En el marco de una investigación sobre la formación de la crónica periodístico-literaria, el propósito de este artículo es presentar criterios de clasificación para el relato de viajes, considerando el aporte de reconocidos especialistas y con vistas a determinar la existencia de nueve subgéneros que expresan la dialéctica del relato viajero entre la importancia del “objeto narrado” y la del “yo” que relata su experiencia. Se consideran dos criterios fundamentales para la organización de la propuesta: el carácter del relato y (...) su finalidad. Del cruce de ambas entradas, se produce la propuesta que se ofrece a la discusión académica y su implementación pedagógica. (shrink)

The negative impacts of agriculture on the environment and the inequity that limits access to healthy food for the entire population impede sustainable development. This article reflects contributions to food security and alternatives for transitioning to sustainable food systems. It is concluded that food, as a human right, is a complex and transdisciplinary issue, which must be integrated as a transversal axis in the economic, social, environmental, governance, and cultural dimensions to contribute to sustainable development and therefore the convenience of (...) making the transition from the concept of food security to that of food sustainability. (shrink)

This study presents an analysis of the active relationship between people suffering from schizophrenia and poetic creation, with the aim of questioning the underlying stereotypes between creative activity and schizophrenia. For a long time, artistic production in schizophrenia has been viewed as fragmentary, cryptic and inaccessible. The artistic and creative skills in people suffering from this condition have been seen as processes filtered by the dysfunctional mechanisms of this pathology. Through a study of the work of Javier Fueyo, a Chilean (...) poet who suffers from schizophrenia, we wish to show that his work does not respond to the traditional conceptions and stereotypes, but rather can be seen as a clear model of poetic creativity operated with great rationality, and in no way can be explained as a result of his personal condition, but as a result of his poetic skills instead. (shrink)

The problem of the 3N dimensions of the wave function is of particular interest in the philosophy of physics. In this work, we will recall the main positions about the nature and dimensionality of the wave function and we will introduce a new perspective, coming from quantum chemistry. For this, we will bring to light the formal operations that underlie the independent electron approximation. On this basis, we will point out how quantum chemistry can offer new arguments that contribute to (...) the debate about the ontology of wave function. (shrink)

The problem of the reduction of chemistry to physics has been traditionally addressed in terms of classical structural chemistry and standard quantum mechanics. In this work, we will study the problem from the perspective of the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, proposed by Richard Bader in the nineties. The purpose of this article is to unveil the role of QTAIM in the inter-theoretical relations between chemistry and physics. We argue that, although the QTAIM solves two relevant obstacles to reduction (...) by providing a rigorous definition of chemical bond and of atoms in a molecule, it appeals to concepts that are unacceptable in the quantum–mechanical context. Therefore, the QTAIM fails to provide the desired reduction. On the other hand, we will show that the QTAIM is more similar to Bohmian mechanics and that the basic elements of both theories are closely related. (shrink)

É preciso refletir sobre a formação do professor de Filosofia. É necessário olhar a própria prática dos cursos, o perfil dos alunos que os estão freqüentando, a inserção desses estudantes nas escolas, o tipo de Filosofia que nelas está sendo trabalhada, a receptividade que a Filosofia está tendo, os livros didáticos de Filosofia e o seu uso.

An Aristotelian philosophy of nature offers an alternative to reduction for the conception of the inter-theoretical relationships between molecular chemistry and quantum mechanics. A basic ingredient for such an approach is an ontology of fundamental causal powers, and this work aims to develop such an ontology by drawing on quantum-chemical entities, particularly, the electron density. This notion is central to the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, a theory of molecular structure developed by Richard F. W. Bader, which describes molecules (...) and atoms in terms precisely of the electron density. Then, by identifying a philosophical tension in Bader’s discourse about the nature of electron density, the work will analyze this central notion in terms of the categorical/dispositional distinction regarding properties. The central idea is that electron density can be conceived as categorical and dispositional at once, and this very characterization can avoid Bader’s philosophical tension. (shrink)

Background Providing understandable information to patients is necessary to achieve the aims of the Informed Consent process: respecting and promoting patients’ autonomy and protecting patients from harm. In recent decades, new, primarily digital technologies have been used to apply and test innovative formats of Informed Consent. We conducted a systematic review to explore the impact of using digital tools for Informed Consent in both clinical research and in clinical practice. Understanding, satisfaction and participation were compared for digital tools versus the (...) non-digital Informed Consent process. Methods We searched for studies on available electronic databases, including Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane. Studies were identified using specific Mesh-terms/keywords. We included studies, published from January 2012 to October 2020, that focused on the use of digital Informed Consent tools for clinical research, or clinical procedures. Digital interventions were defined as interventions that used multimedia or audio–video to provide information to patients. We classified the interventions into 3 different categories: video only, non-interactive multimedia, and interactive multimedia. Results Our search yielded 19,579 publications. After title and abstract screening 100 studies were retained for full-text analysis, of which 73 publications were included. Studies examined interactive multimedia, non-interactive multimedia, and videos, and most studies were conducted on adults. Innovations in consent were tested for clinical/surgical procedures and clinical research. For research IC, 21 outcomes were explored, with a positive effect on at least one of the studied outcomes being observed in 8/12 studies. For clinical/surgical procedures 49 outcomes were explored, and 21/26 studies reported a positive effect on at least one of the studied outcomes. Conclusions Digital technologies for informed consent were not found to negatively affect any of the outcomes, and overall, multimedia tools seem desirable. Multimedia tools indicated a higher impact than videos only. Presence of a researcher may potentially enhance efficacy of different outcomes in research IC processes. Studies were heterogeneous in design, making evaluation of impact challenging. Robust study design including standardization is needed to conclusively assess impact. (shrink)

Recent discussions about the microstructure of materials generally focus on the ontological aspects of the molecular structure. However, there are many types of substances that cannot be studied by means of the concept of molecule, for example, salts. For the quantum treatment of these substances, a new particle, called phonon, is introduced. Phonons are generally conceived as a pseudo-particle, that is, a mathematical device necessary to perform calculations but which does not have a "real" existence. In this context, the aim (...) of this paper will be to analyze the ontological status of phonons. For such purposes we will critically analyze the arguments that would account for the presumed nonexistence of phonons. Finally, having already demonstrated that there are not enough reasons to consider phonons as non-existing entities, we will explore some possibilities that allow us to elucidate their ontological status. (shrink)

Recent discussions about the microstructure of materials generally focus on the ontological aspects of the molecular structure. However, there are many types of substances that cannot be studied by means of the concept of molecule, for example, salts. For the quantum treatment of these substances, a new particle, called phonon, is introduced. Phonons are generally conceived as a pseudo-particle, that is, a mathematical device necessary to perform calculations but which does not have a “real” existence. In this context, the aim (...) of this paper will be to analyze the ontological status of phonons. For such purposes we will critically analyze the arguments that would account for the presumed nonexistence of phonons. Finally, having already demonstrated that there are not enough reasons to consider phonons as non-existing entities, we will explore some possibilities that allow us to elucidate their ontological status. (shrink)

En 1933, el escritor mexicano Jaime Torres Bodet publicó en Madrid su novela Estrella de día, en la cual continúa con la tradición narrativa de la Hollywood novel que en España se había manifestado en textos de Ramón Gómez de la Serna, J. Calvo Alfaro o Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, entre otros. A partir del estudio de cómo una actriz se convierte en un ser ideal para el protagonista, se comprueba la manera en la que las estrategias de márquetin favorecen (...) su mitificación. Sin embargo, también existen críticas al control mercantil sobre los cuerpos femeninos. Al estudiar ambos aspectos, se constata la paradoja de que, en la novela de Torres Bodet, el ascenso hacia el estatus de mito de la intérprete desmitifica la industria hollywoodiense por las técnicas de promoción que utiliza. (shrink)

La teoría de la afectividad de Michel Henry, expuesta y desarrollada ya en su primera gran obra “La esencia de la manifestación”, constituye el núcleo fundamental vertebrador de todo su pensamiento fenomenológico posterior. En el presente estudio tratamos de reconstruir e interpretar esa teoría de la afectividad vital originaria con el fin de mostrar hasta qué punto representa uno de los más arriesgados y fecundos intentos (en el marco de la filosofía contemporánea) de reconocer en el origen de toda experiencia (...) posible una “inmediación patética” anterior a nuestra apertura al mundo. Un elemento afectivovital susceptible incluso de presentarse como una reformulación del cogito cartesianoen clave fenomenológica. (shrink)

This article is a response to Josh Reeves's recent book Against Methodology in Science and Religion: Recent Debates on Rationality and Theology that welcomes Reeves's proposal for an anti‐essentialist future for the field of science‐and‐religion, particularly because it has the potential to move the field beyond current, well‐worn methods: the dominance of Christian theology and doctrine, the importance of credibility strategies, and the dependence upon philosophical discourses. Reeves’ proposal has the potential to open the science‐and‐religion field to other topics, problems, (...) and methods, such as studying lived science‐and‐religion. One way of doing this is to study popular culture and its artifacts such as literature, which portrays a co‐mingling of religion and science at the level of day‐to‐day experiences and practices of characters. For at the level of lived experience, religion and science are not well‐defined disciplines neatly compartmentalized into separate academic departments. (shrink)

Karl Marx (1818-1883) was trained as a philosopher and steeped in the thought of Hegel and German idealism, but turned away from philosophy in his mid-twenties towards politics, economics and history. It is for his these subjects Marx is best known and in which his work and ideas shaped the very nature of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. However, Marx's engagement with philosophy runs through most of his work, especially in his philosophy of history and in moral and political philosophy. (...) In this outstanding introduction to Marx's philosophy Jaime Edwards and Brian Leiter begin with an overview of Marx's life and intellectual development, before examining and assessing the following important topics: Marx's theory of history: Hegel, dialectics, teleology, materialism functionalism and the causal explanation of historical change economics, history and the transition from communism to capitalism ideology, morality and religion human nature, alienation and the good life for human beings Marx's legacy and influence, including Western Marxism and the Frankfurt School. The addition of chapter summaries, annotated further reading and a glossary of technical terms make this an indispensable introduction to Marx's philosophy. It will also be useful to those in related disciplines such as politics, sociology, history and economics. (shrink)

POLITICS is a system of computer programs which simulates humans in comprehending and responding to world events from a given political or ideological perspective. The primary theoretical motivations were: (1) the implemention of a functional system which applies the knowledge structures of Schank and Abelson (1977) to the domain of simulating political belief systems; (2) the development of a tentative theory of intentional goal conflicts and counterplanning. Secondary goals of the POLITICS project include developing a representation for belief systems, investigating (...) cognitive processes such as goal‐directed inferencing, and the integration of several types of knowledge representations into a functional system. (shrink)

Volume 20, Issue 9, September 2020, Page W1-W4.

La consideración de la verdad como objeto de la búsqueda científica y vital es posiblemente la manera más adecuada para comprender la tradición pragmatista. Frente al diagnóstico postmoderno de Rorty que aboga por la disolución de la filosofía en la literatura, en la conversación general de la humanidad y frente al fundacionalismo cientista de los herederos del Círculo de Viena en este trabajo se defiende un camino intermedio, con pretensiones más modestas, pero que por estar anclado en la experiencia personal (...) de cada uno y en la experiencia colectiva de la especie humana, afronta mejor el reto de dar razón del progreso histórico de la verdad, el reto de comprender el sentido del crecimiento de los saberes y el proceso de generación de nuevos conocimientos. Se trata de la tradición pragmatista que hunde sus raíces en el pensamiento de Charles S. Peirce, cobra vigor en nuestro siglo con las reflexiones de Ludwig Wittgenstein y adquiere su mayor desarrollo en autores contemporáneos como Hilary Putnam y Susan Haack.The consideration of the truth as object of the scientific and vital search is possibly the most adequate way to understand the pragmatist tradition. As opposed to the Rorty's postmodern diagnosis that pleads for the dissolution of the philosophy in the literature or in the general conversation of the humanity; as opposed to the scientist foundation of the inheritors of the Circle of Vienna, in this work an intermediate way with more modest pretensions is presented. Being anchored in the personal experience and in the collective experience of the human, it faced better the challenge of giving reason to the historical progress of the truth and the challenge of understanding the sense of the growth and the generation process of new knowledge. The pragmatist tradition which sinks its roots in Charles's S. Peirce's thought, increases vigor in our century with Ludwig Wittgenstein's reflections and acquires its major development in contemporary authors such as Hilary Putnam and Susan Haack. (shrink)

En su investigación general acerca de la naturaleza del hombre, Tomás de Aquino se acercó al terreno de las pasiones, legándonos un studio extraordinario que lleva por título Tratado de las pasiones. El objetivo del artículo es, a partir de la concepción tomista, comprobar cómo dichas pasiones son trasladadas al contexto político y social y cómo la literatura se convierte en vehículo fundamental de esta representación.PALABRAS CLAVE: Tomás de Aquino, pasiones políticas, literatura medieval castellana.In his general research on human nature, (...) Thomas Aquinas approached the field of passions, giving us an extraordinary study whose title is On the passions. The objetive of this article is, from the thomist conception, to prove how these passions are moved to the political and social context and how literature becomes a fundamental vehicle to this representation.KEYWORDS: Thomas Aquinas, political passions, Medieval Castilian literature. (shrink)

El presente trabajo se centra en una interpretación de la metafísica de Spinoza como ontoteología propulsada por la tácita voluntad de lograr la felicidad del sujeto individual. Siguiendo la línea hermenéutica apuntada por Michel Henry en su primer estudio académico, tratamos de conducir la interpretación de la ontoteología spinoziana hasta una perspectiva en la cual el fin último de la afirmación del Absoluto es el deseo de garantizar la segura residencia del hombre en la totalidad del mundo objetivamente dado: la (...) reconciliación entre la subjetividad finita y el cosmos. (shrink)

El presente trabajo es un intento de aproximación crítica –desde la propialógica del sistema– a la supuesta visión teleológica presente en la concepción hegeliana de la ética. En primer lugar, analizaremos este componente teleológicoy mostraremos cómo la imposibilidad de una realización fáctica en la propia dimensión del espíritu objetivo de este supuesto telos conlleva a una redefinición total del recorrido del mismo. En segundo lugar, en tanto la nueva figura aparece carente de dirección y reclama, a lo sumo, su consumación (...) en una dimensión distinta a la fáctica, se hace necesario introducir algún elemento que nos permita sostener el recorrido del espíritu objetivo; es en este punto que arribamos a la noción lacaniana de “sentido”, la cual estudiaremos tanto en su significación original (es decir, entendiendo “sentido” como despliegue masivo de significantes cuyo único orden es una dirección) como en su particularización mediante la figura del “sentido ético”. La parte final de nuestro trabajo estará dedicada a examinar las consecuencias que tiene nuestro intento de síntesis para una real comprensión del fenómeno ético. (shrink)

La presente ponencia analiza las relaciones de opresión, en los términos de I. M. YOUNG, que se generan a partir de las principales disposiciones del Sistema de Pensiones chileno establecido por el Decreto Ley 3.500, de 1980 y la Ley Nº 20.255, de 2008, el cual al basarse en estereotipos de género, produce graves consecuencias para las mujeres en materia de pensiones al no abordar las estructuras que asignan a las mujeres determinadas tareas en la sociedad, repercute en el monto (...) de sus pensiones y las somete a condiciones de mayor vulnerabilidad en relación con los hombres. (shrink)

Conversación entre Alberto Ciria, ganador del premio anual 2015 a la promoción de la filosofía y la cultura en Málaga que entrega FICUM, y Alejandro Rojas (presidente de FICUM) en torno a la pregunta ¿qué es para ti la filosofía?