The Code for Global Ethics: Ten Humanist Principles By Dr Rodrigue Tremblay Prometheus Books -/- The world faces a crisis of civilization, which is in reality a moral crisis. The modern moral worldview that has evolved since the 18th Century Age of Enlightenment seems to be weathering. There is a recrudescence of the old moral formulas that encourage conflicts and wars. Humanity is in need of a new moral revival, free of sectarian references, in order to pursue its long march (...) for survival in a climate of progress and liberty. -/- The Code for Global Ethics proposes an imperative and more explicitly universal code of rights and obligations for all individuals, whether they be ordinary citizens or leaders of countries, of corporations, or religious organizations. It outlines the principles of rational humanism to be applied within the global context of a shrinking and a politically and economically interdependent world. Such a universal and global code of conduct is then compared to alternative moral codes—codes usually based on sectarian religious systems—with a demonstration of why such narrow or ethnically centered moral systems have failed humanity in the past. In our view, humanism is about idealism, compassion, and mutual tolerance, in a true spirit of humanity. It is a truly universal vision of humankind. http://www.amazon.com/The-Code-Global-Ethics-Principles/dp/1616141727/ref=pd_sim_sbs_b_3 -/- . (shrink)

Uma interpretação corrente do fenômeno social ensina que todos os bens coletivos são bens convergentes. As concepções bem-estarista e utilitarista na economia e na filosofia, respectivamente, são os seus principais expoentes. A tese consiste em aceitar que “totalidades sociais” são inexoravelmente compostas de “partes” e que, por isso, na base de cada bem público ou social se encontrariam sempre os indivíduos, os quais seriam, em última análise, responsáveis pela sua existência. Assim, os bens públicos seriam bens para os quais convergem (...) interesses e escolhas dos agentes sociais. O presente estudo mostra, em primeiro lugar, segundo a compreensão de Taylor, que nem todos os bens coletivos são bens convergentes. Alguns bens sociais podem ser considerados bens irredutivelmente sociais, cuja justificativa se encontra na reflexão sobre o significado. Em segundo lugar, aborda a contribuição que a noção hegeliana de eticidade teve sobre a formulação desse argumento. (shrink)

This paper introduces the logic of evidence and truth \ as an extension of the Belnap–Dunn four-valued logic \. \ is a slightly modified version of the logic \, presented in Carnielli and Rodrigues. While \ is equipped only with a classicality operator \, \ is equipped with a non-classicality operator \ as well, dual to \. Both \ and \ are logics of formal inconsistency and undeterminedness in which the operator \ recovers classical logic for propositions in its (...) scope. Evidence is a notion weaker than truth in the sense that there may be evidence for a proposition \ even if \ is not true. As well as \, \ is able to express preservation of evidence and preservation of truth. The primary aim of this paper is to propose a probabilistic semantics for \ where statements \\) and \\) express, respectively, the amount of evidence available for \ and the degree to which the evidence for \ is expected to behave classically—or non-classically for \ \). A probabilistic scenario is paracomplete when \ + P 1\), and in both cases, \ < 1\). If \ = 1\), or \ = 0\), classical probability is recovered for \. The proposition \, a theorem of \, partitions what we call the information space, and thus allows us to obtain some new versions of known results of standard probability theory. (shrink)

The emergence of environmental governance practices raises a fundamental question as to whether they are substantive or symbolic. Toward that end, we analyze the relationship between a firm’s environmental governance and its environmental management as reflected in its ultimate outcome, environmental performance. We posit that substantive practices would bring changes in organizations, most notably in terms of improved environmental performance, whereas symbolic practices would portray organizations as environmentally committed without making meaningful changes to their operations. Focusing on a sample of (...) environmentally sensitive firms, results are consistent with environmental governance mechanisms being predominantly part of a symbolic approach to manage stakeholder perceptions on environmental management, having little substantial impact on organizations. Statistical analyses show mostly that there is no relation between environmental governance mechanisms and environmental performance, measured in terms of regulatory compliance, pollution prevention, and environmental capital expenditures. However, there is some indication that environmental incentives are associated with pollution prevention. Interviews with corporate directors shed further light on these results by underlining that environmental governance mechanisms are employed at the board level to protect the organization from reputational and/or regulatory harm, but are not necessarily intended to proactively improve environmental performance. (shrink)

In the care of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC), some ethical difficulties stem from the challenges of accurate diagnosis and the uncertainty of prognosis. Current neuroimaging research on these disorders could eventually improve the accuracy of diagnoses and prognoses and therefore change the context of end-of-life decision making. However, the perspective of healthcare professionals on these disorders remains poorly understood and may constitute an obstacle to the integration of research. We conducted a qualitative study involving healthcare professionals from an (...) acute care university medical center. A short questionnaire captured demographic data as well as the experience of participants with DOC patients. A semi-structured interview was used to explore attitudes toward ethical issues identified in a previous literature review. Qualitative content analysis of interviews was conducted with the NVivo software. Accurate diagnosis among DOC is often regarded as a challenge, but this was generally not the case for our participants because most reported high confidence in DOC diagnoses. However, participants reported struggling with prognosis, especially because of its essential role for end-of-life decision making and communication with families. Variability of opinion between healthcare professionals was reported and identified by some as a minor issue while others stressed how families struggle with different medical opinions. End-of-life decision making encompassed a large proportion of ethical challenges in these patients, and the removal of artificial nutrition and hydration created significant discomfort in a minority of participants. The concept of futility was subject to wide-ranging understandings with both favorable and unfavorable opinions. Our data suggest that to ensure the incorporation of new evidence-based advances, attention should be directed to the real-world practices and challenges of accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Given pervasive challenges in end-of-life care, we recommend improved training of healthcare professionals in the care of patients with DOC, particularly in end-of life care, understanding the context of decision making, and determining how to optimally integrate new neuroscience research on the care of patients with DOC. (shrink)

After satisfying their quantitative and qualitative needs as regards nutrition, consumers in developed countries are becoming more involved in the ethical aspects of food production, especially when it relates to animal products. Social demands for respecting animal welfare in housing systems are increasing rapidly, as is social awareness of human responsibility towards farm animals. Many studies have been conducted on animal welfare measurement in different production systems, but the available information for small ruminants remains insufficient. In this study, a 75 (...) criteria-evaluation tool has been set up on the basis of the five freedoms concept. Animal welfare considerations have been analyzed in 25 documents, including labeling schemes, regulations, and recommendations from different European countries. The results show many differences between regular and organic small ruminant farming standards. Emergency measures are generally lacking. A weak representation of psychological aspects of animal welfare, especially by the current European legislation, is highlighted. (shrink)

Neste artigo propomos fazer uma breve reconstrução da concepção filosófica da história em Hegel a fim de podermos apresentar os aspectos determinantes através dos quais, para o filósofo, a história se exibiria ao pensamento, bem como expor seu entendimento da história em ato. Para além das categorias “passado”, “presente” e “futuro”, Hegel, à maneira dos Iluministas e de sua aproximação entre história e progresso ou perfectibilidade, oferece um entendimento da história como “progresso na consciência da liberdade”. Analisaremos em que consiste (...) essa definição e, ao fazê-lo, buscaremos reunir argumentos contra uma interpretação determinista da concepção hegeliana da história. Em um segundo momento, mostraremos que, se Hegel apoia uma filosofia da história e social na qual a liberdade exerce um papel fundamental, ele está, porém, interessado em combater uma noção demasiado negativa ou subjetivista da liberdade, a partir da qual o outro é visto como limitador ou mesmo oposto à mesma. (shrink)

Nos últimos anos de vida do filósofo de Berlim, ele emitiu alguns comentários sobre as dificuldades de o espirita se realizar concretamente na história. A objetivação do espirita estaria enfrentando sérias dificuldades com o engendramento geração de uma sociedade livre e autônoma. A determinação concreta da ideia da liberdade, na imediação de um povo, precisa ser projetada para o futuro da história. Estabelecemos, então, considerações sobre o futuro da história em Hegel tentando mostrar como ele não perdeu de vista a (...) correta mediação entre o discurso lógico e a explicação objetiva da história, entre a especulação e a objetivação. (shrink)

Ce travail s’insère dans un projet intitulé « Le discours aux frontières du social », qui vise à analyser, dans des films documentaires, l’entrecroisement des différents matériaux en jeu dans ces productions. Pour comprendre comment se formule la critique sociale, j’ai choisi d’analyser deux documentaires ayant pour thème des conflits sociaux : Tereza (« Thérèse », qui met en scène la vie des détenus dans une prison de Campinas) et Boca de Lixo (« Décharge publique », qui présente la vie (...) de personnes qui habitent et travaillent dans les dépôts d’ordures). (shrink)

Este ensaio introdutório faz uma breve apresentação do tratado de óptica atribuído a Euclides de Alexandria, inserindo-o no contexto das teorias sobre a visão formuladas pelas doutrinas filosóficas antigas. Ressalta-se o antagonismo entre a análise geométrica da visão, empreendida por Euclides, e as considerações filosóficas acerca dos processos físicos subjacentes à sensação visual. Pretende-se mostrar que o objeto da óptica euclidiana é a percepção visual daquilo que Aristóteles denomina "sensível comum". This introductory essay provides an abridged presentation of the optical (...) treatise attributed to Euclid of Alexandria, placing it in the context of theories about vision formulated by the ancient philosophical doctrines. I emphasize the antagonism between the geometric analysis of vision, undertaken by Euclid, and the philosophical considerations about the physical processes underlying visual sensation. In addition, I aim to show that the object of Euclidean optics is the visual perception of what Aristotle calls "common sensible". (shrink)

In the last three years, there has been a worldwide increase in integrating African philosophy into the philosophy curricula. Nevertheless, given that African philosophy has been largely neglected by Western academia, many philosophers in the West who do wish to integrate it are unaware of how to do it. This article aims at addressing this issue by offering some recommendations on how to integrate African philosophy into the curricula. Particularly, it offers recommendations based on how the history of ancient philosophy, (...) metaphilosophy, ethics and political philosophy have become integrated. Additionally, there is a recommendation for how to make an entirely new module based on African political philosophy. (shrink)

In his “An Epistemic Defense of News Abstinence” (2021), Sven Bernecker argues for a radical epistemic approach to counter the consumption of fake news. He suggests that a subject can be propositionally justified in ignoring the news under specific circumstances. This paper critically examines Bernecker’s account and raises essential concerns undermining its plausibility. Then, it proposes a revision of the news abstinence account. It is argued that the original attitude of ignoring the news is epistemically inappropriate and should be replaced (...) with a more suitable attitude of suspending judgment. This adjustment allows for the maintenance of Bernecker’s original idea of an epistemic defense strategy against the consumption of fake news while avoiding its associated issues. (shrink)

The morality of war has been debated from a variety of perspectives. However, it has rarely been intertwined with the topic of the existence of God. Sometimes anti-theists argue that the existence of a Western Judeo-Christian God who is omnipotent, omniscient and morally perfect is inconsistent with the existence of evils such as war. We will argue that there is no such logical inconsistency between the God of the African traditional religions and the evil of war. First, we contend that (...) such a logical inconsistency does not exist because God in African traditional religions is not seen as omnipotent, omniscient or morally perfect, and therefore, it would not be logically inconsistent for such a God to co-exist with the evil of war. This is mainly because African moral realism entails that war is a legitimate means for an imperfect being in an imperfect world to pursue morally permissible goals. Second, even if God is omniscient, omnipotent and morally perfect, when considered from the African religious viewpoint, a God of harmony, like the one in African traditional religions, can permit some evils for a greater good such as “harmony”. (shrink)

Trata-se de fazer um recorte temático na história da filosofia ocidental, comparando três noções básicas de ciência: a aristotélica-tomista, segundo a qual ciência é conhecimento dedutivo, com base em certos princípios supremos, de estabelecimento de verdades; a baconiana, segundo a qual ciência é um procedimento indutivo de descoberta de verdades; e a peirciana, segundo a qual ciência é um modo de vida, uma atividade investigativa concreta, de descoberta da verdade. Aristóteles; Demonstração; Dedução; Tomás de Aquino; Princípios; Bacon; Indução; Peirce; Inquirição; (...) Comunidade de inquirição; Ciência. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between information and abductive reasoning in the context of problem-solving, focusing on non-human animals. Two questions guide our investigation: What is the relation between information and abductive reasoning in the context of human and non-human animals? Do non-human animals perform discovery based on inferential processes such as abductive reasoning? In order to answer these questions, we discuss the semiotic concept of information in relation to the concept of abductive reasoning and, (...) more specifically, to the notion of manipulative abduction proposed by Magnani. Finally, we investigate a case study of corvids’ intelligence, namely, their capacity of causal cognition. (shrink)

El debate por una Epistemología del Diseño en Argentina ha coincidido en sostener que estas disciplinas afrontan una diversidad de variables y producen una serie de beneficios que la posicionan como una categoría autónoma, diferente del Arte, la Tecnología y la Ciencia; argumento circular que impide una epistemología sin contradicciones. Forzando el cientificismo de M. Bunge, el objetivo de este trabajo fue indagar el posicionamiento de la Arquitectura como una multi-disciplina científica, análogamente al concepto bungeano sobre la medicina: parte C. (...) Básica, parte C. Aplicada, parte Tecnología y su ejercicio una Artesanía de alto fuste. Sin renunciar a su dimensión artística, ni proponer estéticas, axiologías o dinámicas proyectuales como los antecedentes hallados en la literatura, el posicionamiento como una multi-disciplina abarca la gran variedad de prácticas disciplinares actuales y puede ser el punto de partida para su criba desde las distintas disciplinas científicas y la formulación de su Epistemología. (shrink)

Animal advocates world-wide have been accused of campaigns immured in racism. Some authors have argued that for animal advocates to avoid this accusation they should simultaneously engage with racial discrimination issues when advocating for animal welfare/rights. This prescription has been mostly explored in the context of the Global North and by looking at Western normative theory. In this article I address this issue but by looking at the context of South Africa and analysing the prescriptions from an Afro-communitarian ethic. I (...) conclude that this ethic prescribes that there is a positive duty to engage in racial discrimination issues and, if one does not do so, a violation of some negative duties occurs. (shrink)

The main aim of this paper is to introduce first-order versions of logics of evidence and truth, together with corresponding sound and complete Kripke semantics with variable and constant domains. According to the intuitive interpretation proposed here, these logics intend to represent possibly inconsistent and incomplete information bases over time. The paper also discusses the connections between Belnap-Dunn’s and da Costa’s approaches to paraconsistency, and argues that the logics of evidence and truth combine them in a very natural way.

Este artigo pretende discutir a avalição em larga escala, tema atual e polêmico, pois é um procedimento considerado preocupante para educadores e estudiosos da educação brasileira, em todas as suas modalidades, desde a educação básica até ao ensino superior. Abordaremos aqui a avaliação em larga escala já em processo no ensino fundamental, principalmente por tratar-se de fase crucial do ensino, a educação básica. No caso específico deste artigo, discutiremos a Prova Brasil, instrumento da avaliação em larga escala no Ensino Fundamental (...) I. Apresentamos resultados de uma pesquisa realizada junto a professores de uma escola da Rede Municipal do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados mostram a insatisfação dos professores frente à avaliação externa, principalmente focando a perda de autonomia deles próprios no desenvolvimento da Matriz Curricular. Teoricamente os resultados da prova Brasil deveriam dirigir possíveis ações mantendo ou reformulando, seja a Matriz Curricular em si, seja a ação dos professores e gestores escolares, mas não é o que ocorre. A pesquisa na qual nos baseamos mostra que o ápice atingido pela avaliação externa foi moldar a ação dos professores às questões da Prova Brasil. Os autores que nos apoiaram na análise dos dados foram: Saviani ; Sacristán ; Teixeira e Werle. (shrink)

O presente artigo, refletindo sobre relação entre Mistério Pascal de Cristo, Liturgia e vida cotidiana, objetiva apresentar a salvação operada por Cristo na liturgia como uma ação inesgotável e constante que extrapola a história e atinge a existência humana. Através da ação litúrgica, o mistério pascal, centro da liturgia, é atualizado e sua celebração é transformada em momento de salvação, recuperação e engajamento de quem dela participa. Considerando alguns números da Constituição Sacrosanctum Concilium sobre a Sagrada Liturgia, comentados por vários (...) teólogos, notaremos ser impossível, depois da encarnação do Filho, o divórcio entre a liturgia e a vida da humanidade assumida por Deus dentro da história na qual também a salva. (shrink)

Igwebuike is a traditional knowledge system undergirded by the metaphysical assumption that the world is a totality of interconnected and interrelated entities.1–4 African scholars in West Africa often invoke igwebuike to make sense of African ethical, social and political perspectives that are grounded in the theory of Afro-communitarianism. Afro-communitarianism is primarily a socioethical theory that is concerned with the articulation of the moral relationship between the individual and the community. The term igwebuike is derived from the Igbo root words igwe (...) (number), bu (is) and ike (strength). Thus, the term igwebuike translates as ‘number is strength’.3 4 As an ethical theory, igwebuike espouses the ontological relatedness of the variety of entities in the world and the moral relatedness of all humans by virtue of their common possession of life, with the accompanying human capacity for feeling and thinking. Resultantly, it prescribes solidarity, companionship and identification with others as virtues that promote human flourishing. The reverence for life and humanness explicitly forbids actions that diminish this superlative and irreplaceable quality.5 This concept can be helpful in offering a conceptual framework for making healthcare more …. (shrink)

_In this article, I look at the African theory that the formation of personhood is relevant to the morality of war. I start by justifying the project of decolonizing the ethics of war. Then I proceed to clarify that some of the African theories that relate to personhood and war should not be taken at face value, but that the concept of personhood does play a role in the morality of war. I then provide examples of how this concept is (...) relevant for jus ad bellum, jus in bello and jus post bellum._ _Keywords:_ African Ethics; Personhood; Just War Theory; _Jus ad Bellum; Jus in Bello; Jus Post Bellum_. (shrink)

This article aims to review the standard objections to dualism and to argue that will either fail to convince someone committed to dualism or are flawed on independent grounds. I begin by presenting the taxonomy of metaphysical positions on concrete particulars as they relate to the dispute between materialists and dualists, and in particular substance dualism is defined. In the first section, several kinds of substance dualism are distinguished and the relevant varieties of this kind of dualism are selected. The (...) remaining sections are analyses of the standard objections to substance dualism : It is uninformative, has troubles accounting for soul individuation, causal pairing and interaction, violates laws of physics, is made implausible by the development of neuroscience and it postulates entities beyond necessity. I conclude that none of these objections is successful. (shrink)

Philosophy Compass, Volume 17, Issue 8, August 2022.

A partir de 1960 vários países do continente africano proclamaram as suas “independências” política e administrativa do jugo colonial, fruto de conquistas efetivadas por um lado, por meio de negociação pacífica e por outro lado, pela luta armada. E foi por meio desta última que os moçambicanos alcançaram a independência nacional, à 25 de Junho de 1975. Pensadores e teóricos pós-coloniais movidos pela constatação da prevalência das colonialidades de poder vêm questionado as independências. É nesse viés que tecemos esse artigo, (...) com objetivo de suscitar algumas reflexões que promovam e potencializam debates sobre a imposição cultural enraizado no sistema colonial, sustentado pelos discursos preconceituosos eurocentrados que buscavam incutir e enfatizar o mito de complexo de inferioridade atribuído aos homens negros; tanto como impor a homogeneização cultural eurocêntrica. Esses debates são embasados teórica e metodologicamente por viés pós-coloniais e decoloniais. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, dialogamos com Fanon (2020) Cesáire (2020), Azagaia (2013), Ki-Zerbo (2010) Lopes (2010) e; vários autores para discutir as colonialidades que perpassam o tecido social dos moçambicanos. Portanto, das reflexões constata-se que as colonialidades podem ser desestabilizadas por meio de ações efetivas de desaprendizagem e reaprendizagem: desaprender as amaras ideológicas eurocêntricas “romper a dominação mental”, denunciar e insurgir-se contra a subalterinização, alienação cultural e desmascarar os paradigmas, estereótipos, preconceitos eurocêntricos e aprender a reconquistar e revalorizar as identidades socioculturais nativas, aprender a pensar e falar sobre o continente africano com os africanos. (shrink)

Bob Fischer has written a reply to my article ‘Animal Abolitionism and ‘Racism without Racists’’. In this article, Fischer contends that my arguments whereby animal abolitionism engages in acts of racism without racists are mistaken. I wish to reply to Fischer’s objections in this article, through four sets of contentions: Fischer’s arguments reveal some misunderstandings in terms of the concept of racism and, particularly, of ‘racism without racists’; his arguments also underestimate the burdens suffered by individuals who wish to become (...) vegan; Fischer’s views on infantilisation lead to counter-intuitive conclusions; and Fischer’s counter-argument against my neo-colonial critique of abolitionism misunderstands the points made in my previous article. (shrink)

O objetivo desse artigo é explicitar, na medida do possível, as críticas formuladas por Espinosa em relação a Descartes, notadamente em sua doutrina do livre-arbítrio. As críticas são fundamentadas nas proposições 48 e 49 da parte II da Ética, além das objeções que a complementam. Essa análise se deterá especialmente na identificação que Espinosa realiza entre ideia e volição, sendo a ideia concebida como um ato de afirmação ou negação, de modo que a volição é constitutiva da ideia. Com essa (...) análise, tentaremos evidenciar que a identidade entre ideia e volição não elimina o caráter voluntário da ação cognitiva do homem na filosofia espinosana. A crítica de Espinosa em relação ao conceito de vontade, entendida como uma faculdade abstrata, isto é um universal abstrato, visa a romper com a ideia de que a vontade é absolutamente livre. A vontade deixa de ser a faculdade que afirma a liberdade entre contrários e torna-se a afirmação da livre necessidade. É essa concepção de uma faculdade universal e abstrata que acarretará ilusão do livre-arbítrio. (shrink)

No presente artigo, pretendemos discutir algumas possibilidades e limites das categorias de Política, carisma, poder e mídia no conjunto de lógicas interpretativas da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus. As leituras acadêmicas já concluídas sobre desenvolvimento histórico dessa Igreja trabalham com a idéia de que foi o contexto de crise política, social e econômica presente nas décadas de 1970 e 1980 que propiciaram as condições adequadas ao surgimento e expansão da IURD no Brasil. Propomos uma análise que enfatize a importância (...) da mídia, no caso o controle de veículos de comunicação de massa pela direção da Igreja Universal, para a sua expansão ao longo das décadas de 1980 e 1990 no Brasil e no mundo. Procuramos centrar nosso esforço reflexivo na instrumentalização interna e externamente, por parte da liderança dessa Igreja, das categorias de carisma e poder no conjunto de suas práticas religiosas, considerando ainda a proximidade que a mesma mantém em relação à política nacional. (shrink)

This article aims to present the utopia in the aesthetic horizon of Ernst Bloch and T. W Adorno, from the dialectical approach of Principle Hope and Aesthetic Theory. We started from the origin and deployments of the concepts of Pre-appearance and Enigma and their connections to utopia. The pre-appearance notion is closely linked to daydreams which are art modelers. As art modelers, daydreams anticipate a better world which art anticipates by the Pre-appearance of the visible. In Adorno, we start from (...) the relationship between the content of truth and Enigma to find a link between that relationship and the utopia. So, our interpretative hypothesis is that in the aesthetic horizon Bloch and Adorno utopia approaches these two philosophers. (shrink)

Corporations perform actions that can inflict harm with different levels of intensity, from death to material loss, to both companies’ internal and external stakeholders. Research has analysed corporate harm using the notions of corporate social irresponsibility and corporate crime. Critical management studies have been subjecting management and organizational practices and knowledge to critical analysis, and corporate harm has been one of the main concerns of CMS. However, CMS has rarely been deployed to analyse CSIR and corporate crime. Thus, the aim (...) of this paper is to critically analyse the perspectives of CSIR and corporate crimes on corporate harm via CMS in general and postcolonial studies in particular. The paper contributes by arguing that research on CSIR and corporate crime could be perceived as producing research that does not challenge the essence of contemporary corporation profit-seeking activities that ultimately produces corporate harm. We argue that CSIR and corporate crime are ideologies that assist in disguising the contradiction between producing shareholder value and the social good that is at the heart of the modern corporation system and the current economic system. Furthermore, the postcolonial view of CSIR and corporate crime highlights how they are based on a Western-centric view of corporate harm that ignores the realities and perspectives of the Global South, especially in situations where corporate harm leads to death in the Global South. (shrink)

This article examines the recent introduction of forced ultrasound-beforeabortion measures in select U.S. states as an intervention of gendered biopower. These measures are drafted based on model legislation entitled the Woman’s Right to Know Act. Such legislation exploits a discourse of women’s health, but invests in fetal “life” by regulating the behavior of pregnant women so as to promote the carrying of pregnancies to term; the legislation also represents childbirth and motherhood as in the interest of women’s health. Ultimately, I (...) contend that Right to Know measures give the state permission to override the choices, rights, and interests of the population of pregnant women as a whole in an attempt to “protect” and optimize a supposedly vulnerable fetal population. (shrink)

O presente trabalho tem por objeto o retorno a Hegel proposto por Axel Honneth, em O direito da liberdade. Ante as concepções de liberdade negativa e reflexiva - segundo ele, “conceitos de liberdade individual que não levam adequadamente em conta a sua dependência em relação à mediação objetiva” -, Honneth se preocupa em oferecer uma compreensão alternativa, mais larga, de liberdade, que ele nomeia, atribuindo-a diretamente a Hegel, de liberdade social. Tal liberdade, ao contrário da liberdade meramente jurídica ou moral, (...) permitiria que se leve em conta o papel exercido pelas instituições e práticas normativas para a sua realização, reconhecendo-as como sua própria condição. Entretanto, apesar da valorização que é feita assim por Honneth às instituições, o autor é criticado por apresentar uma concepção das mesmas que seria demasiado unilateral. O mesmo ocorre com sua definição de “liberdade social”, a qual remeteria, segundo os críticos, a uma liberdade meramente individual, aquém da significação que lhe seria dada por Hegel. A análise da tese hegeliana acerca de uma eticidade imanente à esfera do mercado e às suas práticas, adotada também por Honneth, nos possibilitará avaliar não só os aspectos que os aproximam ou os separam, mas também a pertinência das críticas dirigidas a Honneth. The aim of the paper is to investigate the return to Hegel proposed by Axel Honneth in his work Freedom’s right. Honneth rejects an approach that conceives of freedom only as negative or reflexive. Hence, he seeks to provide an alternative concept, which he assigns to Hegel using the term “social freedom”. This concept of freedom, in opposite to the merely legal or moral one, should enable the recognition of the role played by the institutions as a condition in the process of its realization. However, despite the importance he gives to the institutions, Honneth is criticized for presenting an apparently too partial comprehension of them. The same happens to his definition of “social freedom”, which, according to the critics, would consist in a merely individualistic conception of freedom, falling short of Hegel’s understanding of this concept. An analysis of Hegel’s thesis about an ethicity that would be immanent to the market sphere, also adopted by Honneth, will allow us to evaluate not just the connecting points or the divergences existing between them, but also the relevance of the criticism directed at Honneth. (shrink)

The aim of this text is to reply to criticisms of the logics of evidence and truth and the epistemic approach to paraconsistency advanced by Barrio [2018], and Lo Guercio and Szmuc [2018]. We also clarify the notion of evidence that underlies the intended interpretation of these logics and is a central point of Barrio’s and Lo Guercio & Szmuc’s criticisms.

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 O que se pretende examinar com este estudo é a relaçáo visivelmente polêmica que Bergson estabelece, desde seus primeiros trabalhos, com a psicologia de seu tempo. Trata-se, mais exatamente, de investigar a denúncia bergsoniana dos problemas metodológicos presentes na pesquisa científica em psicologia, em particular na psicofísica do século XIX. Ao acompanhar a argumentaçáo crítica do autor, espera-se determinar as intenções filosóficas que animaram semelhante polêmica, bem como compreender o valor teórico das formulações (...) de Bergson. (shrink)

Este artigo é uma breve apresentação de “O desenvolvimento do pragmatismo americano”, de John Dewey, cuja tradução é publicada neste presente número de COGNITIO-ESTUDOS. Trata-se de mostrar como Dewey interpreta a história do pragmatismo como corrente filosófica nascida nos EUA, com as idéias de Peirce sobre o método científico e a significação conceitual, passando pela reinterpretação das idéias de Peirce feita por James, que transformou o pragmatismo numa teoria da ação e da verdade. Dewey afirma se filiar a essa corrente (...) numa linha de continuidade, embora não sem algumas diferenças, ao defender que seu instrumentalismo é uma conseqüência da ampliação do pragmatismo operada por James. (shrink)