Ce que la postérité a retenu de Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel tient en une formule simple et cependant énigmatique : Hegel aurait prétendu achever la métaphysique en instituant un "idéalisme absolu", qui ne serait autre que l'expression éhontée d'un subjectivisme sans limite. Or, dans son oeuvre publiée (pour ne rien dire de ses cours), Hegel consacre des développements très détaillés à l'objectivité et à la connaissance empirique. Cela est vrai de la Logique, de la Philosophie de la Nature et de (...) la Philosophie de l'Esprit. Il s'en suit une série de questions. Que signifie l'expression "objectivité de la pensée" chez Hegel? S'agit-il de l'objectivité visée par la pensée ou de la réalité objective de la pensée elle-même? Le génitif est-il objectif ou subjectif? Et s'il était à la fois l'un et l'autre? A partir de ces questions, il s'agit de comprendre l'idéalisme hégélien dans son rapport au monde et d'interroger son actualité. Tels sont les enjeux qui sont au centre de ce recueil, qui réunit les contributions de spécialistes internationalement reconnus. (shrink)

Limitations of antiarrhythmic drugs on cardiac sudden death prevention appeared since the early 80's. The "Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial"(CAST) showed more recently that mortality was significantly higher inpatients treated with some particular antiarrhythmic drugs than in non-treated patients. In this field, our group recently demonstrated that a bolus of a Class 1B antiarrhythmic drug was able to trigger a ventricular fibrillation due to transient blocks induction. The aim of the present work was to systematically study, by use of the van (...) Capelle and Durrer (VCD) model which allows to simulate ventricular activation wave propagation, the link between arrhythmogenic effects and the ability of transient blocks to possibly degenerate in severe arrhythmias. A fragment of the ventricular wall is represented by an array of 16384elements electrically coupled. Effects of induction of one or several transient blocks, as the effects of their size and duration on possible induction of reentries have been studied. Results obtained show that various combinations between these different parameters may trigger reentries, ventricular tachycardia and/or more complex patterns assimilable to ventricular fibrillation. These results clearly evidence the fact that possible induction of transient blocks may directly be related to risk factor associated to arrhythmogenic effects of antiarrhythmic drugs. (shrink)

Es innegable que el pensamiento de Renaud Barbaras está en vías de dar nacimiento, en Francia, a un nuevo paradigma fenomenológico. Este artículo pretende discutir este paradigma desarrollando dos hipótesis. La primera es que, tras la expresión “cosmología fenomenológica” que él mismo utiliza para designarla y que en sí misma no está desprovista de ambigüedad (si “cosmos” significa “mundo”, en el fondo toda fenomenología se presenta como una “cosmología”), se oculta un giro fenomenológico demasiado poco advertido, y que Ricoeur (...) ya había diagnosticado en su lectura de Dufrenne: el giro de una fenomenología de la conciencia -o del Dasein- a una fenomenología de la naturaleza -o de la physis- que obliga a redefinir a fondo sus coordenadas conceptuales. La segunda es que, al instituir tal paradigma, la obra misma de Renaud Barbaras, por sus sutiles evoluciones, nos permite captar sus dificultades o ambigüedades, y al hacerlo, nos permite heredarla de manera crítica. (shrink)

BioéthiqueOnline was launched in March 2012 as a non-peer reviewed journal with the aim of providing a platform to facilitate and encourage the development of a bilingual bioethics community in Canada and internationally. In light of discussions amongst the Editorial Committee over the past few months regarding the growth of the journal, we have decided to move to a peer-reviewed process for articles submitted to the journal.

En 1990, s'est tenu a Lyon le premier colloque explicitement consacré à Henri Maldiney. L'idée était de lui donner la parole, mais seulement après avoir entendu quelques-uns de ses anciens étudiants et de ses plus proches amis (Jacques Schotte, André du Bouchet, Roland Kuhn), réunis autour de questions centrales pour chacun d'eux. Encre Marine a publié les meilleures pages provenant de ces journées dans Existence : crise et création. En 2012, Henri Maldiney a eu cent ans. L'Association Internationale Henri Maldiney (...) (AIHM) a réuni un colloque d'une journée à Lyon organisé avec la Faculté de Philosophie de l'Université Jean-Moulin, là où Henri Maldiney a longtemps enseigné (dont les actes sont à paraître) et un autre de deux journées à Paris, rue d'Ulm, là où Henri Maldiney a été étudiant, organisé avec les Archives Husserl. Les contributions ici réunies montrent comment l'oeuvre de Maldiney est aujourd'hui lue à la fois par quelques-uns qui accompagnent son travail depuis longtemps déjà et par de tout nouveaux lecteurs - ce qui témoigne de la diffusion de sa pensée. Certains ont pu dire que, désormais, on peut lire Henri Maldiney "comme un classique". La reprise du texte de Maldiney Existence : crise et création " montre que décidément, même dans le retrait lié au grand âge, Henri Maldiney continue, à travers son oeuvre, d'exercer une singulière présence. (shrink)

Renaud, the illuminator. Renaud, the chronicler. “JXR” is not exactly recording facts and documents, although he often paints on the basis of “found images,” taking digital photos he collects from websites as a basis for his own work. He is not an archivist either, although he uses collage and routinely incorporates pictures or logotypes into his digital drawings. The chronicling work remains. In Renaud’s oeuvre, the times are being shown in all their glorious stupidity. An optimist nevertheless, (...) the artist exhibits through the grotesque dehiscence of the ordinary the raw nature of survival. By his alliance of artistic métier and critical force, of iconoclastic crudeness and reflection on society, of laughter and precision, Renaud’s art is undoubtedly related to that of Honoré Daumier, George Grosz, or Philip Guston. JXR has in common with all three painters that he excels at displaying the ridicule of adventitious grandeur and the vulgarity of the norm. (shrink)

A recently emerging view in music cognition holds that music is not only social and participatory in its production, but also in its perception, i.e. that music is in fact perceived as the sonic trace of social rela- tions between a group of real or virtual agents. While this view appears compatible with a number of intriguing music cognitive phenomena, such as the links between beat entrainment and prosocial behaviour or between strong musical emotions and empathy, direct evidence is lacking (...) that listeners are at all able to use the acoustic features of a musical interaction to infer the affiliatory or controlling nature of an underlying social intention. We created a novel experimental situation in which we asked expert music improvisers to communicate 5 types of non-musical social intentions, such as being domineering, dis- dainful or conciliatory, to one another solely using musical interaction. Using a combination of decoding studies, computational and psychoacoustical analyses, we show that both musically-trained and non musically-trained listeners can recognize relational intentions encoded in music, and that this social cognitive ability relies, to a sizeable extent, on the information processing of acoustic cues of temporal and harmonic coordination that are not present in any one of the musicians’ channels, but emerge from the dynamics of their interaction. By manipulating these cues in two-channel audio recordings and testing their impact on the social judgements of non-musician observers, we finally establish a causal relationship between the affiliation dimension of social behaviour and musical harmonic coordination on the one hand, and between the control dimension and musical temporal coordination on the other hand. These results provide novel mechanistic insights not only into the social cognition of musical interactions, but also into that of non-verbal interactions as a whole. (shrink)

_Winner of the 2010 Sigourney Award!_ How has Hanna Segal influenced psychoanalysis today? Jean-Michel Quinodoz provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of Segal's life, her clinical and theoretical work, and her contribution to psychoanalysis over the past sixty years by combining actual biographical and conceptual interviews with Hanna Segal herself or with colleagues who have listened to Segal in various contexts. _Listening to Hanna Segal_ explores both Segal's personal and professional histories, and the interaction between the two. The (...) book opens with an autobiographical account of Segal's life, from her birth in Poland to her analysis with Melanie Klein in London where she became the youngest member of the British Psychoanalytical Society. Quinodoz goes on to explain Segal's contributions in various fields of psychoanalysis including: the psychoanalytic treatment of psychotic patients the introduction of the "symbolic equation" aesthetics and the creative impulse the analysis of elderly patients introducing the work of Melanie Klein. Quinodoz concludes by examining Segal's most recent contribution to psychoanalysis - exploring nuclear terror, psychotic anxieties, and group phenomena. Throughout the interviews Segal speaks of her close relationships with prominent colleagues such as Klein, Rosenfeld, and Bion, making this book both a valuable contribution to the history of psychoanalysis and an indication of the evolution of psychoanalytic ideas over the past six decades. This clear summary of Hanna Segal's life and her contribution to psychoanalysis will be an essential guide to anyone studying Segal and her contemporaries. (shrink)

This paper proposes a synthetic presentation of the proof construction paradigm, which underlies most of the research and development in the so-called “logic programming” area. Two essential aspects of this paradigm are discussed here: true non-determinism and partial information. A new formulation of Focussing, the basic property used to deal with non-determinism in proof construction, is presented. This formulation is then used to introduce a general constraint-based technique capable of dealing with partial information in proof construction. One of the baselines (...) of the paper is to avoid to rely on syntax to describe the key mechanisms of the paradigm. In fact, the bipolar decomposition of formulas captures their main structure, which can then be directly mapped into a sequent system that uses only atoms. This system thus completely “dissolves” the syntax of the formulas and retains only their behavioural content as far as proof construction is concerned. One step further is taken with the so-called “abstract” proofs, which dissolves in a similar way the specific tree-like syntax of the proofs themselves and retains only what is relevant to proof construction. (shrink)

Jean Gabbert Harrell argues persuasively in her book, Soundtracks, that aesthetic theories have often been deficient because they have tried to be too inclusive. That is, the experience of music is profoundly different from that of painting, for instance, and that it is wrong to compare them. Her reasoning for this viewpoint is based in part on a recognition that auditory perception is fully developed in humans prior to either visual or significant tactual perception, bringing a genetic, developmental aspect (...) to her discussion. In its genetic orientation toward sensory development and its concentration exclusively on auditory perception, Soundtracks provides an argument against the relativism of aesthetic judgment in auditory art that has never before been suggested. (shrink)

An important topic in the evolution of language is the kinds of grammars that can be computed by humans and other animals. Fitch and Hauser () approached this question by assessing the ability of different species to learn 2 grammars, (AB)n and An Bn. An Bn was taken to indicate a phrase structure grammar, eliciting a center‐embedded pattern. (AB)n indicates a grammar whose strings entail only local relations between the categories of constituents. F&H's data suggest that humans, but not tamarin (...) monkeys, learn an An Bn grammar, whereas both learn a simpler (AB)n grammar (). In their experiments, the A constituents were syllables pronounced by a female voice, whereas the B constituents were syllables pronounced by a male voice. This study proposes that what characterizes the An Bn exemplars is the distributional regularities of the syllables pronounced by either a male or a female rather than the underlying, more abstract patterns. This article replicates F&H's data and reports new controls using either categories similar to those in F&H or less salient ones. This article shows that distributional regularities explain the data better than grammar learning. Indeed, when familiarized with An Bn exemplars, participants failed to discriminate A3 B2 and A2 B3 from An Bn items, missing the crucial feature that the number of As must equal the number of Bs. Therefore, contrary to F&H, this study concludes that no syntactic rules implementing embedded nonadjacent dependencies were learned in these experiments. The difference between human linguistic abilities and the putative precursors in monkeys deserves further exploration. (shrink)

The obsession is pursued of a word, a sign, a thought that is identical with the thing it signifies, where there is no space between the two. And the nightmare is entertained that, if such an identity is not attained, then intellectual work in general is worth nothing and should be destroyed.

The ontology of Stoic causes and effects was clearly anti-platonic, since the Stoics did not want to admit that any incorporeal entity could have an effect. However, by asserting that any cause was the cause of an incorporeal effect, they returned to Plato’s syntax of causes in the Sophist, whose doctrine of the asymmetry of nouns and verbs identified names with the agents and verbs with the actions. The ontological asymmetry of causes and effects blocked the multiplication of causes by (...) reducing it to an efficient cause. However, while ontology and syntax merged into the doctrine of the effect as an incorporeal predicate, this was further complicated by a relational description of a cause as the effect of a body on a body and by the distinction of causes. Since there are different kinds of causes, not every kind of cause has the same syntactical role in the nexus of causal relations. This refinement of the original syntactical model presumably allowed the Stoics to give a more coherent view of human action than is usually assumed. (shrink)

1. L'Être et le néant. Critique de la raison dialectique.

Modern science has qualified human beings as homo sapiens. Is there a serious scientific theory backing this nomenclature? And can we proclaim ourselves as wise? The classical rational animals characterization has apparently the same syntactic form but it is not working exactly in the same way. Moreover the semantics behind is more appropriate, encompassing a pivotal ambiguity. In the second part of the paper, we further delve into this ambiguity, relating rationality with three fundamental features of these creatures: ability to (...) laugh, sexuality and transformation. (shrink)

Graphical AbstractCurrent differentiation therapies for cancer may not be effective because it might not be enough to only use molecules targeting chromatin remodelers. It may also be necessary to stabilize the re-expressed genes to convert malignant cells into benign ones.

This view encouraged theorists to consider artistic geniuses the high-priests of humanity, creators of works that reveal the invisible essence of the world."--BOOK JACKET.

Que vaut le connaître humain? Telle est la question que ce présent texte essaie de traiter, en évitant à la fois les écueils du scepticisme et du dogmatisme, et en s'appuyant sur l'histoire et la sociologie des méthodes de recherche qu'utilisent les chercheurs et les scientifiques. Grâce à la notion de réalisme critique, l'auteur soutient une position dynamique sur l'exploration du vrai. En affirmant ainsi qu'il n'y a que du "provisoirement vrai", c'est un optimisme prudent et circonspect de la rationalité (...) humaine que ce texte nous invite à développer. (shrink)

These were, following an interminable silence, the first words spoken by the heads of Jean-Louis Barrault and Madeleine Renaud, as they barely emerged from their respective trash cans—words which Samuel Beckett addressed to Parisian audiences shortly after World War II.

Aux initiatives actuelles pour tenter de faire de la musique avec l’intelligence artificielle, par exemple de Google ou des équipes d’Elon Musk, il manque l’essentiel : l’intention artistique et le feedback émotionnel. Telle est l’analyse de Jean-Claude Heudin, chercheur en intelligence artificielle et sciences de la complexité, mais aussi musicien et compositeur qui travaille sur un projet d’IA pour la musique électronique : Angelia.

At the heart of this volume is the assertion that Sartrean existentialism, most prominent in the 1940s, particularly in France, is still relevant as a way of ...

Jean Maurais Le terme hébreu pānîm est notamment employé pour dénoter le visage, mais aussi pour former des prépositions complexes (« en présence de ») ou des tournures idiomatiques (« lever le visage de »). Ces expressions ont occasionné de nombreux défis aux traducteurs de la Septante. L’examen d’une variété d’exemples tirés du Pentateuque grec révèle un certain nombre d’innovations linguistiques impliquant le terme prosôpon. De même, les endroits où l’équivalence avec prosôpon est parfois évitée, soit pour des considérations (...) linguistiques ou idéologiques, sont aussi d’intérêt. Lorsqu’il est question de Dieu, certaines tournures de l’hébreu semblent avoir été consciemment reformulées. Les traducteurs révèlent ainsi leur créativité pour résoudre des noeuds théologiques pour leurs lecteurs. (shrink)

Jean-Marc Coicaud's article begins by stressing the contemporary importance and the current trend of political apology. Recent political apologies offered in Australia and Canada to their indigenous populations form a significant part of this story. He then analyzes a number of intriguing paradoxes at the core of the dynamics of apology. These paradoxes give meaning to apology but also make the very idea of apology extremely challenging. They have to do with the relationships of apology with time, law and (...) the unforgivable. The most intriguing of these paradoxes concerns apology and the unforgivable. Indeed, the greater the wrong, the more valuable the apology. But, then, the more difficult it becomes to issue and to accept an apology. This latter paradox is namely examined in the context of mass crimes, taken from Europe, Africa and Asia. As a whole these paradoxes are all the more intriguing considering what apology in a political context aims to accomplish, for the actor who issues the apology, for the one who receives it, for their relationship, and for the social environment in which this takes place. Jean-Marc Coicaud concludes his article by outlining what the rise of apology means for contemporary political culture. (shrink)

Résumé Cet article se propose de proposer les conditions d’une confrontation entre la phénoménologie de la donation de Jean-Luc Marion et l’ontologie de la vie de Renaud Barbaras. Cela suppose d’établir un certain plan de convergence à propos du projet d’une description de l’apparaître pur, de la méthode et de la conception “événementiale” du phénomène et du sujet afin de faire valoir une divergence quant à la question de la naissance transcendantale du sujet.This paper aims at giving the (...) conditions of a confrontation between the phenomenology of the givenness of Jean-Luc Marion and the ontology of life of Renaud Barbaras. The project of the description of the appearing as such, the method, the “evential” conception of the phenomenon and the subject may constitute a plane of convergence previous to putting emphasis on a divergence between them about the question of the transcendental birth of the subject. (shrink)

During the phony war that preceded the invasion of France, between late 1939 and the summer of 1940, the young Jean-Paul Sartre was stationed in his native Alsace as part of a meteorological unit. He used his considerable periods of spare time, between mundane duties like watching weather balloons, to make a series of notes on philosophy, literature, politics, history and autobiography that anticipate the themes of his later masterpieces, and often surpass them in literary verve and directness. These (...) War Diaries form a portrait of Sartre in his most intense and brilliant phase. With them the twentieth century's most remarkable and public philosopher has provided us with a fitting posthumous monument to his honest and creativity. (shrink)

From the seventh to the fourteenth century, the Muslim world’s key actors were free peasants working limited and scattered cultivated areas, whose communities paid heavy taxes. A distinct nomadic mode of production dominated the arid lands and their warlike pastoral tribes. Wealthy merchants and artisans controlled urban ideological production, living next to actual ruling classes, who drew exceptional material privileges from their proximity to the state. Since the latter’s status contradicted the contractual community’s values, political power was socially alienated and (...) needed support from paid soldiers and often co-opted religious notables. The author describes Islamic social formations as real flesh-and-blood beings who developed original features on the same tributary mode of production’s skeleton. He shows that comparable dialectical oppositions enlivened them, stemming from uneven and combined development processes. Thus, their states and villages, barren lands and city markets, contractual ideology and monarchical powers were permanently in conflictual interaction. (shrink)