The current techno-scientific revolution has transformed the concepts of person and human being. Techno-scientific developments raise questions about our very own humanity and bring again the Übermensch, about whom Nietzsche once spoke, for discussion. Technology has increased the desire to modify our human condition, aiming for the perfection of the physical, intellectual and psychological abilities. Different sciences and disciplines have had the necessity to adapt themselves to these techno-scientific transformations. Psychology has not been the exception and, because of that, a (...) new paradigm of approaching the human mind has been recently established. Concepts such as cybertherapy, virtual reality therapy to treat patients with phobias, and the use of Artificial Intelligence have revolutionized Psychology. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to establish whether the use of Artificial Intelligence in Psychotherapy actually contributes to the improvement of human beings by making possible progress within the field of Mental Health Care or, on the contrary, it poses a risk to humanity, which might face the possibility of replacing human therapists with intelligent machines. (shrink)

Background Biomedical and ethnographic studies among indigenous people are common practice in health and geographical research. Prior health research misconduct has been documented, particularly when obtaining genetic material. The objective of this study was to crossmatch previously published data with the perceptions of the Waorani peoples about the trading of their genetic material and other biological samples. Methods We conducted a mixed methods study design using a tailored 15-item questionnaire in 72 participants and in-depth interviews in 55 participants belonging to (...) 20 Waorani communities about their experiences and perceptions of participating in biomedical research projects. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review of the literature in order to crossmatch the published results of studies stating the approval of an ethics committee and individual consent within their work. Results A total of 40 men and 32 women, with a mean age of 57 ± 15 years agreed to be interviewed for inclusion. Five main categories around the violation of good clinical practices were identified, concerning the obtention of blood samples from a recently contacted Waorani native community within the Amazonian region of Ecuador. These themes are related to the lack of adequate communication between community members and researchers as well as the voluntariness to participate in health research. Additionally, over 40 years, a total of 38 manuscripts related to the use of biological samples in Waorani indigenous people were published. The majority of the studies did not state within their article obtaining research ethics board approval, and 71% did not report obtaining the informed consent of the participants prior to the execution of the project. Conclusion Clinical Research on the Waorani community in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin has been performed on several occasions. Unfortunately, the majority of these projects did not follow the appropriate ethical and professional standards in either reporting the results or fulfilling them. The results of our investigation suggest that biological material, including genetic material, has been used by researchers globally, with some omitting the minimum information required to guarantee transparency and good clinical practices. We highlight the importance of stating ethics within research to avoid breaches in research transparency. (shrink)

We affirm the utility of integrative modeling, according to which it is advantageous to move beyond “one-at-a-time binary paradigms” through studies that position themselves within realistic multidimensional design spaces. We extend the integrative modeling approach to a target domain with which we are familiar, the consequences of bilingualism on mind and brain, often referred to as the “bilingual advantage.” In doing so, we highlight work from our group consistent with integrative modeling.

A large part of technological advances, especially in the field of industry, have been focused on the optimization of productive processes. However, the detection of anomalies has turned out to be a great challenge in fields like industry, medicine or stock markets. The present work addresses anomaly detection on a control level plant. We propose the application of different intelligent techniques, which allow to obtain one-class classifiers using real data taken from the correct plant operation. The performance of each classifier (...) is assessed and validated with real created faults, achieving successful overall results. (shrink)

Nowadays, the quality standards of higher education institutions pay special attention to the performance and evaluation of the students. Then, having a complete academic record of each student, such as number of attempts, average grade and so on, plays a key role. In this context, the existence of missing data, which can happen for different reasons, leads to affect adversely interesting future analysis. Therefore, the use of imputation techniques is presented as a helpful tool to estimate the value of missing (...) data. This work deals with the academic records of engineering students, in which imputation techniques are applied. More specifically, it is assessed and compared to the performance of the multivariate imputation by chained equations methodology, the adaptive assignation algorithm based on multivariate adaptive regression splines and a hybridization based on self-organisation maps with Mahalanobis distances and AAA algorithm. The results show that proposed methods obtain successfully results regardless the number of missing values, in general terms. (shrink)

Starting from the observation that there is a gap between knowledge of the environmental sciences and practical engagement, for example, in climate change or biodiversity loss, this article explores one possible explanation for this situation—namely, the process of objectification inherent in science. It then proposes to remedy the situation by defending the idea of a ‘first-person ecology’. This term refers to a field of research and practice that looks at the relationship between humans and nature from the point of view (...) of the embodied and situated nature of lived experience. The lived experience of nature at the heart of a first-person ecology is first studied from an epistemic perspective using the concept of recognition, inspired by the Frankfurt School philosopher and sociologist Axel Honneth. It is then approached from a phenomenological perspective, using the emerging field of ecospirituality to describe the characteristics of this experience. (shrink)

Husserl left many unpublished drafts explaining (or trying to) his views on spatial representation and geometry, such as, particularly, those collected in the second part of Studien zur Arithmetik und Geometrie (Hua XXI), but no completely articulate work on the subject. In this paper, I put forward an interpretation of what those views might have been. Husserl, I claim, distinguished among different conceptions of space, the space of perception (constituted from sensorial data by intentionally motivated psychic functions), that of physical (...) geometry (or idealized perceptual space), the space of the mathematical science of physical nature (in which science, not only raw perception has a word) and the abstract spaces of mathematics (free creations of the mathematical mind), each of them with its peculiar geometrical structure. Perceptual space is proto-Euclidean and the space of physical geometry Euclidean, but mathematical physics, Husserl allowed, may find it convenient to represent physical space with a non-Euclidean structure. Mathematical spaces, on their turn, can be endowed, he thinks, with any geometry mathematicians may find interesting. Many other related questions are addressed here, in particular those concerning the a priori or a posteriori character of the many geometric features of perceptual space (bearing in mind that there are at least two different notions of a priori in Husserl, which we may call the conceptual and the transcendental a priori). I conclude with an overview of Weyl’s ideas on the matter, since his philosophical conceptions are often traceable back to his former master, Husserl. (shrink)

The use of batteries became essential in our daily life in electronic devices, electric vehicles and energy storage systems in general terms. As they play a key role in many devices, their design and implementation must follow a thorough test process to check their features at different operating points. In this circumstance, the appearance of any kind of deviation from the expected operation must be detected. This research deals with real data registered during the testing phase of a lithium iron (...) phosphate—LiFePO4—battery. The process is divided into four different working points, alternating charging, discharging and resting periods. This work proposes a hybrid classifier, based on one-class techniques, whose aim is to detect anomalous situations during the battery test. The faults are created by modifying the measured cell temperature a slight ratio from their real value. A detailed analysis of each technique performance is presented. The average performance of the chosen classifier presents successful results. (shrink)

La obra del poeta Alberto Caeiro, “maestro” heterónimo de Fernando Pessoa, es una filosofía sin filosofía que pone en tela de juicio la tradición cultural que “viste” el pensamiento: filosofía, oesía, mística, religión. Lo hace ejerciendo un retorno a la Naturaleza en el que se implican la ausencia de significación, de conceptos, de estructuras de conocimiento y de prejuicios que tergiversan la mirada de las cosas, la vivencia de la Naturaleza y la sensación de la Realidad. Por tratarse de un (...) desaprendizaje, Caeiro torna a lo simple, a lo tautológico, al no-pensamiento, casi a la ausencia de la palabra. (shrink)

The concept of “abused collective memory” gathers two of Ricœur’s main lines of concern: history and psychoanalysis. The article aims to explain how this convergence was possible, especially, when the transposition of the Freudian metapsychology from the individual to the collective level was hindered by the Ricœurian emphasis on the Freudian libidinal economy. Our hypothesis is that this convergence required two intermediate steps. The first one gathered psychoanalysis and history within the larger framework of otherness as flesh. The second step (...) was a transcendental turn, which would lead Ricœur to inquire about the structures of collective existence that make it possible to apply psychoanalytic categories at that level, rather than considering how this transposition can be done. By taking this turn Ricœur found that a phenomenology of the capable human being was the condition of possibility of a temporal ontology, and then, could describe this ontology as the condition of possibility of his phenomenology. (shrink)

In his recent article, ‘A Gift to Theology? Jean-Luc Marion's ‘Saturated Phenomena’ in Christological Perspective’, Brian Robinette has critiqued Marion's phenomenology for confining theology to a one-sided approach to Christology, one that stresses only the passive, mystical reception of Christ. To correct this imbalance, Robinette brings Marion into dialogue with those more active Christologies or ‘prophetical-ethical’ liberation theologies of Gustavo Gutierrez, Johann Baptist Metz and others that stress a life-praxis focused on confronting evil and suffering. In this essay I am (...) arguing that Robinette has not fully developed the ‘logic’ of Marion's phenomenology of the ‘call and the gifted’, in which both a passive and an active element are operative. I explore more fully that very dynamic phenomenological process of the call-and-the-gifted as developed in Marion's work Being Given: Toward a Phenomenology of Givenness. Once viewed in Christological perspective, and especially in light of Christ's death and resurrection, Marion's phenomenology entails an ethical trope consistent with the mission of Christ as rendered in Scriptural revelation, and thus the gap between Marion's work and the prophetical-ethical theologies of Gutierrez and Baptist Metz becomes narrowed. (shrink)

Los cuidados paliativos perinatales surgieron como una medida esencial para abordar integralmente el tratamiento de pacientes neonatales con diagnósticos prenatales o perinatales de enfermedades graves que puedan poner en riesgo su vida. Estos cuidados están dirigidos a recién nacidos que padecen condiciones que les impiden sobrevivir más allá de unos pocos minutos u horas, o en casos en los que naces sin vida. Los mismos, no se centran solo en el paciente neonatal, sino también en apoyar a la madre y (...) a los familiares cercanos. El objetivo primordial es preservar la dignidad de los recién nacidos y proporcionarles el mayor confort posible durante su transición hacia el final de la vida. (shrink)

La fenomenología crítica se presenta como una diversificación temática, una redefinición de los objetivos y una revisión del método de la fenomenología clásica. Este trabajo se enfoca en el tercero de estos aspectos para mostrar de qué modo la reformulación merleau-pontiana del método fenomenológico (a partir de su énfasis en el carácter corporal y relacional del yo) abrió la posibilidad de integrar dos perspectivas usualmente consideradas incompatibles, y en cuya intersección se sitúan precisamente los estudios fenomenológico-críticos. Estas dos perspectivas conciernen, (...) por un lado, a la reflexión fenomenológica con su foco en la experiencia vivida en primera persona, y por otro a investigaciones de las ciencias humanas o estudios constructivistas, genealógicos o críticos que subrayan la constitución social, histórica y política de la identidad y la experiencia. Si la fenomenología crítica enfatiza la necesidad de una rectificación o ampliación crítica del método de la fenomenología clásica, nos preguntamos si los análisis de las condiciones sociales de la constitución de la experiencia no necesitan recurrir a alguna modalidad de descripción fenomenológica precisamente para ser críticos. (shrink)

Women in Classical Video Games, coordonné par Kate Cook et Jane Draycott, est un ouvrage qui se trouve au croisement des études classiques, des études des jeux vidéo et des études de genre. En effet, l’ouvrage est issu de l’engouement certain du jeu vidéo pour l’exploration de mondes antiques ainsi que de leurs mythologies. Les coordinatrices ont réuni un ensemble de spécialistes issus de diverses disciplines consacrées à l’étude de l’Antiquité. Les auteurs et autrices posent l’hypothèse que,...

La pregunta que exploro en este trabajo es si la injusticia social puede socavar la autoridad moral de la sociedad para castigar al que delinque. La respuesta a esta pregunta depende esencialmente de cuál sea la teoría justificatoria del castigo penal de la que se parte. Analizo diversas teorías de la pena, entre ellas la teoría consensual de Carlos Nino. Mi objetivo es explorar de qué modo las diferentes teorías de la pena enfrentan el desafío que plantea la pregunta y (...) extraer algunas conclusiones tentativas de ese recorrido. The question I address in this paper is whether social injustice can undermine the moral authority of society to punish criminals. The answer to this question crucially depends on the underlying justificatory theory of punishment. I consider several theories, among them the consensual theory proposed by Carlos Nino. My aim is to explore how different theories of punishment address the challenge and to draw some tentative conclusions. (shrink)

En este documento presentamos el resultado de una investigación documental que permitió la contextualización cognitiva de la interactividad soportada en la teoría de la actividad como una perspectiva holística de la actividad humana.Contextualizar cognitivamente la interactividad busca brindar fundamentos de diseño de Objetos Interventivos de Aprendizaje-OIA- desde los procesos cognitivos de la taxonomía de Marzano y Kendall, analizando las estructuras categoriales de un diseño interactivo y los componentes que intervienen en los procesos mentales que generan aprendizaje durante la interactividad: la (...) activación de la memoria y la transformación de la información captada durante el proceso interventivo durante la interactividad. (shrink)

La irrupción de la utilización generalizada de inteligencia artificial en el ámbito de la comunicación y en concreto en el periodismo muestra un resultado claroscuro que cabe analizar desde una perspectiva crítica. Este artículo aborda desde un perspectiva crítica la revolución que la presencia creciente de la inteligencia artificial está provocando tanto los métodos como en los resultados periodísticos, afectando a sus garantías de calidad y excelencia. El texto sostiene que es necesario acercarse críticamente al impacto actual, así como al (...) potencial, que este presenta para los profesionales, las organizaciones y la sociedad, y propone hacerlo desde el método hermenéutico-crítico de las éticas aplicadas. El estudio se estructura en dos partes. Una primera que realiza una aproximación a la irrupción de la inteligencia artificial en la práctica del periodismo, explicitando las recomendaciones que desde diferentes instancias se ofrecen para orientar esta incorporación de la inteligencia artificial en la práctica comunicativa, concretamente en la periodística. Una segunda parte que identifica los principales riesgos éticos, recomendaciones y principios éticos para afrontarlos desde la autorregulación ética. (shrink)

According to Husserl, the mathematization of the lifeworld involves reducing it, as object of knowledge, to what is measurable, as well as excluding other forms of knowledge of it. This has important implications in relation to the modern conception of rationality, and, significantly, of practical rationality. More precisely, it issues in an impoverishment of the notion of reason. This article examines the idea that the process of commodification associated with the consolidation and expansion of capitalism has motivated another aspect of (...) the mathematization of nature to which Husserl alludes: the mathematization of value. Born from capitalist economy and from practical attitudes, this mathematization of value is a tendency to reduce all value to use value. In such context, this article offers a phenomenological reflection on the crisis of modern rationality, especially in relation to the difficulty to undertake collective actions that follow logics that are different from that of the accumulation of capital, based on the examination of this other aspect of the mathematization of the lifeworld. (shrink)

El presente artículo correlaciona el temple de ánimo utilizado por Heidegger en su análisis ontológico en Ser y tiempo y en el curso sobre Los conceptos fundamentales de la metafísica y la caracterización de la temporariedad que surge de él. Nuestra hipótesis es que la diferencia de su caracterización se debe fundamentalmente a la desaparición en el curso de 1929-30 del comprender y del aislamiento al que conducía la angustia. Aunque el planteo temporal de este curso quede trunco, el contraste (...) con Ser y tiempo aporta elementos de valor para desentrañar la lógica interna de esta obra, así como también para poner de manifiesto de qué modo la caracterización que la analítica existencial hace del Dasein, incide en la caracterización del tiempo. (shrink)

Varios intérpretes han reconocido la importancia de la imaginación productiva en la obra de Ricœur, aunque la mayoría de ellos ha dedicado sus investigaciones a las obras del filósofo francés de las décadas de los setenta y ochenta. En lo que sigue quisiera sostener que la imaginación también tiene un papel central en La memoria, la historia, el olvido. Mi hipótesis es que esta facultad articula los distintos momentos de esta obra, fundamentalmente los relacionados con la fenomenología de la memoria (...) y la epistemología de la historia. Asimismo quisiera relativizar parcialmente la tesis de que a partir de Tiempo y narración Ricœur enfatiza el carácter sintético de la imaginación, y así mostraré que en la obra que abordo hay una fuerte presencia de la función libre. Several interpreters have recognized the importance of productive imagination in Ricœur's work, but most of them have focused their research on his works of the 1970s and 1980s. I want to argue that imagination has also a central role in Memory, History, Forgetting. My hypothesis is that this notion articulates the different moments of the work, mainly those related to phenomenology of memory and epistemology of history. I also wish to relativize the argument that after Time and Narrative Ricœur emphasized synthetic imagination, by showing the presence of free imagination in Memory, History, Forgetting. (shrink)

Filósofos, especialmente aqueles que se autodenominam como naturalistas, parecem cada vez mais interessados em realizar pesquisas empíricas. Um caso típico é o da Filosofia Experimental, um campo emergente que faz uso de dados empíricos colhido por meio de inquéritos seguindo os mesmos métodos empregados nas ciências empíricas, nomeadamente na psicologia, a fim de apresentar provas em pesquisas ou argumentos filosóficos. Outro exemplo é oferecido pela participação ativa dos filósofos em grupos de pesquisa interdisciplinares nas neurociências. No entanto, os filósofos não (...) são especialistas em metodologia de pesquisa empírica. Isso é transparente nos estudos mais representativos em filosofia experimental. Neste artigo, faremos algumas observações de advertência sobre as complexidades da metodologia das ciências empíricas. A recomendação final é de que é sábia a atitude de envolver-se em grupos de pesquisa interdisciplinares, buscando dominar as peculiaridades dos mais diversos delineamentos de pesquisa empírica nas diferentes áreas da ciência. (shrink)

The main concern of this paper is the justification of the axioms of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory, either as true statements about a concept of set or, alternatively, as true statements about abstract objects . I want to argue here that, in either case, set theory can be seen as a body of knowledge largely built on intuitive foundations . I call this inquiry “phenomenological” for it approaches its subject from the perspective of the intentional acts that originate sets as doubly (...) dependent objects . Such an inquiry, I believe, brings to light the essential characters of sets as objects or, alternatively, the concept of set, which the axioms of the theory express. (shrink)

In his book Chateaubriand points out some differences between the mathematical and the formal notions of proof. I argue here that the contrast between both cannot be exaggerated, and that the latter fails to represent essential aspects of the former. I also sketch a view of the nature of mathematics that can accommodate one particular feature of mathematical proofs the formal notion, by its very nature, cannot: their freedom.Em seu livro, Chateaubriand aponta algumas diferenças entre a noção formal e a (...) noção matemática de demonstração. Eu argumento que o contraste entre ambas não pode ser maior, e que aquela é incapaz de capturar alguns aspectos essenciais desta. Eu apresento também um esboço de uma teoria sobre a natureza da matemática capaz de acomodar um aspecto particular das demonstrações matemáticas que a noção formal, pela sua própria natureza, não pode: a liberdade que por direto cabe àquelas. (shrink)

I present here my criticism of Chateaubriand’s account of propositions as having an identifying character with respect to reality. I claim that propositions are better understood as pictures of possible states-of-affairs, and that this account is more natural considering the acts of judgment that are at the origin of propositions. I also present a possible way of understanding the notion of a possible state-of-affairs that takes care of the seemingly absurd case of necessarily false, but meaningful propositions.

In this paper I argue for the view that structuralism offers the best perspective for an acceptable account of the applicability of mathematics in the empirical sciences. Structuralism, as I understand it, is the view that mathematics is not the science of a particular type of objects, but of structural properties of arbitrary domains of entities, regardless of whether they are actually existing, merely presupposed or only intentionally intended.

El objeto de este trabajo es realizar un estudio iusfilosófico sobre la aparición de las Leyes (nómoi) personificadas de Atenas en el Critón de Platón. La prosopopeya de las Leyes resulta ser un aspecto central para poder comprender la obra, ya que éstas entablan un diálogo imaginario con Sócrates en el cual instalan diversos argumentos filosóficos para fundamentar la autoridad de la pólis. A los fines de identificar el valor argumentativo de este recurso en la obra, analizaré el significado del (...) nómos en la Atenas del siglo V a. C. y la naturaleza de las Leyes en el contexto general del diálogo. Se busca demostrar la importancia que tienen aquéllas para explicar la decisión de Sócrates de beber la cicuta. (shrink)

El objetivo de este escrito es presentar, a partir de la doctrina del término medio expuesta por Aristóteles en su Ética Nicomáquea, una réplica al artículo de Fabio Morales. Así, se revisará la idea de Morales, según la cual parece haber un círculo vicioso en la explicación de las acciones voluntarias, con lo cual la libertad de dichas acciones quedaría comprometida. A esto se contrapondrá la exposición de la doctrina mencionada, así como el papel que la deliberación y la elección (...) juegan en ella; a partir de lo cual se concluye que, a pesar de que es posible compartir ciertas ideas de Morales, el círculo que él postula en realidad no es tal y, aunque sea posible decir que Aristóteles no se ocupó a profundidad del tema de la libertad, ésta parece estar salvaguardada en su teoría. (shrink)

El presente trabajo, en diálogo con la reflexión de Jean Baudrillard, intenta reconsiderar ontológicamente el no ser para que la oquedad del simulacro no se autoproclame más real que lo real debido a que, como la nada ha sido expropiada y vaciada, el intercambio del mundo y de la vida con ella es imposible. Solo un pensamiento trágico, animado por la agónica energía de su contradicción, puede volver a replantear la reversibilidad de la vida y la muerte.