être instauré comme organisateur des liens entre les frères. La thérapie familiale souligne la nécessité du travail de métabolisation de la famille et de différenciation entre les frères, au prix dans le cas présenté, d’une autonomisation réelle d’un des membres de la fratrie. (shrink)

Chez Berkeley, la courte vue correspond, métaphoriquement, à l'inspection minutieuse d'un objet, tandis que la vision synoptique est la contemplation de l'univers d'un point de vue qui serait celui de Dieu. Dès 1707, Berkeley déclare qu'il est « naturellement myope », en ajoutant que ce défaut le conduirait à examiner les choses et les mots de beaucoup plus près qu'il n'est nécessaire pour les autres. Ses écrits sont entièrement soustendus par une dualité entre myopie et vue synoptique mais cette dualité, (...) très présente dans l'immatérialisme stricto sensu, peut être problématique pour les desseins apologétiques de Berkeley. With Berkeley, short-sightedness is a metaphorical description of minute inspection of a definite object, whereas long -sightedness is the idealized contemplation of universe from the standpoint of God. As early as 1707, Berkeley asserts that he is "naturally short-sighted", adding that this defect may induce him to examine things and words nearer than it is necessary for other people. My aim is to show that the duality between short sightedness and long -sightedness entirely underlies Berkeley's writings. I shall exhibit that such a duality is present in Berkeley's immaterialism, as well as in his moral philosophy, producing a clash between Berkeley's own free-thinking and his apologetic concerns. (shrink)

La colonisation n’est faite que de commencements. Ces commencements font les passages de temps vers la décolonisation. Mais l’histoire de la colonisation et des décolonisations se raconte dans les balancements qui évoluent, selon les points de vue adoptés, pour les uns, les « colonisés », entre conquête et établissement, exploration et exploitation,..

At first sight, Isocrates’ use of the term “sophist” may appear contradictory as it is associated with both a positive and a pejorative meaning. The article contends that Isocrates was not being unintentionally vague or imprecise as he deliberately used the term to refer to two disparaging groups of professional teachers or writers who, in his opinion, had nothing in common. Isocrates tended to privilege the positive meaning of the term over the negative one, considering the latter as a contemporary (...) deviation of the former. (shrink)

The idea that liberal democratic legitimacy presupposes the final authority of the state in solving the juridictional boundary question depends upon the argument according to which Westphalian sovereignty has evolved in a liberal democratic direction. From this point of view, sovereignty is internally limited by liberal democratic principles. However, I argue that it is rather public politics, more than Westphalian sovereignty, that has been transformed, in liberal states, and that hence, there is an enduring tension between democratic legitimacy and state (...) sovereignty. (shrink)

As a constructive alternative to the exclusionary binaries of Cartesian philosophy, Genevieve Lloyd and Moira Gatens turn to Spinoza. Spinoza's understanding of the body as "in relation" takes the focus of philosophical thought from the homogeneous subject to the heterogeneity of the social, and the focus of politics from individual rights to collective responsibility. The implications for feminism are radical; Spinoza enables a reconceptualization of the imaginary and the possibility of a sociability of inclusion.

A renewed approach to democratic ethics is needed, one that takes into consideration the management of complexity and memory in a global world. The expansion of democratic ethics for the stewardship of a postnational, postmetaphysical, and postsecular world is the object of this book. It takes as its point of departure current proposals for global democratic justice, but extends these by incorporating contemporary European ideas on border and existential ethics. The privilege of democratic citizenship includes our conscious involvement with our (...) historical destinies, and with others whom we inevitably encounter on our journey of contemporary politics. A post-heroic approach to democratic ethics, one which takes violence and injustice seriously, yet understands the constraints posed on us as historical beings, is necessary. The practices of civility, such as they arise from a normative democratic universe and the ever-increasing role of civil society, can be harnessed for a transborder ethics. The examination of a contemporary democratic anthropology that includes a phenomenology of violence further clarifies the importance of intersubjective processes of encounter, dialogue, and recognition. (shrink)

In South Africa, the majority of the population suffers from the inadequacy of learning opportunities and poor access to the higher education system. This causes the widening of the knowledge gap and increased socio-economic marginalisation, which threatens community agency. Critical knowledge created by academics at South African higher education institutions often culminates in access-controlled, costly scientific publications, thus limiting public access. On the other hand, because of the distance between universities and communities, community knowledge and intelligences are never fed back (...) into the university to enrich scholarship and enhance relevance. This paper explores the need for higher education to be freed from its elitist captivity in order to widen access to knowledge that would enhance community agency and revitalise academic agency for social change. The paper starts with a discussion on the need for change in the elitist nature of higher education. I will recount how essential shifts in thinking and action created the Chance 2 Advance programme hosted by the largest provider of higher education on the continent, the University of South Africa. This programme was designed in an attempt to re-vision academic scholarship for the benefit of the poor. Chance 2 Advance is an engaged scholarship and community-learning programme designed to bring communities and academics closer, in a mutual and reciprocal process of knowledge creation and knowledge mobilisation for social change. The programme has been replicated in urban and rural areas with success. At the end of 2018, the programme is poised to reach 100 000 participants, since its inception in 2010. (shrink)

My comments on Jacqueline Taylor's rich and interesting study1 will focus on a theme which I found particularly thought provoking: the discussion of Hume's treatment of pride. I think the topic of pride is central to the book's structure—closely integrated with the recurring consideration of what is distinctive in Hume's approach to the social significance of the passions.I am going to come at this theme indirectly—through consideration of the differences between Hume and Spinoza on the nature and significance of pride. (...) Taylor shows that Hume has made it possible for pride to be considered as a positive trait, perhaps even as a virtue. Spinoza's attitude to pride in the Ethics is, in contrast, quite negative. The... (shrink)