The history of the African slave trade, despite its importance and role in world development, was not scientifically studied until 1930, and even since then few books and papers have been devoted to the subject. Beginning in the nineteenth century, however, this history has been the focus of sensational publications that underline and broadly interpret a smattering of highly emotional events. A conspiracy of silence cloaks the subject, as though shame still weighs upon the shoulders of Western society. In Africa, (...) the same silence seems to favor consigning all memory of the collaborators to oblivion. In the last twenty years, the situation has begun to change. Several international conferences have brought together white and black historians. The Anneaux de la mémoire (Chains of Memory) exposition in Nantes enjoyed considerable success, and in 1994 UNESCO launched a decade-long cultural program called La Route de l'esclave (The Path of Slavery). (shrink)

Jean-Michel Beaudet est professeur d’ethnomusicologie à l’Université Paris-Nanterre. Spécialiste de la musique et de la danse amérindienne, il a publié en 1997 Souffles d’Amazonie. Les orchestres tule des Wayãpi, accompagné d’un CD qui restitue les enregistrements pratiqués lors de son séjour auprès des Wayãpi, et en 2010 Nous danserons jusqu’à l’aube. Essai d’ethnologie mouvementée en Amazonie, Paris, CTHS. Plus récemment, il a fait paraître Jouer, danser, boire. Carnets d’ethnographies musicales aux Éditions de l’EHESS, 2017, qui mêle réflexions sur (...) la pratique de l’ethnologie et souvenirs relatifs à son travail de terrain, qu’il conçoit moins comme une étude sur qu’une pratique avec les personnes rencontrées lors de ses différents voyages au Brésil (1975), en Guyane (1977-2023), en Nouvelle-Calédonie (1984-1988) – qui certes n’est pas en Amazonie – puis en Bolivie (1992-1998). (shrink)

Jean-Michel Vienne; IX*—Locke on Real Essence and Internal Constitution1, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 93, Issue 1, 1 June 1993, Pages 139–15.

Jean-Michel Roessli | : Cette brève contribution a pour but de revenir sur une question soulevée par Miguel Herrero de Jáuregui, à propos de la façon dont les historiens de l’Antiquité tardive envisagent les contacts ou échanges entre Juifs, chrétiens et païens et, plus particulièrement, les phénomènes d’acculturation ou d’appropriation culturelle. Cette question est abordée à la lumière de la figure d’Orphée, dont Miguel Herrero se sert pour illustrer sa thèse dans le domaine de l’iconographie religieuse, alors qu’il (...) recourt à d’autres thèmes ou motifs pour vérifier son hypothèse dans la sphère des rites et de la poésie. La question soulevée est de savoir si l’opinio communis selon laquelle certains éléments de la culture païenne ont été « assimilés » à et par la culture chrétienne est une représentation biaisée qui se fonde sur une construction apologétique plus ou moins inconsciente ou s’il s’agit d’une réalité culturelle historiquement attestée. | : This short paper aims to respond to a question raised by Miguel Herrero de Jáuregui with respect to the way historians of Late Antiquity see contacts or exchanges between Jews, Christians and Pagans and, more specifically, the phenomenon of acculturation or cultural appropriation. This question is addressed in the light of the mythological figure of Orpheus, which Miguel Herrero uses to illustrate his thesis in the field of religious iconography, while referring to other themes or motifs to verify his hypothesis in the area of rites and poetry. The issue raised is to know whether the opinio communis according to which elements of the pagan culture were “assimilated” to and by the Christian culture is a biased representation based on a more or less unconscious apologetic construction or if it relies on a historically attested reality. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Commentary on “Edmund Husserl’s Influence on Karl Jaspers’s Phenomenology”Jean Naudin (bio) and Jean-Michel Azorin (bio)Keywordsphenomenology, intentionality, intuition, empathy, ambiguitySchwartz and Wiggins’s paper clearly shows that Jaspers’s comprehensive psychiatry draws mainly from Husserl’s phenomenology. This thesis enters a current debate opened by Chris Walker and German Berrios about the influence of Husserlian philosophy on Jaspers’s work. This debate, which emerged at the end of the so-called decade (...) of the brain, could be considered perfectly obsolete. But its topicality relies on taking up the challenge of the scientific bases of comprehension in psychiatric experience. Wiggins and Schwartz perfectly achieve this aim by opposing a theory of seeing and a theory of thinking. Works such as Walker’s are grounded on thinking; they are works about theory. They are not works about experience, but rather epistemological or historical works. In contrast, Wiggins and Schwartz suggest to see, as Jaspers did, and not to think, following Husserl by grounding their psychopathology on intuition and presuppositionlessness. They emphasize Jaspers’s method of “making present” by doing a perfect analysis of the issues of translation of vergegenwärtigung as a co-experiencing of mental processes as if they were directly given. These main principles of direct-givenness, presuppositionlessness, and making present pull the Jaspersian concepts to the Husserlian phenomenological reduction and seem like the foremost principle in Husserlian phenomenology: the intuition of the thing in itself. Whereas Jaspers refuted the principle of eidetic reduction, Wiggins and Schwartz clearly show how much he grounded on the basis of the concept of intentionality, discovered and enlightened during Husserl’s life within the horizon of phenomenological reduction. Actually, it seems that the authors take the side of Jaspers to better support their own vision of psychiatric experience, which they more explicitly argued in Husserlian terms of the later period in some other papers (Schwartz and Wiggins 1985; Wiggins and Schwartz 1988, 1991; Wiggins, Schwartz, and Northoff 1990). However, they take care here to struggle exclusively with the epistemological field of their opponents, considering only Jaspers’s own writings and the Husserlian texts that were accessible to Jaspers when he wrote his psychopathology. There is no room for Kant in Jaspers’s main [End Page 37] principles, and this assumption must lead us to consider the horizon opened by Jaspers, that is, the horizon of a science of meaning essentially built on the lived experiences and the bracketing of any kind of a priori. In contrast to the slight influence of Kant, one idea that emerges is that of the straight impact of Dilthey on both Jaspers and Husserl. We perfectly agree with Wiggins and Schwartz that Jaspers, grounding both on Husserl and Dilthey, arrives at a methodological principle that is all his own, by considering both the connections of the life-stories and the objectivity of symptoms. In other words, we can find the originality and maybe the astonishing modernity of Jaspers in his perfect description of the balance between comprehension and observation, between empathy and its limits, that are obviously found in psychotic processes.We thus focused our comments on the following critiques to Jaspers, although they were already well argued in the brief conclusion of Wiggins and Schwartz: (a) the issue of empathy, (b) the limits of Jaspersian phenomenology, and (c) the merits of its genuine ambiguity.The Issue of Empathy. Indeed we have no reliable scientific mean to guarantee the correctness of our intuitions of the other’s mental life, and this problem might lead one to globally reject the method. The discussion of this problem, classical in the Continental literature since the twenties, led the Continental psychiatrists to unfortunately abandon their own traditions. And it is surprising for a Continental psychiatrist to see this debate coming back into the English-speaking literature. When we address the issue of empathy, we have no easy means to abandon folk psychology. Using philosophical slang weakens the attempt to enlighten its foundations instead of describing its values. The suspicion regarding empathy is partially legitimated by the prejudices of Jaspers himself. As psychiatrists, we have to carry on the Jaspersian research by progressively abandoning it and coming back... (shrink)

_Winner of the 2010 Sigourney Award!_ How has Hanna Segal influenced psychoanalysis today? Jean-Michel Quinodoz provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of Segal's life, her clinical and theoretical work, and her contribution to psychoanalysis over the past sixty years by combining actual biographical and conceptual interviews with Hanna Segal herself or with colleagues who have listened to Segal in various contexts. _Listening to Hanna Segal_ explores both Segal's personal and professional histories, and the interaction between the two. (...) The book opens with an autobiographical account of Segal's life, from her birth in Poland to her analysis with Melanie Klein in London where she became the youngest member of the British Psychoanalytical Society. Quinodoz goes on to explain Segal's contributions in various fields of psychoanalysis including: the psychoanalytic treatment of psychotic patients the introduction of the "symbolic equation" aesthetics and the creative impulse the analysis of elderly patients introducing the work of Melanie Klein. Quinodoz concludes by examining Segal's most recent contribution to psychoanalysis - exploring nuclear terror, psychotic anxieties, and group phenomena. Throughout the interviews Segal speaks of her close relationships with prominent colleagues such as Klein, Rosenfeld, and Bion, making this book both a valuable contribution to the history of psychoanalysis and an indication of the evolution of psychoanalytic ideas over the past six decades. This clear summary of Hanna Segal's life and her contribution to psychoanalysis will be an essential guide to anyone studying Segal and her contemporaries. (shrink)

A presente pesquisa traz uma análise sobre a efetivação da liberdade no interior da sociedade civil burguesa, mais especificamente no Sistema das Carências, bem como sua relação direta com o trabalho livre. Para tanto, foi necessário à utilização da obra: "Linhas fundamentais da filosofia do direito ou Direito natural e ciência do Estado em Compêndio" do autor Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. O objetivo é demonstrar o aspecto espiritual do trabalho, este que para Hegel assume um valor fundamental de libertação, pois (...) possibilita ao homem se erguer de uma pura determinação imediata e natural para uma esfera de criação da cultura. O método de exposição da presente pesquisa se dá na forma da Dialética especulativa que ressalta o movimento de libertação exposto no Sistema das Carências através do trabalho. Portanto, o trabalho adquire um aspecto positivo que possibilita o eu (ich) alcançar a satisfação das necessidades sociais, tendo como resultado a libertação da natureza. (shrink)

Delivered at the Collège de France between January and March 1980, the lectures entitled On the Government of the Living (Du gouvernement des vivants) seem to be the missing piece in the Foucauldian puzzle. Still unpublished, those eleven lectures were intended to set the theoretical foundation for the book announced as the fourth and last volume of the History of Sexuality, under the title Confessions of the Flesh (Les aveux de la chair). This book, however, was never published, despite the (...) fact that his editor described it as the keystone for the entire History of Sexuality.1 The value of Michel…. (shrink)

Pendant des millénaires, il fut attendu des victimes confrontées à des circonstances extrêmes que leurs conduites se conforment à des codes d'honneur terriblement exigeants. A-t-il trahi les siens celui qui a survécu à la torture? A-t-elle trop facilement cédé celle qui a connu le viol? Ces survivants suspects ont-ils sacrifié leur honneur à leur survie? Questions traumatisantes, disent certains. Questions pourtant posées avec une surprenante récurrence pendant des siècles et des siècles, comme l'explique Jean-Michel Chaumont. Or, depuis quelques (...) décennies, dans les sociétés occidentales, ces codes d'honneur sont frontalement contestés, et sont même perçus comme d'intolérables blâmes adressés aux victimes. Si tout le monde s'accorde à reconnaître le progrès moral que cette critique fait advenir dans le cas du viol (la morale n'attend plus que la femme victime se justifie de son comportement), elle tend à promouvoir une éthique de la survie à n'importe quel prix dans les situations de péril extrême. Ce livre ambitieux reconstruit les critères qui ont pu départager les conduites honorables et les conduites déshonorantes, et montre, archives à l'appui, qu'il y a peu encore ces critères furent appliqués à des résistants communistes et aux victimes de la Shoah, en particulier les membres des Sonderkommandos. Il signale les évolutions considérables de nos sensibilités morales et pointe les régressions associées au risque d'un " chacun pour soi " décomplexé. Si la trahison devenait la norme implicite, si l'éthique de la survie devait passer avant celle de l'honneur, et de la fidélité aux siens, ne serait-il pas à craindre que le jour venu, face à l'extrême, nous ne perdions nos âmes? (shrink)

Il devient difficile de rendre compte des livres ou même des articles publiés ces dernières années sur la Cappadoce, du moins si on tient à faire un compte-rendu qui ne soit pas simplement un résumé sommairement commenté du livre et impliquant, au contraire, une prise de position personnelle sur les problèmes débattus. En effet, sur la plupart des questions encore disputées sur les églises byzantines de Cappadoce, on constate des prises de positions tranchées et contradictoires, souvent d'ailleurs appuyées sur des (...) arguments qui paraissent intéressants et ne peuvent pas être écartés facilement, mais qui, si l'on regarde de près, ne prennent pas en compte toutes les données possibles et ne suffisent pas à démontrer que les opinions contraires sont erronées. Peut-être d'ailleurs, faudra-t-il un jour admettre que la nature de la documentation ne permet pas, dans certains cas, de dépasser l'intime conviction des uns et des autres, mais, pour l'instant, la réflexion doit continuer à se développer. Cette réflexion ne peut qu'être facilitée par les livres parus ces dernières années sur la Cappadoce qui permettent à la fois à leurs auteurs de développer de manière plus systématique leurs points de vue et de retrouver plus facilement une bibliographie largement dispersée en attendant que les instruments de travail électroniques soient autant au point dans les études byzantines que dans des domaines voisins. (shrink)

_Melanie Klein and Marcelle Spira: Their Correspondence and Context__ _includes 45 letters Melanie Klein wrote to the Swiss psychoanalyst Marcelle Spira between 1955 and 1960, as well as six rough drafts from Spira. They were discovered in Spira’s library after her death in 2006. As only a few of the letters that Klein wrote to her colleagues have been preserved, this moving, historically important correspondence sheds new light upon the last five years of Klein’s creative life. The common theme of (...) the letters is their discussion of the French translation of _The Psycho-Analysis of Children_ by Boulanger in collaboration with Spira. The translation, first undertaken by Lacan, went through many ups and downs until it was published in 1959 by the Presses Universitaires de France. Klein also discusses her current work, in particular _Envy and Gratitude_. She encourages her pioneering Swiss colleague Spira to be patient in the face of the resistance shown towards Kleinian thinking. Identifying herself to some extent with her younger follower, Klein reveals a very touching autobiographical account of the difficulties that she herself had encountered in her work and how she overcame them. In _Melanie Klein and Marcelle Spira: Their Correspondence and Context_, Jean-Michel Quinodoz brings together these important letters. This rare collection of their correspondence is a valuable contribution to the history of psychoanalysis and will be essential reading for psychoanalysts, trainee psychoanalysts and lay readers with an interest in the work of Klein and Spira. (shrink)

Retention of structure across theory change has been invoked in support of a ‘structural’ alternative to more traditional entity-based scientific realism. In that context the transition from Newtonian mechanics to the Special Theory of Relativity is often regarded as a very significant instance of structural preservation, or retention, associated with correspondence-based recovery. The joint derivation, from a small set of elementary and ontologically neutral assumptions, of both the Galilei and the Lorentz transformation exemplifies the virtues of structural approaches to the (...) foundations of physical theories. The common origination of the resulting two relativistic frameworks sheds light on both the successes and the limitations of correspondence claims. However, the cognitive-operational character of the basic assumptions lends no support to the structural realist’s ‘inference to the best explanation’. (shrink)

Violence works at the same time as what we find in the world according to our best description of reality, and as what we fight and reject, hoping for a more peaceful world. It may also be what we recommend, as the only way to change things, or even what we celebrate, as the key resource of true art. Sometimes we even think that adequate theory arises from violence against given paradigms. How can it be so? Do we really understand (...) what we refer to when we speak about violence? (shrink)

Michèle Stanton-Jean | : Le bien commun est un concept fréquemment utilisé pour aborder la question du vivre ensemble. Rarement défini, on l’utilise pour le critiquer comme le fruit d’une vision occidentale et chrétienne non applicable sur le plan universel ou encore pour en proposer une vision moderne affranchie de sa rigidité traditionnelle. Le texte qui suit se base sur une thèse qui a examiné les principes et les valeurs qui pourraient fonder une vision renouvelée du bien commun, susceptible (...) d’être utilisée dans tous les contextes culturels et historiques, en prenant comme exemple l’élaboration de la Déclaration universelle sur la bioéthique et les droits de l’homme adoptée à la conférence générale de l’UNESCO en 2005. | : Common good is frequently mentioned to discuss how we can live together. Rarely defined, it is often described as a concept based on a Western and Christian vision that cannot be applied universally, or as a concept that could be revisited to develop a modern and non-rigid vision of it. The following text is based on a PhD thesis that studied what principles and values could contribute to the development of a renewed vision of common good that could be used in every cultural and historical context, taking as an example the elaboration of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights adopted at the General Conference of UNESCO in 2005. (shrink)

Acknowledging that he cannot speak about the future of Theory without taking stock of its past, Rabaté starts by sketching its genealogy, particularly its ...

Comment comprendre que nous puissions avoir conscience de notre vie affective? Si l’on prend au sérieux les analyses de Michel Henry, cette expérience commune devrait être impossible. Si c’est la vie et l’expérience qui doivent nous servir de guides, alors il faut intégrer les acquis incontournables de la phénoménologie matérielle et la dépasser.

L'ENSEMBLE DE L'OEUVRE DE LOCKE EST ICI RELU A PARTIR DE LA PRATIQUE. SOUS CET ECLAIRAGE, LES ANALYSES DE LA CONNAISSANCE SPECULATIVE DEVIENNENT DES MODELES POUR LA CONSTITUTION D'UN SAVOIR PROBABLE, QUI N'ATTEINT QUE L'ASSURANCE, ET CE PAR L'APPROXIMATION D'HYPOTHESES EPARSES LOINTAINEMENT CALQUEES SUR LE MODELE DE LA COMPOSITION DU SAVOIR CERTAIN. LE NATUREL REVET AINSI LA FORME D'UNE GENESE TYPIQUE RACONTEE, AU LIEU DE L'IMPOSITION D'UN FONDEMENT STATIQUE ET IMMEDIAT ; LA NATUREL EST ARTIFICIELLEMENT CONSTITUE PAR LA RAISON, PUIS (...) PROJETE AUX ORIGINES, AFIN D'EXPLIQUER, DE CRITIQUER OU DE JUSTIFIER L'ACTUEL. CETTE INTERPRETATION DE L'ENSEMBLE DE L'OEUVRE DE LOCKE EST ELABOREE EN PREMIERE PARTIE A PARTIR DU STATUT DE LA LOI NATURELLE ; ELLE ETENDUE ET CONFIRMEE EN DEUXIEME PARTIE PAR L'EXAMENT DES AUTRES CHAMPS DE LA PENSEE DE LOCKE : LA LINGUISTIQUE ET LA THEORIE DE L'IDEE, L'HERMENEUTIQUE, LA POLITIQUE, L'EDUCATION ET ENFIN L'ECONOMIE. (shrink)

This paper praises Martin Hägglund for his general take on Derrida, while objecting to a certain rigidity in the use of the concept of survival. This concept allowed Hägglund to reject the temptation of a ‘religious’ Derrida in Radical Atheism, but in Dying for Time, it leads to a hurried reading of psychoanalysis. My objections revolve around several forms: the role of gods for Plato and Greek thought; the reductive reading of Diotima's speech in the Sympoisum, and an all too (...) rapid rejection of the idea of the Todestrieb in Freud and Lacan. I go back to Derrida's reading of Freud in The Postcard to point out that he too had misread Freud's Beyond the Pleasure Principle. Finally, I argue that there can be something like a non-proper or improper immortality. (shrink)

There are at least two ways to dehumanize the world. The world can be dehumanized from the top or from the bottom. From the bottom up would mean letting a barbaric situation develop which would reduce us to an animal state. From the top down would mean striving to achieve and impose a wisdom appropriate to the angels. Two ways of ruining the sense of what is human. Neither angel nor animal, you will recognize there the ‘in-between’ which is the (...) site of humanity and which it is tempting, when it is threatened, to assert, for in this dehumanizing process - whether this is meant from the top or the bottom - we are the losers in both scenarios. We lose what makes humanity itself, in other words moderation, the in-between, finiteness, chance, the propensity to communicate. (shrink)

Etude sur le travail de Nicolas de Cuse (1401-1464), humaniste, précurseur de l'approche moderne du problème de la finitude et de son rapport universel, dont on célèbre cette année le six centième anniversaire.

L’article est une exploration systématique de la dualité des figures du Mind et du Geist, le premier étant entendu comme l’esprit en tant que partie de la nature scientifiquement objectivable, le second comme l’esprit en tant qu’acteur immatériel insaisissable de la pensée. De plus, cette dualité est étudiée du point de vue de l’interférence de la mathématique avec elle, dans plusieurs contextes. Sont ainsi successivement analysés : le conflit entre les deux « modèles » du Mind, le computationnaliste et le (...) dynamiciste; la définition philosophique et la définition épistémologique du Geist ; le jeu entre Mind et Geist dans les recherches cognitives contemporaines ; l’ambivalence de la logique et des mathématiques vis-à-vis de l’opposition Mind/Geist. Dans la partie finale, on propose une définition personnelle du Geist–en termes d’adresse et de sujet–dont dérive une détermination du Mind. Revenant sur ces nouvelles bases à l’interférence avec la mathématique, on conclut sur la question essentielle et délicate de la paramétrisation de la conscience. (shrink)