Full-Blooded religion is not acceptable in mainstream bioethics. This article excavates the cultural history that led to the suppression of religion in bioethics. Bioethicists typically fall into one of the following camps. 1) The irreligious, who advocate for suppressing religion, as do Timothy F. Murphy, Sam Harris, and Richard Dawkins. This irreligious camp assumes American Fundamentalist Protestantism is the real substance of all religions. 2) Religious bioethicists, who defend religion by emphasizing its functions and diminishing its metaphysical commitments. Religious defenders (...) empty religion of its theology to present its feel-good functions in a way that is acceptable to the irreligious. However, religion reduced to its functions dissolves into a counter-culture that may counteract materialism but lacks the power to motivate much more. This article criticizes both camps, as both presume Enlightenment myths and consequently neuter religion. Both irreligious and religious bioethicists commonly presume Enlightenment myths about secularity and religion. Secularity is presumed neutral and rational. Religion is presumed divisive and irrational. This myth provides built-in value-judgements; we have already judged secularity as good and religion as bad. Much of the debate over religion in bioethics is arguing over false stereotypes of religion. Consequently, mainstream bioethics neuters religion, while the irreligious are gifted political power to define the field. (shrink)

This article takes Catherine Malabou’s provocative insistence on an alliance between plasticity and feminism to initiate an exploration of gestation and its representation in the context of the postgenomic age. I argue that Malabou’s attention to epigenetic schemas of life and becoming can inform and, in turn, be enriched by feminist film-philosophy which locates the maternal as an alternative schema of embodied subjectivity – simultaneously displacing essentialising over-reliance on gender/sex binaries without entirely metaphorising or abstracting the material processes which subtend (...) bodies and their openness to difference. Drawing on recent feminist scholarship, including Ann Carruthers’s Fertile Visions and Sophie Lewis’s Full Surrogacy Now, I turn to Lucile Hadžihalilović’s Evolution (2015) in order to approach gestational bodies as a central site for both the violent subjugation of embodied life and a feminist ethics and aesthetics of affective relationality. Part science-fiction, fairy-tale and body horror, Hadžihalilović’s film responds to contemporary bio-genetic innovations: Malabou’s elaboration of the “phylogenetic remains” and “cellular potentials” that epigenetic plasticity reactivates guides my reading of its seething maternal waters, multiply directed gestational bodies and various forms of plastic co-becoming. As well as being exemplary of new epigenetic imaginaries, Hadžihalilović’s complex foetal/fertile visions illuminate how feminist-philosophical-artistic practices may elaborate an epigenet(h)ics of life – informed by past forms, present configurations, and open to future bio-possibilities. (shrink)

The Routledge Handbook of Science and Empire introduces readers to important new research in the field of science and empire. This compilation of inquiry into the inextricably intertwined history of science and empire reframes the field, showing that one could not have grown without the other. The volume expands the history of science through careful attention to connections, exchanges, and networks beyond the scientific institutions of Europe and the United States. These 27 original essays by established scholars and new talent (...) examine: scientific and imperial disciplines, networks of science, scientific practice within empires, and decolonised science. The chapters cover a wide range of disciplines, from anthropology and psychiatry to biology and geology. There is global coverage, with essays about China, Southeast Asia, the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand, India, the Middle East, Russia, the Arctic, and North and South America. Specialised essays cover Jesuit science, natural history collecting, energy systems, and science in UNESCO. With authoritative chapters by leading scholars, this is a guiding resource for all scholars of empire and science. Free of jargon and with clearly written essays, the handbook is a valuable path to further inquiry for any student of the history of science and empire. (shrink)

A temática do estudo é o ensino de sociologia no ensino médio direcionado aos jovens do campo. Tem-se o seguinte problema de pesquisa: A práxis pedagógica do ensino de sociologia está embasada no modo de vida dos jovens rurais e dos jovens rurais assentados, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento humano (capacitações)? Para responder a esta questão foram pesquisadas três escolas no município de Abelardo Luz, Santa Catarina, uma escola em área urbana e duas escolas no assentamento do MST. O estudo teve (...) abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, juntamente com o método das representações sociais. Conclui-se que os jovens ainda não conseguem transpor a fronteira entre conhecimento de senso comum e conhecimento científico, mesmo que em nível de ensino médio. Compreende-se que, para que o ensino de sociologia contribua ao desenvolvimento rural, além dos pontos sobre formação docente, currículo, participação, acessos e recursos voltados a educação e demais serviços, a práxis pedagógica em sociologia necessita ser resultante da utilização da teoria para analisar a própria prática docente, ou seja, pesquisar o próprio ensino de sociologia e as características dos sujeitos que fazem parte da mediação pedagógica, sem estereotipar seu modo de vida e potencializando o engajamento. (shrink)

Este artigo é um recorte de pesquisa realizada na Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, tendo como objetivo articular as propostas de políticas públicas de educação e trabalho para juventude. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, fundamentada no método do materialismo histórico dialético. Para fundamentarmos nossa proposta, dividimos este texto em quatro momentos. Inicialmente analisamos a construção histórica do conceito de juventude e sua representação no contexto social; posteriormente, foram levantados dados estatísticos das condições sociais, emprego, renda e escolarização em que estes jovens (...) se encontram. Seguimos, discorrendo sobre o perfil pretendido do jovem trabalhador, nas matrizes do capitalismo, atrelados aos propósitos da educação e finalizamos com discussões pertinentes as políticas educacionais para juventude e suas determinações por meio dos organismos multilaterais. A maioria das políticas de educação e trabalho possui caráter neoliberal, adotando um enfoque estratégico de ações para juventude pobre e vulnerável em favor de desenvolvimento econômico. . (shrink)

Resumo: A proposta desse trabalho é repensar a linguagem, tema central da filosofia contemporânea, não mais como um instrumento do qual o sujeito se apropria e desapropria de acordo com a própria vontade, mas, juntamente com Heidegger, como a própria casa do ser. A função de comunicação é apenas uma das múltiplas possibilidades da linguagem. Com Heidegger é desenvolvida a questão de como a fenomenologia transforma-se em hermenêutica e de como a autocompreensão surge paralela a toda compreensão. A filosofia autêntica (...) é aquela na qual, ao questionar-se sobre algo, o sujeito é inserido na própria questão. A compreensão nunca é impessoal, pois a aletheia perpassa o sujeito que, ao compreender algo, está compreendendo a si mesmo. Palavras-chave: Filosofia. Martin Heidegger. Linguagem. Lógica. Verdade. Metafísica.: The purpose of this paper is to rethink the language, the central theme of contemporary philosophy, not as an instrument to which the subject is appropriate and unappropriate according to their will, but, along with Heidegger, as the house of being. The function of communication is only one of the many possibilities of language. With Heidegger is developed the question of how phenomenology turns to hermeneutics and how the selfunderstanding is parallel to all understanding. The authentic philosophy is that in which is questioned about something and the subject is inserted in the issue. The understanding is never impersonal, therefore Aletheia permeates the subject that by understanding something is to understand yourself. Keywords: Philosophy. Martin Heidegger. Language. Logic. Thuth. Metaphysics. (shrink)

Marcella Althaus-Reid proposes the Bi/christ in her sexual reconstruction of theology. Goss examines three representational strategies of the obscene Christ to test the inclusiveness of her model. He applies Judith Butler's notion of gender performativity to the pop star Madonna to suggest an accessorizing of Althaus-Reid's model of the Bi/christ to the Bi/transvestite Christ.

Examina-se a função da dialética, da indução e da inteligência intuitiva na aquisição dos primeiros princípios em Aristóteles, enfatizando a análise de Segundos Analíticos I 18, II 19 e Tópicos I 2. Afirma-se que o processo de aquisição requer a indução, que leva a perceber o universal nos particulares, a dialética, com seus critérios e testes baseados em endoxa para que, então, os primeiros princípios possam ser apreendidos de forma inequívoca pela inteligência, disposição responsável por conhecer os princípios. Vê-se a (...) indução como o método pelo qual se conhece o universal por meio de particulares, a dialética como instrumento metodológico auxiliando na busca pelos princípios, mais especificamente, pelas definições e o nous como faculdade, movimento noético, que opera de forma infalível na intuição dos indemonstráveis. (shrink)

Our goal in this paper is two-fold. First, we aim to clarify two ways in which contemporary Christian bioethicists have erred, on Engelhardt’s account, in their attempts to do bioethics within a distinctively non-Christian idiom, namely, either (1) by rejecting a principal metaethical thesis or (2) by misrepresenting a principal moral-epistemological thesis of natural-law ethics, properly construed. Second, we intend to show not only that Engelhardt can and should endorse the Christian bioethicists’ use of non-Christian moral idioms in the public (...) square but also—perhaps to the surprise both of his critics and of his supporters—that he does, in fact, do so. (shrink)

On December 29, 1886, in Florence, Pope Leo XIII beatified Thomas More together with other English martyrs from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The canonization happened on May 19, 1935, conducted by Pope Pius XI at Vatican City. On October 31, 2000, also at Vatican City, Pope John Paul II proclaimed Thomas More "the heavenly Patron of Statesmen and Politicians," praising him for being capable of conciliating the natural and the supernatural. Perhaps it is exactly this capacity of amalgamating the (...) natural and supernatural that made it possible for More to create not only an entirely innovative book but also an entirely new literary form. However, the connection between More and Italy goes beyond the... (shrink)

Este ensaio acadêmico sobre a infância de terreiro está redigido segundo uma leitura de mundo do candomblé. Há muitas leituras de mundo. Nossas experiências de vida colocaram-nos diante de, pelo menos duas delas: a leitura religiosa como a do candomblé e a leitura laica da pedagogia. No desenrolar dessas experiências observamos no cotidiano de nossas salas de aula - nos cursos de formação de professores e no cotidiano da Educação Infantil - um grande desconhecimento sobre a população de terreiro, em (...) especial sobre suas crianças. O texto aborda o conceito de infância afrodescendente, com base em pesquisas realizadas nos últimos dez anos pelo Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa Educação, Diversidade e Religião em comunidades religiosas tradicionais situadas no estado do Rio de Janeiro e no estado da Bahia, cujo objetivo é identificar, levar em consideração, compreender de forma pluridisciplinar formas de apropriação, expropriação do legado ancestral africano e afro-brasileiro. No texto trabalhamos com a escuta sensível, inspirado na abordagem italiana segundo a experiência de Reggio Emillia, e com o conceito de vivência de Lev Semenovitch Vigotsky, onde o conceito de vivência como é apreendido como caminho possível para uma educação libertadora, onde a tomada de consciência pela criança possibilita que ela entenda que é autora do próprio mundo. Uma realidade onde a escola valorize e dê visibilidade a infância afrodescendente pertencente as comunidades religiosas tradicionais. (shrink)

This study aims to discuss the crisis in which philosophy of science finds itself from the weakening of positivist logic, based on Marcelo Dascal’s proposal that defends the idea that a closer study to the controversy could collaborate in the process of evolution of scientific questions. For this purpose, the philosopher suggests a pragmatic perspective, that is, the perspective of the language in use. Therefore, the relationship between language and science, the controversies generated by science and the relationship between pragmatics (...) and controversy are addressed. This investigation, allows to demonstrate the solidity of the foundations used by Dascal, which authorizes to give controversy and pragmatics a prominent place in the philosophy of science, guiding the modern philosophies of language towards the use of language and controversy as an open space for the new, for the ‘real world’, every day. Keywords: Philosophy of science. Dascal. Controversy. Pragmatics. (shrink)

Em O mal-estar na cultura, Freud dedica um espaço privilegiado de reflexão para o tema da felicidade. Para o autor, a felicidade, tal como é comumente concebida pelos homens, significa obtenção de prazer. Por ser determinada pelo programa do princípio de prazer, passa a denotar, além de obtenção de prazer, evitação de desprazer. Mas esse princípio visa, sobretudo, evacuar toda a excitação presente no aparelho psíquico, o que conduz a afirmativa de que o aparelho psíquico não está voltado para produzir (...) um estado prazeroso. Assim sendo, O mal-estar na cultura anuncia uma contradição entre aquilo que constitui o propósito dos homens em suas vidas, ou seja, a felicidade no sentido de obter prazer, e a possibilidade real dela ser alcançada, uma vez que toda a constituição psíquica está voltada para atingir o estado zero de tensão. O conceito de felicidade pode, neste sentido, ser entendido como um estado sem excitação, visto que é determinado pelo princípio de prazer. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta os conceitos de inconsciente e simbolismo inconsciente em Jean Piaget, confrontando os com os de Freud. Na teoria psicanalítica, simbolismo refere-se a um comportamento ou pensamento com significado oculto ao sujeito. Piaget critica essa concepção e mostra que o pensamento simbólico forma uma unidade. Não existe um divisor de águas entre o que é consciente e inconsciente. Todo símbolo comporta concomitantemente esses dois atributos. Ao relacioná-los com os conceitos de assimilação e acomodação, Piaget afirma que enquanto o (...) primeiro é inconsciente, o segundo é consciente. Na psicanálise, há simbolismo porque o conteúdo do símbolo é recalcado. Em contraposição a essa idéia, Piaget afirma que a formação do símbolo não pode ser explicada pelo conteúdo, mas sim pela estrutura do pensamento. E mais do que isso: somente torna-se possível com o advento da representação, que ocorre por volta do segundo ano de idade. Uma outra oposição que Piaget mostra em relação a Freud referese ao conceito de inconsciente. Na visão piagetiana, o termo inconsciente é empregado apenas como adjetivo, não sendo utilizado, tal como em Freud, para designar um campo ou uma região. (shrink)

Decolonization created new opportunities for international scientific research collaboration. In Indonesia this began in the late 1940s, as Indonesian scientists and officials sought to remake the formerly colonial botanical gardens in the city of Bogor into an international research center. Indonesia sponsored the Flora Malesiana project, a flora of all of island Southeast Asia. This project was formally centered in Bogor, Indonesia, with participation from tropical botanists from around the world. The international orientation of Indonesian science led to the establishment (...) of one of UNESCO’s Field Science Co-operation Offices in Jakarta, and to a period of close collaboration between Indonesian botanists and UNESCO. This paper examines the importance of UNESCO’s Humid Tropics research program, which initially provided further opportunities for Indonesian botanists to participate in international scientific networks. The paper concludes by showing that the Humid Tropics program led to the slow erosion of Indonesian agency and authority over tropical botany, and the assertion of Western control and management over tropical botany research. (shrink)

This paper offers a biosemiotic account of the poetic aspects of gesture and speech in schizophrenia. The argument is that speech and gesture are not the mere expression of pre-verbal thoughts. Instead, meaning is enacted by the temporal and semantic coordination of speech and gesture. The bodily basis of language is highlighted by the fact that, failing to create language that is organized around topics, individuals with schizophrenia often rely on poetic associations in directing their utterances. Accordingly, the analysis of (...) schizophrenic speech and gesture based on McNeill’s Growth Point theory is enriched with reference to both Cowley’s (2007b) views on language as distributed social coordination, and Alexander’s (Biosemiotics 2(1):77–100, 2009) description of formal causes in nature. Schizophrenic language can be seen as a hypertrophied manifestation of the discourse-scaffolding function of poetic associations in speech and gesture. The analysis of schizophrenic language shows that language behavior need not be built on pre-verbal thoughts and important aspects of schizophrenic language, such as metalinguistic awareness and semiotic agency, can be clarified by applying concepts from biosemiotics. (shrink)

This article explores the role of affect in the disorganized language and thought that can manifest itself in bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder, or as it was previously known, manic-depressive illness, can produce psychotic language and thought in its more extreme forms. During the production of discourse in bipolar disorder, there is a strong correlation between the underlying affective state, i.e., depression, euthymia, hypomania, and mania, and linguistic and cognitive performance. A psycholinguistic model of the dynamics between language, thought, and affect (...) in bipolar disorder based on McNeill¿s concept of a ¿Growth Point¿ is proposed. In particular, the poetic structural phases of discourse production in bipolar disorder, which vary according to the underlying affective state, provide a phenomenological bridge between the psychotic discourse of mania and normal language production. (shrink)

Tom Moylan's Scraps of the Untainted Sky: Science Fiction, Utopia, Dystopia was first published in the year 2000. Seventeen years later, this work still enlightens discussions and catches the attention of both science fiction and Utopian studies. Still, we have to acknowledge the fact that we are facing a belated translation. This could easily be a problem if the present edition had not provided a new perspective on Moylan's Scraps. This edition, brought together by the Brazilian research group "Literature and (...) Utopia," not only shows the contemporaneity of Tom Moylan's insights but also sheds new light on the original book thanks to the introduction by Ildney Cavalcanti and Felipe Benicio, "Reflections" by Elton... (shrink)

How should companies handle the issue of HIV/AIDS and cope with the ethical dilemmas which result? Should they adopt a defensive policy or aim for a more humanistic policy? Dr Goss is Senior Lecturer in Organizational Behaviour in the University of Portsmouth Business School.

Pode-se afirmar que a filosofia crítica kantiana é uma espécie de suporte para a fundamentação epistemológica de Schopenhauer, mas que a teoria schopenhaueriana de modo algum a ela se reduz até porque Schopenhauer reprova desde a compreensão de Kant a respeito do papel que desempenham intuição e razão até a arquitetônica kantiana que exige doze categorias como alicerce do processo de conhecer. Nosso texto versará sobre a importância que Schopenhauer concede à intuição e, principalmente, sobre a justificação de Schopenhauer acerca (...) da causalidade como única “categoria” necessária e suficiente para a percepção dos objetos. (shrink)

RESUMO O escopo da pesquisa é a análise de 1142b 17-28 da “Ética Nicomaqueia”, trecho em que Aristóteles disserta sobre a correção, tendo em vista que a boa deliberação é uma espécie de correção. A passagem não é clara e sugere que: i) na boa deliberação, a moralidade restringe-se aos fins, cabendo aos meios apenas a característica de serem eficazes na obtenção dos fins; ou que ii) na boa deliberação, a moralidade recai sobre meios e sobre fins pois, com a (...) expressão “usar os meios corretos na obtenção do fim”, Aristóteles estaria incluindo o critério moral dos meios como condição necessária à boa deliberação. Opto por “i)” e defendo que a boa deliberação consiste tão somente em uma habilidade exitosa na obtenção de um fim bom, habilidade que leva em conta o que é melhor, mais fácil, mais eficaz, feita em tempo oportuno. ABSTRACT The scope of research is the analysis of “Nicomachean Ethics”, section 1142b 17-28, a passage in which Aristotle discusses the correction, since good deliberation is a kind of correction. The passage is not clear and suggests that: i) in good deliberation, morality is restricted to the ends, the means having only the characteristic of being effective in attaining the ends; or that ii) in good deliberation, morality pertains to means and ends since, in the expression "to use the right means in obtaining the end", Aristotle seems to include the moral criterion of means as a necessary condition for good deliberation. I opt for “i)” and argue that good deliberation consists only in a successful ability to attain a good end, a skill that takes into account what is better, easier, more effective, done in a timely manner. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Original Dwelling Place: Zen EssaysRobert E. GossOriginal Dwelling Place: Zen Essays. By Robert Aitken. Upland, California: Counterpoint, 1996. 241 pp.Robert Aitken narrates his over forty-year journey into Zen, elucidating not only his spiritual journey but also reflecting the Americanization of Zen Buddhism. He was introduced to Zen Buddhism during World War II as an internee in a camp for enemy civilians in Kobe, Japan. Original Dwelling Place is Aitken’s (...) ninth book to explore a series of topics that accent his personal journey into Zen. He has gathered a series of essays about the texts and lineage teachers with whom he studied over the years. In the opening section, entitled “Ancestors,” he pays homage to the masters [End Page 212] who influenced his own Zen practice. He writes, “All of my guides have passed away, but they are alive in my mind and body” (p. 5). The book reflects his continuing bond with those deceased teachers who exercised a vital presence and environmental influence within his life. He shares some stories, personal insights, and legacies of some of his guides, such as Nyogen Senzaki, Soen Roshi, Blyth Sensei, and D. T. Suzuki. I found his essay on the legacy of Dwight Goddard filling in many personal details of a pioneer Western Buddhist who significantly contributed to the Americanization of Buddhism. In many ways, Aitken’s own spiritual development and Original Dwelling Place recapitulate the Americanization of Zen Buddhism, providing some important insights into that process of Buddhist acculturation.Yet Aitken does not limit his guides to twentieth-century ones. He brings alive the classical discourses and relates them to contemporary life. Throughout his essays, I was struck by how alive and dynamic Aitken’s Mahayana contemplative vision and practice are. There is a spirit of “contemplative action” that collapses the duality of meditative practice and living that discovers the truth dynamically within a matrix of open living. As a Christian practitioner of Ignatian spirituality, I found many parallels to the Jesuit ideal of being “contemplative in action.” Aitken’s essays elucidate an ongoing dynamic dialectic that fluctuates between meditative reflection and the world of experience—reminding me at times of the contemplative Trappist monk, Thomas Merton, and at other times of the Jesuit poet-activist, Daniel Berrigan.The reader garners an aesthetic sense that classical Zen texts have been an integral part of his journey and have provided him with a platform to reflect on topics such as marriage, death, the use of money, sexuality, and Zen practice. Some of his essays have a meditative quality, drawing the reader into an web of intertextuality and experience where Zen teachers and Western poets engage in a contemplative path of pleasure expressed in awareness of the everyday dewdrop world. There were moments that I envisioned reading a particular essay on retreat, for they had a meditative quality that reminded me of some the writings of Thomas Merton. Like Merton, Robert Aitken does not merely probe meditative experience but attempts to interrogate the everyday experiences of Western Buddhists from meditative awareness. Most Japanese Buddhists, he notes, are married within Shinto ceremonies, and Western Buddhists have resurrected old Buddhist marriage ceremonies seldom used by Japanese practitioners. Western Buddhist marriage ceremonies, Aitken notes, are a relatively new tradition that often blends ceremonies from The Book of Common Prayer with Buddhist rituals. He ends his short essay on marriage with final reflections on how marriage and family form a little sangha.In “Death: A Zen Buddhist Perspective,” Aitken breaks new ground by noting how Buddhists face the fact of death and find solace in impermanence. He quotes the Japanese haiku poet, Isa Kobayashi (1763–1827), grieving at the loss of his baby daughter:The dewdrop world is the dewdrop world, and yet—and yet(p. 124). [End Page 213]Isa looks desperately for something to give him hope but only finds comfort in his grief. Aitken points out that within grief is emancipation and that bereavement can be a good teacher. He develops some reflections on a highly underdeveloped topic within Buddhism: grieving and the transformation of grief into solace.Aitken writes on political revolution and the matters of ethics. He addresses... (shrink)