Results for 'Jaroslav Světlý'

546 found
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  1.  66
    Lesk a bída platonistické koncepce sémantiky.Jaroslav Peregrin - manuscript
    Podíváme-li se na rané Platónovy dialogy, vidíme, že o co v nich jde především, je předvedení toho, že pojmy mají relativně jasné hranice, že zdánlivému chaosu užívání slov vládne jistý pevný řád, který si člověk dokáže i explicitně uvědomit, je-li k tomu vhodným způsobem veden. Snaha o zdůraznění a znázornění tohoto na první pohled neviditelného 'řádu v chaosu' pak podle mého názoru postupně vedla i ke konstituci Platónovy mytologie říše idejí, které, ač neviděny, hrají z hlediska viditelného světa klíčovou roli. (...)
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  2.  43
    Ivan Blecha: Fenomenologie a kultura slepé skvrny, Triton, Praha, 2002, 119 s.Jaroslav Peregrin - unknown
    Ve své knížce Fenomenologie a kultura slepé skvrny předkládá Ivan Blecha tři eseje, jejichž společným jmenovatelem je konfrontace různých aspektů postmodernistické filosofie s filosofií fenomenologickou. Proti obratu k jazyku a z něj často vyvozovaného pluralismu nebo dokonce relativismu staví Blecha tezi, že svět, ve kterém člověk žije, je determinován způsobem, kterým v kadlubu své intencionální mysli konstituuje věci ze svého bezprostředního prožívání, a že tudíž tento svět není v žádném podstatném slova smyslu ani tvarován jazykem, ani otevřen žádným velkým pluralistickým (...)
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  3.  45
    Rozpaky nad Vopěnkovými Meditacemi o základech vědy.Jaroslav Peregrin - unknown
    V kontextu české filosofie, kde není nouze o vzdělané a chytré lidi, ale kde se to nijak nehemží skutečnými individualitami, představuje Petr Vopěnka zcela zvláštní případ. Je matematik nejenom vzděláním, ale v matematice i leccos dokázal. Jeho knihy o filosofii matematiky, zejména jeho tetralogie Rozprav s geometrií1, jsou velice vyhraněné: Vopěnka v nich předkládá svůj originální obraz a příliš se nestará o to, aby ho konfrontoval s tím, co si o tom myslí jiní. Jak sám připouští, i historické osoby, o (...)
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  4. Filosofie pro normální lidi.Jaroslav Peregrin - manuscript
    ONTOLOGIE (aneb Z čeho všeho se skládá svět) RELATIVISMUS A POSTMODERNA (aneb Má každý svou pravdu?) EPISTEMOLOGIE (aneb Jak můžeme o světě něco vědět?) FILOSOFIE JAZYKA (aneb Co je to jazyk a co je to význam?) STRUKTURALISMUS (aneb Co je to jazyk a co je to význam? podruhé) FILOSOFIE MYSLI (aneb Co to je mysl a kdo všechno jí může disponovat?) FILOSOFIE JAKO ANALÝZA MYSLI (aneb Jak nám naše mysl dává žít v našem světě?) FILOSOFIE VĚDY (aneb Jak svět poznávat (...)
     
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  5.  42
    Jaroslav Peregrin.Jaroslav Peregrin - unknown
    The paper presents an argument against a "metaphysical'* conception of logic according to which logic spells out a specific kind of mathematical structure that is somehow inherently related to our factual reasoning. In contrast, it is argued that it is always an empirical question as to whether a given mathematical structure really does captures a principle of reasoning. lMore generally, it is argued that it is not meaningful to replace an empirical investigation of a thing by an investigation of its (...)
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  6.  24
    Jaroslav Pelican, Christianity and Classical Culture: The Metamorphosis of Natural Theology in the Christian Encounter with Hellenism. [REVIEW]Jaroslav Pelikan - 1997 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 41 (3):184-186.
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  7. Nieznany utwór dramatyczny z pogranicza czesko-niemieckiego jako wyraz myśli społecznej końca XVI wieku/Jaroslav Panék.Jaroslav Pánek - 2002 - Archiwum Historii Filozofii I Myśli Społecznej 47:247-255.
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  8.  62
    Tales of the Mighty Dead.Jaroslav Peregrin - 2005 - Filosoficky Casopis 53 (3):782-785.
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  9.  30
    Truth and its Nature.Jaroslav Peregrin - 1999 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Springer.
    The question how to turn the principles implicitly governing the concept of truth into an explicit definition of the concept hence coalesced with the question how to get a finite grip on the infinity of T-sentences. Tarski's famous and ingenious move was to introduce a new concept, satisfaction, which could be, on the one hand, recursively defined, and which, on the other hand, straightforwardly yielded an explication of truth. A surprising 'by-product' of Tarski's effort to bring truth under control was (...)
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  10. Inferentialism: Why Rules Matter.Jaroslav Peregrin - 2014 - London and New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
    In this study two strands of inferentialism are brought together: the philosophical doctrine of Brandom, according to which meanings are generally inferential roles, and the logical doctrine prioritizing proof-theory over model theory and approaching meaning in logical, especially proof-theoretical terms.
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  11. Language and its Models: Is Model Theory a Theory of Semantics?Jaroslav Peregrin - 1997 - Nordic Journal of Philosophical Logic 2 (1):1-23.
    Tarskian model theory is almost universally understood as a formal counterpart of the preformal notion of semantics, of the “linkage between words and things”. The wide-spread opinion is that to account for the semantics of natural language is to furnish its settheoretic interpretation in a suitable model structure; as exemplified by Montague 1974.
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  12. Inferentialism and the Normativity of Meaning.Jaroslav Peregrin - 2012 - Philosophia 40 (1):75-97.
    There may be various reasons for claiming that meaning is normative, and additionally, very different senses attached to the claim. However, all such claims have faced fierce resistance from those philosophers who insist that meaning is not normative in any nontrivial sense of the word. In this paper I sketch one particular approach to meaning claiming its normativity and defend it against the anti-normativist critique: namely the approach of Brandomian inferentialism. However, my defense is not restricted to inferentialism in any (...)
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  13. Is inferentialism circular?Jaroslav Peregrin - 2018 - Analysis 78 (3):450-454.
    Variations on the argument “Inferences are moves from meaningful statements to meaningful statements; hence the meanings cannot be inferential roles” are often used as knock-down argument against inferentialism. In this short paper I indicate that the argument is simply a non sequitur.
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  14.  67
    Consequence & inference.Jaroslav Peregrin - unknown
    Logic is usually considered to be the study of logical consequence – of the most basic laws governing how a statement’s truth depends on the truth of other statements. Some of the pioneers of modern formal logic, notably Hilbert and Carnap, assumed that the only way to get hold of the relation of consequence was to reconstruct it as a relation of inference within a formal system built upon explicit inferential rules. Even Alfred Tarski in 1930 seemed to foresee no (...)
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  15. Filosofická hermeneutika v dějinách a v současnosti.Jaroslav Hroch - 1997 - Brno: Georgetown.
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  16.  4
    Praxe a tradice: kritika filozofické hermeneutiky H.-G. Gadamera.Jaroslav Hroch - 1989 - Praha: Academia.
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  17. The Chains of Words and Fullness of the World.Jaroslav Kriz - 2011 - Filozofia 66 (7):689-695.
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  18.  24
    Contribution to the Identification of Some Trees and Shrubs in the Oldest Works of European Literature.Jaroslav Levy - 1961 - Isis 52 (1):78-86.
  19.  18
    Superinteligence a problém kontroly: Skutečný problém nebo pseudo-problém?Jaroslav Malík - 2021 - Filosofie Dnes 13 (2).
    V tomto článku se zabývám konceptem SI (superinteligence) a s ní spojeným problémem kontroly. Podle určité skupiny teoretiků umělé inteligence stojíme na prahu události, která může radikálně změnit povahu technologického pokroku a lidské společnosti obecně. Touto událostí má být takzvaná technologická singularita, která je často spojována se vznikem první větší než lidské inteligence. Lidé jako Nick Bostrom varují před nebezpečím, které pro nás vznik SI znamená a upozorňují, že musíme co nejdříve najít metody kontroly této inteligence. Podle Bostroma a dalších (...)
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  20.  19
    Existence of modeling limits for sequences of sparse structures.Jaroslav Nešetřil & Patrice Ossona de Mendez - 2019 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 84 (2):452-472.
  21.  33
    Dynamická sémantika a dynamická logika.Jaroslav Peregrin - 1996 - Organon F: Medzinárodný Časopis Pre Analytickú Filozofiu 3 (4):333-348.
    The “dynamic turn” in semantic theory of natural language, which has been taking place roughly during the last decade, has resulted into seeing the meaning of a sentence as a “context-change-potential”, as a function which maps the set of possible contexts on itself. The development of theories of this kind has been stimulated especially by the effort to semantically cope with the anaphoric items of natural language . The most significant species of dynamic semantic theories are represented by Kamp´s “discourse (...)
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  22.  13
    Tomáš Marvan. Otázka významu.Jaroslav Růžička - 2011 - Pro-Fil 11 (2).
    Tomáš Marvan Otázka významu: Cesty analytické filosofie jazyka. 1. vyd. Praha: Togga, 2010, ISBN 978-80-87258-33-0, 150 stran.
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  23. Helena Kurzova (ed.), The Megarians: Fragments.Jaroslav Rytiř - 2009 - Rhizai. A Journal for Ancient Philosophy and Science:215-220.
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  24.  13
    Energy Drinks Consumption by Students at Universities in Trnava.Jaroslav Stanciak, Jana Boronova & Lubica Vareckova - 2020 - Postmodern Openings 11 (2supl1):16-25.
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  25.  26
    Philosophy of Logical Systems.Jaroslav Peregrin - 2019 - New York: Routledge.
    This book addresses the hasty development of modern logic, especially its introducing and embracing various kinds of artificial languages and moving from the study of natural languages to that of artificial ones. This shift seemed extremely helpful and managed to elevate logic to a new level of rigor and clarity. However, the change that logic underwent in this way was in no way insignificant, and it is also far from an insignificant matter to determine to what extent the "new logic" (...)
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  26. Meaning and Structure.Jaroslav Peregrin - 2002 - Filosoficky Casopis 50:686-688.
     
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  27.  75
    Meaning and inference.Jaroslav Peregrin - 2003 - In Timothy Childers & Ondrej Majer (eds.), Logica Yearbook 2002. Filosofia.
    In this paper we first propose an exact definition of the concept of inferential role, and then go on to examine the question whether subscribing to inferentialism necessitates throwing away existing theories of formal semantics, as we know them from logic, or whether these could be somehow accomodated within the inferentialist framework. The conclusion we reach is that it is possible to make an inferentialist sense of even those common semantic theories which are usually considered as incompatible with inferentialism, such (...)
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  28. The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100–600).Jaroslav Pelikan - 1971
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  29. Logic as a Science of Patterns?Jaroslav Peregrin - 2024 - Journal of Philosophy 121 (1):5-25.
    I propose that logic may be seen as a science of patterns—however, not in the sense in which mathematics is a science of patterns, but rather in the sense in which physics is. The proposal is that logic identifies, explores, and fixes the inferential patterns which de facto govern our argumentative practices. It can be seen, I argue, as picking up the patterns and working from them toward the state of reflective equilibrium, where the laws it aims at are explicitly (...)
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  30. Meaning as an inferential role.Jaroslav Peregrin - 2006 - Erkenntnis 64 (1):1-35.
    While according to the inferentialists, meaning is always a kind of inferential role, proponents of other approaches to semantics often doubt that actual meanings, as they see them, can be generally reduced to inferential roles. In this paper we propose a formal framework for considering the hypothesis of the.
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  31.  20
    Whence Correctness?Jaroslav Peregrin - forthcoming - Topoi:1-6.
    We know that lots of things are correct. (Helping people in need is correct. Moving the bishop diagonally when playing chess is correct. Adding 7 to 5 to make 12 is correct.) But where does this correctness come from? I argue that correctness is best seen as something we humans created in the process of forming our societies. This, admittedly, is speculative; but aside of this, there are facts that are more than speculations. In particular, I argue that our correctness (...)
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  32. Should One Be A Left or A Right Sellarsian?Jaroslav Peregrin - 2016 - Metaphilosophy 47 (2):251-263.
    The followers of Wilfrid Sellars are often divided into “right” and “left” Sellarsians, according to whether they believe, in Mark Lance's words, that “linguistic roles constitutive of meaning and captured by dot quoted words are ‘normative all the way down.’” The present article anatomizes this division and argues that it is not easy to give it a nontrivial sense. In particular, the article argues that it is not really possible to construe it as a controversy related to ontology, and goes (...)
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  33. Review of 'Wilfrid Sellars' (James O'Shea 2007) and 'Wilfrid Sellars' (Willem deVries 2005).Jaroslav Peregrin, James O'shea & James R. O'Shea - 2008 - Erkenntnis 69 (1):131-135.
    A review of deVries' and O'Shea's books, both titled "Wilfrid Sellars". By Jaroslav Peregrin.
     
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  34.  49
    Úvod do teoretické sémantiky.Jaroslav Peregrin - manuscript
    Když jsem v roce 1992 začínal na filosofické fakultě UK přednášet teorii sémantiky, cítil jsem intenzivní potřebu poskytnout studentům nějaký učební text. O překotném vývoji tohoto interdisciplinárního oboru, který odstartovalo v sedmdesátých letech úspěšné “zkřížení logiky s lingvistikou” Richardem Montaguem a dalšími a který se nezpomalil dodnes, totiž v češtině neexistovaly prakticky žádné zprávy (s čestnou výjimkou přístupu tzv. transparentní intenzionální logiky, který byl dílem českého emigranta Pavla Tichého a o kterém u nás psal Pavel Materna). Přehledové publikace, jaké jsou (...)
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  35.  51
    Semantics as based on inference.Jaroslav Peregrin - 2006 - In Johan van Benthem, Gerhard Heinzman, M. Rebushi & H. Visser (eds.), The Age of Alternative Logics: Assessing Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics Today. Dordrecht, Netherland: Springer. pp. 25--36.
  36.  16
    Pseudointersection numbers, ideal slaloms, topological spaces, and cardinal inequalities.Jaroslav Šupina - 2023 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 62 (1):87-112.
    We investigate several ideal versions of the pseudointersection number \(\mathfrak {p}\), ideal slalom numbers, and associated topological spaces with the focus on selection principles. However, it turns out that well-known pseudointersection invariant \(\mathtt {cov}^*({\mathcal I})\) has a crucial influence on the studied notions. For an invariant \(\mathfrak {p}_\mathrm {K}({\mathcal J})\) introduced by Borodulin-Nadzieja and Farkas (Arch. Math. Logic 51:187–202, 2012), and an invariant \(\mathfrak {p}_\mathrm {K}({\mathcal I},{\mathcal J})\) introduced by Repický (Real Anal. Exchange 46:367–394, 2021), we have $$\begin{aligned} \min \{\mathfrak (...)
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  37.  67
    Doing Worlds with Words: Formal Semantics Without Formal Metaphysics.Jaroslav Peregrin - 1995 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Springer.
    Doing Worlds with Words throws light on the problem of meaning as the meeting point of linguistics, logic and philosophy, and critically assesses the possibilities and limitations of elucidating the nature of meaning by means of formal logic, model theory and model-theoretical semantics. The main thrust of the book is to show that it is misguided to understand model theory metaphysically and so to try to base formal semantics on something like formal metaphysics; rather, the book states that model theory (...)
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  38. What is the Logic of Inference?Jaroslav Peregrin - 2008 - Studia Logica 88 (2):263-294.
    The topic of this paper is the question whether there is a logic which could be justly called the logic of inference. It may seem that at least since Prawitz, Dummett and others demonstrated the proof-theoretical prominency of intuitionistic logic, the forthcoming answer is that it is this logic that is the obvious choice for the accolade. Though there is little doubt that this choice is correct (provided that inference is construed as inherently single-conclusion and complying with the Gentzenian structural (...)
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  39.  26
    Duša poetická a duša filozofická. K Platónovmu dialógu Faidón.Jaroslav Cepko - 2014 - Pro-Fil 14 (2):19.
    Článok je pokusom o interpretáciu Platónovho dialógu Faidón vo svetle prvých Sókratových slov, ktoré v ňom zaznievajú. Sókratova krátka úvaha o vzťahu príjemného a nepríjemného je vzápätí vsadená do kontextu konfrontácie filozofického a básnického typu explanácie. Zaujímavé je, že Sókratov komentár k snu, ktorý ho kedysi vyzval k praktizovaniu múzického umenia, neprezentuje oba prístupy ako navzájom sa vylučujúce, ale skôr ako komplementárne. V tejto perspektíve je možné čítať Faidóna ako náčrt „vysokej“ filozofie oddelených ideí, a zároveň ako výzvu o jej (...)
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  40.  7
    Are there differences in business ethics within SMEs’ most important business sectors in the V4 countries? Empirical research.Jaroslav Belas, Katarina Zvarikova, Justas Streimikis & Martina Jakubcinova - 2024 - Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) 14 (1-2):124-136.
    Business ethics represents an important aspect that influences each country’s socio-economic system, and is important to society, environment, and economy. The present article aims to define significant attributes of business ethics in the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and compares their attitudes within the three most significant business sectors in the Visegrad Group countries (V4 countries: Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Poland, and Hungary). An empirical study, focusing on the attitudes of small and medium-sized firms, was conducted in June (...)
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  41. Antisthenes and Paideia. On the Socratic Model of Education.Jaroslav Cepko - 2011 - Filozofia 66 (6):535-544.
    ?lánok sa sústre?uje na Antisthenovo chápanie výchovy, ktoré bolo nepochybne inšpirované Sókratom. K?ú?ový zlomok – „po?iatkom výchovy je skúmanie mien“ – je dokladom o úzkom spojení logiky a etiky, aké môžeme nájs? aj v Platónových a Xenofóntových dialógoch. Autor ?lánku porovnáva Antisthenov koncept paideie s Isokratovým rétorickým ideálom a poukazuje na variácie sókratovského modelu výchovy u významných predstavite?ov Sókratovho krúžku . Na rozdiel od Platóna Antisthenés neprejavuje záujem o metafyzické rozvinutie náuky svojho u?ite?a, ale ponúka pozitívny etický ideál, ktorý treba (...)
     
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  42.  13
    ANTISTHENÉS A PAIDEIA K sókratovskému modelu výchovy.Jaroslav Cepko - 2011 - Filozofia 66 (6).
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  43.  13
    Atopia – miesto kynika vo svete.Jaroslav Cepko - 2020 - Filozofia 75 (3).
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  44.  14
    Hanba, zázračný prsteň a Platónov Sokrates.Jaroslav Cepko - 2023 - Filozofia 78 (4):259-272.
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  45.  7
    Od konfliktu k zdatnosti. Aischinés a sokratovská výchova.Jaroslav Cepko - 2019 - Filozofia 74 (1).
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  46. Nekotorye problemy nauchnoĭ ėtiki.Jaroslav Engst - 1960
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  47.  7
    Philosophically Specified Types of Methods Important for Theoretical Natural Science *Jaroslav Kubrycht - 2024 - Open Journal of Philosophy 14 (2):448-480.
    In accordance with current philosophical opinions, four classical and one more recently proposed types of methods frequently used in theoretical natural science are specified here together with the corresponding sources of inspiration. More precisely, abstract models, thought experiments, mathematical hypotheses and metaphors are dealt with here as classical types of methods, whereas hybrids of mathematical hypotheses and thought experiments represent more recent methodic group. In addition, this paper describes the relationships of the introduced types of methods to the (i) three-floor (...)
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  48.  34
    Ramsey classes of topological and metric spaces.Jaroslav Nešetřil - 2006 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 143 (1-3):147-154.
    This paper is a follow up of the author’s programme of characterizing Ramsey classes of structures by a combination of model theory and combinatorics. This relates the classification programme for countable homogeneous structures to the proof techniques of the structural Ramsey theory. Here we consider the classes of topological and metric spaces which recently were studied in the context of extremally amenable groups and of the Urysohn space. We show that Ramsey classes are essentially classes of finite objects only. While (...)
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  49.  45
    Co je to (fregovská) logika?Jaroslav Peregrin - manuscript
    Filosofové odedávna snili o jazyce, který by byl z hlediska řešení těch problémů, se kterými se potýkají (případně všech lidských problémů vůbec), vhodnější než jazyk, jímž nás obdařila příroda. Mnozí z nich si představovali, že filosofické problémy vznikají zčásti nebo zcela v důsledku toho, že přirozený jazyk není dostatečně přesným prostředkem vyjádření našich idejí a myšlenek - a že by se tedy vše spravilo, kdyby byl k dispozici jazyk, jehož výrazivo by bylo s našim myšlením - případně s naším světem (...)
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  50. Logika 20. století: mezi filosofií a matematikou.Jaroslav Peregrin - 2007 - Filosoficky Casopis 55:917-922.
    [Logic of the 20th century: Between philosophy and mathematics].
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1 — 50 / 546