This essay honors Lyman Tower Sargent's cumulative work on utopian genres by offering a brief provocation about genre in general. Beneath the evolving faces of utopianism, it proposes that we focus on a different aspect of genre: the indeterminate number n of embodied labors at particular sites and times where people applied the conceptual and material tools at hand to the work of interacting with particular aspects of lived experience. It argues that much of the work of genre—the work of (...) genre deploying, genre undoing, genre becoming, or genre aspiring to become—happens at unique sites of labor, past, present, and future. Following McKenzie Wark, it refers to this as a labor point of view toward genre. (shrink)

Marina Gustavovna Shtorkh is a daughter of Gustav Shpet (1879-1937), one of the most important Russian philosophers of the 20th century. He spent the last two years of his life (1935-1937) in exile in Siberia. M.G. Shtorkh shares her memories in a documentary film about her father and his circle, the intellectual leaders of the Silver Age, philosophers, actors, artists: A. Belyi, V. Kachalov, I. Moskvin, A. Shchusev, B. Pil`niak, etc. This book by Elena Iakovich is a transcript of the (...) film. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Frühmittelalterliche Studien Jahrgang: 36 Heft: 2 Seiten: 416-420.

Reseña de Benedikt Maria Trappen, Ach, dass ich doch erst Befreiter wäre. Friedrich Nietzsche. Eine Lebensgeschichte in Briefen, München: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 2020, p. 144. Benedikt Maria Trappen, Wahrheit, Ewige Wiederkehr, Wille zur Macht: Grundthemen Nietzsches in der Auslegung von Karl Jaspers, München: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 2020, p. 120.

When we use so-called predicates of personal taste to talk about an object, we express our subjective experience of the object. There is no objective truth about whether a given thing is, say, funny. I shall argue that it can make sense to argue about matters of taste anyway because (a) there are good reasons to want to change our interlocutor’s relevant experience, and (b) disputes about taste can bring about such a change. These reasons can be moral or political. (...) My argument serves to connect debates in the philosophy of language, social epistemology, and ideology theory in illuminating ways. (shrink)

Zusammenfassung. Die niederländische Euthanasie-Politik erzeugt immer wieder Verwunderung in anderen Ländern: Grundsätzlich stellt Euthanasie sowohl in den Niederlanden als auch im Ausland einen strafbaren Tatbestand dar. Und hier wie dort werden unter bestimmten Umständen derartige Fälle geduldet. Im Ausland geschieht diese Duldung, falls überhaupt geduldet wird, im allgemeinen stillschweigend und inoffiziell. Die niederländischen Behörden dagegen regeln aktiv und öffentlich diejenigen Fälle von Euthanasie, in denen keine Strafverfolgung eingeleitet wird. Man gibt im voraus an, unter welchen Umständen der betreffende Arzt keine (...) Strafverfolgung zu befürchten hat. Mit der vorliegenden Abhandlung wird mittels eines kurzen Rückblicks in die Geschichte der früheren Republik der Niederlande eine historische Erklärung des typisch niederländischen Phänomens des gedogen gegeben. Im Anschluß wird aufgezeigt, inwieweit gedogen im Bereich der niederländischen Euthanasie-Politik zum Tragen kommt. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Nietzscheforschung Jahrgang: 24 Heft: 1 Seiten: 35-58.

To honor the 50th anniversary of the publication of Truth and Method, this paper discusses the phenomenological foundations of the hermeneutical clatm to an eminent epistemological relevance of art. While Gadamer, following the early Hcidegger, tends to conceive such relevance as the contnbution of art to historical self-understanding, the attempt is made to integrate art into philosophy through a reeximanation of phenomenological method. An interpretation of the London Leerures not only shows the close resemblance of Husserl's later account of phenomenological (...) method as ,the method of zig-zag' to Heidegger's and Gadamer's accounts of understanding. Furthermore, the idea of method being closely tied to the evident experience of things as ,exemplary objects' used as ,transeendental guiding threads' for phenomenology prefigures Heidegger's account of the truth of artworks in 'The Origin of the Work of Art'. In conclusion, I argue that the truth of art can be integrated into phenomenological method by conceiving artworks not as transitory sedimentations of self-understanding but as phenomenological models, which as objects of interpretation allow one to access and explicate the phenomenological givenness of earth and world. (shrink)

This paper discusses recent attempts to solve the problem of induction. Two broad strategies to escape Hume's fork can be distinguished. The first tries to localize the justification of specific inductions in uncontroversial empirical knowledge, e.g.mundane scientific knowledge (J. D. Norton) or perception (M. Lange). I argue that related attempts to (dis)solve the problem fail. The second strategy tries to put forward an argument in favor of induction. As a discussion of work by R. White shows, this argument can barely (...) prove that induction is reliable or at least not unreliable. But D. Steel, F. Huber and G. Schurz could show that enumerative induction is necessary and sufficient for a certain epistemic goal or optimal in a certain sense. These proofs, however, only solve the problem of induction if the goal or a certain standard has priority over the avoidance of error. This suggests that the difficulties to justify induction do not so much derive from Hume's fork, but rather from a plurality of sensible epistemic goals that can conflict with each other. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Frühmittelalterliche Studien Jahrgang: 50 Heft: 1 Seiten: 99-128.

Der Forschungs- und Entwicklungsansatz des Modellprojektes LIMITS fokussiert exemplarisch auf kommunaler Ebene die komplexen Entscheidungsstrukturen in der Versorgung Sterbender mit dem Ziel der strukturellen Absicherung des Willens des Betroffenen. Als interdisziplinär angelegtes Projekt der angewandten Ethik erfolgen die Entwicklungsschritte des Konsensprojekts methodisch auf einer empirischen Grundlage, die erstmalig die Komplexität der beteiligten Akteursperspektiven auf kommunaler Ebene sowohl hinsichtlich ihrer Versorgungs- wie ihrer Entscheidungsaspekte abbildet. Neben den bekannten Fragen kooperativer Versorgung stellen dabei insbesondere problematische Entscheidungen und unangemessene Entscheidungswege das gemeinsame Problem (...) aller Beteiligten in der Sterbephase dar. Die rekonstruierte "finale Verflechtungsfalle" in der letzten Lebensphase macht einen der Komplexität angemessenen organisationellen und kommunalen "ethischen" Entwicklungsansatz notwendig, um eine verlässliche personorientierte Begleitung Sterbender flächendeckend zu erreichen. (shrink)

Next SectionDiscourse particles typically express the attitudes of interlocutors with respect to the propositional content of an utterance – for example, marking whether or not a speaker believes the content of the proposition that she uttered. In German, the particle doch – which has no direct English translation – is commonly used to correct a belief that is thought to be common ground among those present. We asked whether German adults and 5-year-olds are able to infer that a speaker (...) who utters doch intends to be understood in this way. Sixty-four children (4;9–5;3 years) and twenty-four adults participated in a comprehension task in which a speaker explicitly expressed either a positive belief or a negative belief. Subsequently, in both conditions, the speaker checked the truth of her previous belief and corrected her belief with doch. In both the group of adults and the group of children, polarity of the speaker’s belief affected hearers’ interpretations of the speaker’s utterance. In a third condition we investigated whether participants could also perform the more difficult task of interpreting the speaker’s utterance with doch while inferring the speaker’s belief. Whereas adults showed a similar performance as in the explicit belief conditions, children showed limited abilities in keeping track of the speaker’s belief. (shrink)

Sterben und Tod werden aus unterschiedlichster Sicht (medizinisch, psychologisch, mystisch) beleuchtet und reflektiert. Die Sicht von Betroffenen, die Nahtod-Erlebnisse hatten, und die daraus resultierenden Konsequenzen für die betreuenden Personen werden ebenso wie der Umgang mit Sterben und Tod in unserer Gesellschaft kritisch dargestellt.