Results for 'Gerhard Hammer'

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  1.  6
    Die Begründung der Erziehungsziele: Grundzüge e. philos. u. pädag. Anthropologie.Gerhard Hammer - 1979 - Wien: Herder.
  2.  12
    Zur Freiheit fähig?: eine humanwissenschaftl. Unters.Gerhard Hammer - 1978 - Wien: Herder.
  3.  9
    Benjamin Katz: Georg Baselitz at Work.Cornelia Gockel - 2013 - Hirmer Publishers.
    Baselitz is one of the most important artists of today. His works can be found in major museums around the world. For over 30 years, photographer Benjamin Katz has been documenting Baselitz at work in different studios. This volume now captures Baselitz's exceptional life at work and at home. Benjamin Katz is famous for his photographic portraits of artists. Among his previous subjects are Gerhard Richter, Joseph Beuys, Sigmar Polke, Rosemarie Trockel, and Martin Kippenberger. Because Katz is friends with (...)
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  4. Investigations into Logical Deduction.Gerhard Gentzen - 1964 - American Philosophical Quarterly 1 (4):288 - 306.
  5. Causality as a theoretical concept: explanatory warrant and empirical content of the theory of causal nets.Gerhard Schurz & Alexander Gebharter - 2016 - Synthese 193 (4):1073-1103.
    We start this paper by arguing that causality should, in analogy with force in Newtonian physics, be understood as a theoretical concept that is not explicated by a single definition, but by the axioms of a theory. Such an understanding of causality implicitly underlies the well-known theory of causal nets and has been explicitly promoted by Glymour. In this paper we investigate the explanatory warrant and empirical content of TCN. We sketch how the assumption of directed cause–effect relations can be (...)
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  6. Peirce-suit of truth – why inference to the best explanation and abduction ought not to be confused.Gerhard Minnameier - 2004 - Erkenntnis 60 (1):75-105.
    It is well known that the process of scientific inquiry, according to Peirce, is drivenby three types of inference, namely abduction, deduction, and induction. What isbehind these labels is, however, not so clear. In particular, the common identificationof abduction with Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE) begs the question,since IBE appears to be covered by Peirce's concept of induction, not that of abduction.Consequently, abduction ought to be distinguished from IBE, at least on Peirce's account. The main aim of the paper, (...)
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  7.  38
    Belief revision in a framework for default reasoning.Gerhard Brewka - 1991 - In Andre Fuhrmann & Michael Morreau, The Logic of Theory Change: Workshop, Konstanz, FRG, October 13-15, 1989, Proceedings. Springer. pp. 206--222.
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  8. Moral Obstacles: An Alternative to the Doctrine of Double Effect.Gerhard Øverland - 2014 - Ethics 124 (3):481-506.
    The constraint against harming people in order to save yourself and others seems stronger than the constraint against harming people as a consequence of saving yourself and others. The reduced constraint against acting in one type of case is often justified with reference to the intentions of the agent or to the fact that she does not use the people she harms as a means. In this article I offer a victim-centered account. I argue that the circumstances in which the (...)
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  9.  66
    The material theory of object-induction and the universal optimality of meta-induction: Two complementary accounts.Gerhard Schurz & Paul Thorn - 2020 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 82:88-93.
  10. Feldprozesse in der Psychotherapie. Der Mehr-Felder-Ansatz im diagnostischen und therapeutischen Prozess.Gerhard Stemberger - 2009 - Phänomenal 1 (1):12-19.
    The article outlines the Multiple-Field-Approach ("Mehr-Felder-Ansatz") in Gestalt Theoretical Psychotherapy and in psychotherapy in general. This Gestalt theory based approach deals 1) with the conditions under which a secondary phenomenal field (containing a secondary phenomenal ego and a secondary phenomenal environment) segregates within the primary phenomenal field, 2) with the dynamic field interaction between primary and secondary field and their role in psychotherapy, 3) with psychotherapeutic techniques favouring the segregation and favouring the dissolution of a secondary field . Some of (...)
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  11.  87
    Logical Form and Language.Gerhard Preyer & Georg Peter (eds.) - 2002 - Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
    Seventeen specially written essays by eminent philosophers and linguists appear for the first time in this anthology, all with the central theme of logical form -- a fundamental issue in analytic philosophy and linguistic theory. Logical Form and Language brings together exciting new contributions from diverse points of view, which illuminate the lively current debate about this topic.
  12.  86
    From Individual to Collective Intentionality: New Essays.Gerhard Preyer, Frank Hindriks & Sara Rachel Chant (eds.) - 2014 - New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
    Many of the things we do, we do together with other people. Think of carpooling and playing tennis. In the past two or three decades it has become increasingly popular to analyze such collective actions in terms of collective intentions. This volume brings together ten new philosophical essays that address issues such as how individuals succeed in maintaining coordination throughout the performance of a collective action, whether groups can actually believe propositions or whether they merely accept them, and what kind (...)
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  13. Do Democratic Societies Have a Right to Do Wrong?Gerhard Øverland & Christian Barry - 2011 - Journal of Social Philosophy 42 (2):111-131.
    Do members of democratic societies have a moral right that others not actively prevent them from engaging in wrongdoing? Many political theorists think that they do. “It is a feature of democratic government,” Michael Walzer writes, “that the people have a right to act wrongly—in much the same way that they have a right to act stupidly”. Of course, advocates of a democratic right to do wrong may believe that the scope of this right is limited. A majority in a (...)
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  14.  70
    Common cause abduction: The formation of theoretical concepts and models in science.Gerhard Schurz - 2016 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 24 (4).
    An important distinction is that between selective abductions, which select an optimal candidate from given multitude of possible explanations, and creative abductions, which introduce new theoretical concepts and models. The article focuses on creative abductions, which are essential for scientific progress, although they are rarely discussed in the literature. Scientifically, fruitful creative abductions are demarcated from purely speculative abductions by means of three virtues which are possessed by the former but not by the latter: (i) providing unification, (ii) detecting common (...)
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  15. Causality and Unification: How Causality Unifies Statistical Regularities.Gerhard Schurz - 2015 - Theoria: Revista de Teoría, Historia y Fundamentos de la Ciencia 30 (1):73.
    Two key ideas of scientific explanation - explanations as causal information and explanation as unification - have frequently been set into mutual opposition. This paper proposes a "dialectical solution" to this conflict, by arguing that causal explanations are preferable to non-causal explanations because they lead to a higher degree of unification at the level of the explanation of statistical regularities. The core axioms of the theory of causal nets are justified because they give the best if not the only unifying (...)
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  16. Der theosophische Einfluss auf Rudolf Steiners fünftes Evangelium.Gerhard Lechner - manuscript
    Dieser Beitrag erörtert die „übersinnlichen Erkenntnisse“ von Rudolf Steiner zum Thema der Beziehungen von Jesus zu den Essenern. Steiner beschäftigte sich in seinem Vortragszyklus „Das fünfte Evangelium“ mit dieser Frage und präsentierte Erkenntnisse seiner Forschungen aus der Akasha-Chronik. Um die Unabhängigkeit der Akasha-Forschungen von Steiner herauszufiltern, stellt der Autor die Forschungen der Theosophin Blavatsky den Erkenntnissen von Steiner gegenüber. Die Gegenüberstellung verfolgt das Ziel, die Grenzen und Möglichkeiten der Akasha-Forschungen Steiners zu erkunden. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass das fünfte Evangelium von (...)
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  17. Free Will, Control, and the Possibility to do Otherwise from a Causal Modeler’s Perspective.Gerhard Schurz, Maria Sekatskaya & Alexander Gebharter - 2020 - Erkenntnis 87 (4):1889-1906.
    Strong notions of free will are closely connected to the possibility to do otherwise as well as to an agent’s ability to causally influence her environment via her decisions controlling her actions. In this paper we employ techniques from the causal modeling literature to investigate whether a notion of free will subscribing to one or both of these requirements is compatible with naturalistic views of the world such as non-reductive physicalism to the background of determinism and indeterminism. We argue that (...)
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  18. (1 other version)Theological Dictionary of the New Testament.Gerhard Kittel & Geoffrey W. Bromiley - 1964
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  19.  99
    Conditional Threats.Gerhard Øverland - 2010 - Journal of Moral Philosophy 7 (3):334-345.
    In this paper I ponder the moral status of conditional threats, in particular the extent to which a threatened party would be permitted to use (lethal) defensive force. I first investigate a mugger case before turning briefly to the more complicated issue of national defence in the face of an invading army. One should not exaggerate the level of protection people under threat owe their conditioned killers simply because what is extorted is of little value. After all, either the conditional (...)
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  20.  35
    Evolution in Nature and Culture.Gerhard Schurz - 2021 - American Philosophical Quarterly 58 (1):95-110.
    The goal of this paper is to defend the theory of generalized evolution (GE) against criticisms by laying down its theoretical principles and their applications in a unified way. Section 2 develops GE theory and its realization in biological evolution (BE) and cultural evolution (CE). The core of GE theory consists of the three Darwinian principles together with the models of population dynamics (PD). Section 3 reconstructs the most important differences between BE and CE. While BE is predominantly based on (...)
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  21.  96
    The No Free Lunch Theorem: Bad News for (white's Account of) the Problem of Induction.Gerhard Schurz - 2021 - Episteme 18 (1):31-45.
    White (2015) proposes an a priori justification of the reliability of inductive prediction methods based on his thesis of induction-friendliness. It asserts that there are by far more induction-friendly event sequences than induction-unfriendly event sequences. In this paper I contrast White's thesis with the famous no free lunch (NFL) theorem. I explain two versions of this theorem, the strong NFL theorem applying to binary and the weak NFL theorem applying to real-valued predictions. I show that both versions refute the thesis (...)
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  22. Ego and Self in Gestalt Theory.Gerhard Stemberger - 2021 - Gestalt Theory 43 (1):47-68.
    The paper presents basic Gestalt psychological concepts of ego and self. They differ from other concepts in the way that they do not comprehend ego and self as fixed entities or as central controlling instances of the psyche, but as one specific organized unit in a psychological field in dynamic interrelation with the other organized units—the environment units—of this field. On this theme, well-known representatives of Gestalt theory have presented some general and special theories since the early days of this (...)
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  23.  31
    From Conventionalism to Social Authenticity: Heidegger’s Anyone and Contemporary Social Theory.Gerhard Thonhauser & Hans Schmid (eds.) - 2017 - Cham: Springer Verlag.
    This edited volume offers a new approach to understanding social conventions by way of Martin Heidegger. It connects the philosopher's conceptions of the anyone, everydayness, and authenticity with an analysis and critique of social normativity. Heidegger’s account of the anyone is ambiguous. Some see it as a good description of human sociality, others think of it as an important critique of modern mass society. This volume seeks to understand this ambiguity as reflecting the tension between the constitutive function of conventions (...)
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  24.  14
    Approaching Collectivity Collectively: A Multi-Disciplinary Account of Collective Action.Gerhard Thonhauser & Martin Weichold - unknown
    There has been considerable progress in investigating collective actions in the last decades. However, the real progress is different from what many scholars take it to be. It lies in the fact that there is by now a wealth of different approaches from a variety of fields. Each approach has carved out fruitful mechanisms for explaining collective action, but is also faced with limitations. Given that situation, we submit that the next step in investigating collective action is to acknowledge the (...)
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  25.  19
    Metaphysics of Evolution: Ontology and Justification of Generalized Evolution Theory.Gerhard Schurz - 2023 - In Agathe du Crest, Martina Valković, André Ariew, Hugh Desmond, Philippe Huneman & Thomas A. C. Reydon, Evolutionary Thinking Across Disciplines: Problems and Perspectives in Generalized Darwinism. Springer Verlag. pp. 2147483647-2147483647.
    Section 10.1 introduces generalized evolution (GE) theory. Here, the three core principles of the theory of evolution − reproduction, variation and selection − are detached from their biological basis, abstracted and extended to other domains, in particular to the domain of cultural evolution (CE). Section 10.2 investigates the ontological foundations of GE and CE theory. They consist in entities and structures that must be realized to get the three modules of evolution running. These entities include self-reproducing systems with variation, and (...)
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  26.  21
    Short note: Least fixed points versus least closed points.Gerhard Jäger - 2021 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 60 (7):831-835.
    This short note is on the question whether the intersection of all fixed points of a positive arithmetic operator and the intersection of all its closed points can proved to be equivalent in a weak fragment of second order arithmetic.
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  27.  10
    Thinking with Adorno: the uncoercive gaze.Gerhard Richter - 2019 - New York: Fordham University Press.
    Introduction : the art of reading -- Adorno and the uncoercive gaze -- Buried possibility : Adorno and Arendt on tradition -- The inheritance of the constellation : Adorno and Hegel -- Judging by refraining from judgment : Adorno's artwork and its Einordnung -- The literary artwork between word and concept : Adorno and Agamben reading Kafka -- The artwork without cardinal direction : notes on orientation in Adorno -- False life, living on : Adorno with Derrida -- Conclusion : (...)
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  28. Reconciliation of Time Perspectives as a Criterion for Therapy Completion.Gerhard Stemberger, Elena Trombini & Giancarlo Trombini - 2021 - Gestalt Theory 43 (1):101-119.
    Summary Giancarlo Trombini presents the continuation of his research on the question of which criteria can be used to assess the progress of therapy in an objectively verifiable way and to make the decision on the completion of therapy. In the first phase of his research, the phenomenological criterion of a qualitative change in the patient’s relations toward the positive and higher complexity was proposed for this purpose. In terms of the working method in analytic therapy, this meant concretely: attention (...)
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  29.  73
    (1 other version)Investigations into Logical Deduction: II.Gerhard Gentzen - 1965 - American Philosophical Quarterly 2 (3):204 - 218.
  30.  52
    Distinct Visual Processing of Real Objects and Pictures of Those Objects in 7- to 9-month-old Infants.Theresa M. Gerhard, Jody C. Culham & Gudrun Schwarzer - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  31.  81
    Moral Taint: On the Transfer of the Implications of Moral Culpability.Gerhard Ø Verland - 2011 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 28 (2):122-136.
    Suppose two people are about to drown. We are in a position to save only one, so the other will have to die. One of the two has just culpably killed an innocent person, but has no intention of killing anybody else and there is no reason to expect that he will. Everything else being equal, should we give them an equal chance of being saved by flipping a coin? In this paper I argue that we should not. I argue (...)
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  32. The evolution and ontogeny of consciousness.Gerhard Roth - 2000 - In Thomas Metzinger, Neural Correlates of Consciousness: Empirical and Conceptual Questions. MIT Press.
     
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  33.  10
    Terminologie der frühen philosophischen Scholastik in Indien: ein Begriffswörterbuch zur altindischen Dialektik, Erkenntnislehre und Methodologie.Gerhard Oberhammer - 1991 - Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Edited by Ernst Prets & Joachim Prandstetter.
    v. 1. A-I -- Bd. 2. U-Pū -- Bd. 3. Pra-H.
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  34.  47
    Ammonius and the Seabattle: Texts, Commentary and Essays.Gerhard Seel (ed.) - 2001 - New York: De Gruyter.
    Ever since Aristotle's famous argument about the sea-battle tomorrow, there has been intensive and controversial discussion among philosophers whether the truth of statements about the future leads to determinism. Ther e is controversy about Aristotle's own solution to the problem, as well as the views of classical and medieval commentators on Aristotle. Seel's book attempts to answer this question for the Neoplatonist Ammonius (5th-6th century AD). In so doing, he also opens up new insights into Neoplatonic thought.
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  35.  74
    602 and One Dead: On Contribution to Global Poverty and Liability to Defensive Force.Gerhard Øverland - 2011 - European Journal of Philosophy 21 (2):279-299.
    : When suggesting that we—the affluent in the developed world—are legitimate targets of defensive force due to our contribution to global poverty one is likely to be countered by one of two strategies. The first denies that we contribute to global poverty. The second seems to affirm that we contribute, and even that we have stringent contribution-based duties to address this poverty, but denies that such contribution makes forcible resistance permissible. Those in this second group employ several argumentative strategies. In (...)
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  36. Wir sind determiniert. Die Hirnforschung befreit von Illusionen.Gerhard Roth - 2004 - In Christian Geyer, Hirnforschung Und Willensfreiheit: Zur Deutung der Neuesten Experimente. Suhrkamp. pp. 218--228.
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  37.  28
    Paul Lorenzen -- Mathematician and Logician.Gerhard Heinzmann & Gereon Wolters (eds.) - 2021 - Springer Verlag.
    This open access book examines the many contributions of Paul Lorenzen, an outstanding philosopher from the latter half of the 20th century. It features papers focused on integrating Lorenzen's original approach into the history of logic and mathematics. The papers also explore how practitioners can implement Lorenzen’s systematical ideas in today’s debates on proof-theoretic semantics, databank management, and stochastics. Coverage details key contributions of Lorenzen to constructive mathematics, Lorenzen’s work on lattice-groups and divisibility theory, and modern set theory and Lorenzen’s (...)
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  38.  31
    Erkenntnistheorie: Eine Einführung.Gerhard Schurz - 2021 - J.B. Metzler.
    Das Lehrbuch führt voraussetzungsfrei in alle bedeutenden Gebiete der Erkenntnistheorie ein. Es stellt eine Mitte zwischen der zeitgenössischen angelsächsischen Epistemologie und den klassischen Fragen der Erkenntnistheorie her und schlägt auch Brücken zu Nachbardisziplinen. Im letzten Teil wird gezeigt, wie mit den erarbeiteten Methoden grundlegende erkenntnistheoretische Rätsel, wie das Induktionsproblem und das Realismusproblem, aufgelöst werden können. Jedes Kapitel entspricht einer grundlegenden Lehreinheit, die durch Hinzunahme der Exkurse zu einer umfassenderen Einführung erweitert werden können.
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  39.  73
    Forced assistance.Gerhard Øverland - 2009 - Law and Philosophy 28 (2):203 - 232.
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  40.  63
    Contractual Killing.Gerhard Øverland - 2005 - Ethics 115 (4):692-720.
  41. Killing Civilians.Gerhard Øverland - 2005 - European Journal of Philosophy 13 (3):345-363.
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  42.  45
    Trends in the functional morphology and sensorimotor control of feeding behavior in salamanders: An example of the role of internal dynamics in evolution.Gerhard Roth & David B. Wake - 1985 - Acta Biotheoretica 34 (2-4):175-191.
    Organisms are self-producing and self-maintaining, or autopoietic systems. Therefore, the course of evolution and adaptation of an organism is strongly determined by its own internal properties, whatever role external selection may play. The internal properties may either act as constraints that preclude certain changes or they open new pathways: the organism canalizes its own evolution. As an example the evolution of feeding mechanisms in salamanders, especially in the lungless salamanders of the family Plethodontidae, is discussed. In this family a large (...)
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  43. On disproportionate force and fighting in vain.Gerhard Øverland - 2011 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 41 (2):235-261.
    Two conditions guiding permissible use of force in self-defence are proportionality and success. According to the proportionality condition the means used to prevent an attack can be permissible only if they are proportional to the interest at stake.1 According to the success condition, otherwise impermissible acts can be justified under the right to self-defence only if they are likely to succeed in preventing the perceived threat.2 These requirements should not always be interpreted narrowly. Sometimes people are permitted to kill culpable (...)
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  44.  46
    Killing Soldiers.Gerhard Øverland - 2006 - Ethics and International Affairs 20 (4):455–475.
    A riddle in the ethics of war concerns whether lethal defensive force may be justifiably used against aggressing soldiers who are morally innocent.
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  45.  16
    Eternal Garden: Mysticism, History, and Politics at a South Asian Sufi Center.Gerhard Böwering, Carl W. Ernst & Gerhard Bowering - 1994 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 114 (3):521.
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  46. About the Ability to Be in Two Places at Once.Gerhard Stemberger - 2018 - Gestalt Theory 40 (2):207-234.
    Summary In 1915 the Danish psychologist Edgar Rubin describes in his famous work on figure-ground perception, the phenomenon that when you look attentively at a picture, a second, virtual ego arises, breaking away from the viewer-ego to wander around in the picture along the contours of the depicted. In 1982, German Gestalt psychologist Edwin Rausch expanded this observation of the emergence of a second phenomenal ego to the conclusion that not only does a second phenomenal ego emerge, but with it (...)
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  47.  9
    About the Strength of Operational Regularity.Gerhard Jäger & Rico Zumbrunnen - 2012 - In Ulrich Berger, Hannes Diener, Peter Schuster & Monika Seisenberger, Logic, Construction, Computation. De Gruyter. pp. 305-324.
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  48.  99
    Dividing Harm.Gerhard Øverland - 2011 - Journal of Moral Philosophy 8 (4):547-566.
    In this paper I argue that mere causal contribution to harm is morally significant on two counts: a) innocent aggressors have a duty to bear additional costs to help protect their potential victims, as compared to the duty innocent bystanders are expected to bear, and correspondingly; b) it is permissible to use more force against innocent aggressors, as used in self-defense and defense of others, than innocent bystanders. The paper has two parts. First I aim to demonstrate the intuitive plausibility (...)
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  49.  42
    The Language of Demonstration: Translating Science and the Formation of Terminology in Arabic Philosophy and Science.Gerhard Endress - 2002 - Early Science and Medicine 7 (3):231-253.
    The reception of the rational sciences, scientific practice, discourse and methodology into Arabic Islamic society proceeded in several stages of exchange with the transmitters of Iranian, Christian-Aramaic and Byzantine-Greek learning. Translation and the acquisition of knowledge from the Hellenistic heritage went hand in hand with a continuous refinement of the methods of linguistic transposition and the creation of a standardized technical language in Arabic: terminology, rhetoric, and the genres of instruction. Demonstration more geometrico, first introduced by the paradigmatic sciences-mathematics, astronomy, (...)
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  50. Idee einer Wissenschaftslogik - Grundzüge einer Logik imperativer Sätze.Gerhard Frey - 1957 - Philosophia Naturalis 4:434.
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