Results for 'Jutta Wester'

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  1. Dimensiones y retos de una educación para la responsabilidad ciudadana.Jutta H. Wester - 2008 - Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana 13 (42):55-69.
    Con el fin de discutir las relaciones entre ética, política y educación, el presente artículo analizala crisis del sistema educativo argentino a partir de una categoría ética: la responsabilidad. Más específicamente, se intenta delinear algunos de los retos a los que una educación para la responsabi..
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  2.  6
    Bien común en sociedades democráticas.Jutta Wester, Gabriela Müller & Lilián Martella (eds.) - 2011 - Río Cuarto, República Argentina: Ediciones del ICALA.
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  3.  17
    La razón en tiempos difíciles: homenaje a Dorando J. Michelini.Aníbal Fornari, Carlos Pérez Zavala & Jutta Wester (eds.) - 2010 - Río Cuarto, RA: Fundación ICALA.
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  4.  89
    Conscientious Objection by Health Care Professionals.Gry Wester - 2015 - Philosophy Compass 10 (7):427-437.
    Certain health care services and goods, although legal and often generally accepted in a society, are by some considered morally problematic. Debates on conscientious objection in health care try to resolve whether and when physicians, nurses and pharmacists should be allowed to refuse to provide medical services and goods because of their ethical or religious beliefs. These debates have most often focused on issues such as how to balance the interests of patients and health care professionals, and the compatibility of (...)
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  5.  34
    The ethics of grandfather clauses in healthcare resource allocation.Gry Wester, Leah Zoe Gibson Rand, Christine Lu & Mark Sheehan - 2021 - Bioethics 35 (2):151-160.
    A grandfather clause is a provision whereby an old rule continues to apply to some existing situation while a new rule applies to all future cases. This paper focuses on the use of grandfather clauses in health technology appraisals (HTAs) issued by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom. NICE provides evidence‐based guidance on healthcare technologies and public health interventions that influence resource allocation decisions in the National Health Service (NHS) and the broader public (...)
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  6.  72
    When Are Health Inequalities Unfair?Gry Wester - 2018 - Public Health Ethics 11 (3):346-355.
    The unfairness of health inequalities depends on the more fundamental question of the relationship between justice in health and distributive justice more generally. In this article, I discuss some constraints on how health should be incorporated in a theory of justice and their implications for when health inequalities can be considered to be unfair. I argue against adopting separate distributive principles for health, and in favour of conceiving justice in health as interrelated with, and contingent on, justice in the distribution (...)
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  7. The Social Gradient in Health: How Fair Retirement could make a Difference.G. Wester & J. Wolff - 2010 - Public Health Ethics 3 (3):272-281.
    Social inequalities in health in the UK persist despite attempts to reduce them. We argue that work and pensions constitutes an area of intervention where there is potential to make change happen. We propose that workers who are exposed to significant health risks through their occupation should be allowed to draw their state pension earlier, based on a minimum number of years in the workforce. We model this proposal on similar policies in other European countries. In our modification, the pension (...)
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  8.  53
    Reading Kant against Himself: Arendt and the Appropriation of Enlarged Mentality.Matthew Wester - 2018 - Arendt Studies 2:193-214.
    In this paper, I examine Hannah Arendt’s notion of “enlarged mentality.” I use a close textual exposition of enlarged mentality in Arendt’s writings in order to offer an interpretation of Denktagebuch Notebook XXII, in which Arendt initially sketched her political interpretation of the Critique of Judgment. I maintain that a close examination of enlarged mentality—particularly as it appears in Arendt’s notebooks—answers basic questions about Arendt’s appropriation of Kant’s third Critique that have eluded scholarly commentators. In this paper, I seek to (...)
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  9.  40
    The Social Gradient in Health: Missed Opportunities or Unjust Inequalities?Gry Wester - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics 15 (3):60-62.
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  10.  60
    Towards theoretically robust evidence on health equity: a systematic approach to contextualising equity-relevant randomised controlled trials.Gry Wester, Kristine Bærøe & Ole Frithjof Norheim - 2019 - Journal of Medical Ethics 45 (1):54-59.
    Reducing inequalities in health and the determinants of health is a widely acknowledged health policy goal, and methods for measuring inequalities and inequities in health are well developed. Yet, the evidence base is weak for how to achieve these goals. There is a lack of high-quality randomised controlled trials reporting impact on the distribution of health and non-health benefits and lack of methodological rigour in how to design, power, measure, analyse and interpret distributional impact in RCTs. Our overarching aim in (...)
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  11.  13
    An Action Theoretical Frame of Reference for the Study of TV News Use.Fred Wester & Karsten Renckstorf - 1999 - Communications 24 (1):39-60.
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  12.  14
    On the Use of Television News: Routines in Watching the News.Fred Wester, Karsten Renckstorf & Ruben Konig - 1998 - Communications 23 (4):505-526.
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  13.  13
    The ‘Media Use as Social Action’ Approach: Theory, Methodology, and Research Evidence So Far.Fred Wester & Karsten Renckstorf - 2001 - Communications 26 (4):389-420.
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  14.  58
    Revisiting Discovery and Justification: Historical and Philosophical Perspectives on the Context Distinction.Jutta Schickore & Friedrich Steinle (eds.) - 2006 - Springer.
    This volume thus clears the ground for the productive and fruitful integration of these new developments into philosophy of science.
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  15.  18
    Measuring the complexity of viewers’ television news interpretation: Differentation.Fred Wester, Karsten Renckstorf, Ruben Konig & Gabi Schaap - 2005 - Communications 30 (4):459-475.
    If television news viewers are conceived as active audience members, their interpretations should be a crucial factor in the study of the ‘effects’ of television news. Here, viewers’ interpretations are understood as subjective constructions of a news item. In a previous contribution, we argued that interpretations can vary both within and between viewers in regard to the level of complexity. Complexity is the degree to which interpretations are a) differentiated, and b) integrated. In this contribution, we will operationalize the concept (...)
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  16.  22
    Health, Health Care, and Equality of Opportunity: The Rationale for Universal Health Care.Gry Wester - 2023 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 32 (1):26-33.
    This article discusses what arguments best support universal health care (UHC), with a focus on Norman Daniels’ equality of opportunity account. This justification for UHC hinges on the assumption of a close relationship between health care and health. But in light of empirical research that suggests that health outcomes are shaped to a large extent by factors other than health care, such as income, education, housing, and working conditions, the question arises to what extent health care is really necessary to (...)
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  17.  72
    Cortical Plasticity After Surgical Tendon Transfer in Tetraplegics.Knut Wester, Leiv M. Hove, Roger Barndon, Alexander R. Craven & Kenneth Hugdahl - 2018 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12.
  18.  27
    Conceptualizing television news interpretation by its viewers: The concept of interpretive complexity.Fred Wester, Karsten Renckstorf & Gabi Schaap - 2005 - Communications 30 (3):269-291.
    In recent years many scholars seem to agree that viewers’ interpretations play a prominent role in the influence of television news. However, a clear concept of ‘interpretation’ is still missing. This article proposes to conceptualize interpretation as the ‘representation’ of a news item as constructed and reported by a news viewer. More specifically, we look at this representation in terms of its complexity. Two aspects are important: first, the fundamental elements viewers use in their interpretation, and second, how the viewer (...)
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  19.  8
    Die handlungstheoretische Perspektive empirischer (Massen-) Kommunikationsforschung. Theoretischer Ansatz, methodische Implikationen und forschungspraktische Konsequenzen.Fred Wester & Karsten Renckstorf - 1992 - Communications 17 (2):177-196.
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  20.  21
    Ending Wars Well.F. Eric Wester - 2012 - Journal of Military Ethics 11 (4):368-371.
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  21.  24
    Measuring the complexity of viewers' television news interpretation: Integration.Fred Wester, Karsten Renckstorf, Ruben Konig & Gabi Schaap - 2008 - Communications 33 (2):211-232.
    Although interpretation is often considered a vital factor in the effects of news, its conceptualization and operationalization have been problematic. In this study, interpretation is defined in terms of the structural attribute of complexity. In a previous contribution, one aspect of interpretive complexity, differentiation, was operationalized and measured to test the usefulness of the concept in news research. This follow-up study introduces a method for measuring and analyzing a second aspect of interpretive complexity: Integration. Whereas differentiation represents the broadness of (...)
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  22.  20
    Patterns in Television News Use.Fred Wester, Karsten Renckstorf & Ruben Konig - 2001 - Communications 26 (4):421-442.
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  23.  40
    The Extinction of Conscientious Objectors in the Armed Forces?Franklin Eric Wester - 2015 - Journal of Military Ethics 14 (2):107-112.
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  24.  22
    The social character of parental and adolescent television viewing: An event history analysis.Fred Wester, Jan Lammers, Karsten Renckstorf & Henk Westerik - 2007 - Communications 32 (4):389-415.
    The amount of time that people spend on watching television is a matter of social concern. In the past, several approaches have been developed explaining why people expose themselves to television, most notably the Uses and Gratifications approach. Building on an action theoretical framework, it is argued that the influence of routinization and situational context of television viewing should receive more attention. This approach is then applied to media use in households, with an emphasis on how adolescents and parents influence (...)
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  25.  15
    (1 other version)Transcending Uses and Gratifications: Media use as social action and the use of event history analysis.Fred Wester, Jan Lammers, Karsten Renckstorf & Henk Westerik - 2006 - Communications 31 (2):139-153.
    It is argued that since its institutionalization in the 1970s, Uses and Gratifications research has been heavily influenced by applied economic theories about Expectancy Value and Subjective Expected Utility. Underlying these theories are assumptions about the acting individual having full mastery of situations. This idea is contrasted with the way in which action theory portrays action. Here, mastery of situations is not assumed at forehand, but depends on the situation and is something that has to be achieved. Action theories further (...)
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  26.  17
    Television viewing and the temporal organization of daily life in households: A multilevel analysis.Fred Wester, Karsten Renckstorf, Jan Lammers & Frank Huysmans - 2000 - Communications 25 (4):357-370.
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  27. More Thoughts on HPS: Another 20 Years Later.Jutta Schickore - 2011 - Perspectives on Science 19 (4):453-481.
    This essay offers some reflections on the recent history of the disputes about the relation between history and philosophy of science (HPS) and the merits and prospects of HPS as an intellectual endeavor. As everyone knows, the issue was hotly debated in the 1960s and 1970s. That was the hey-day of the slogan "history without philosophy of science is blind, philosophy without history of science is empty" as well as of the many variations on the theme of HPS as a (...)
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  28.  58
    Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition.Jutta Joormann & Ian H. Gotlib - 2010 - Cognition and Emotion 24 (2):281-298.
    Depression is a disorder of impaired emotion regulation. Consequently, examining individual differences in the habitual use of emotion-regulation strategies has considerable potential to inform models of this debilitating disorder. The aim of the current study was to identify cognitive processes that may be associated with the use of emotion-regulation strategies and to elucidate their relation to depression. Depression has been found to be associated with difficulties in cognitive control and, more specifically, with difficulties inhibiting the processing of negative material. We (...)
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  29. Scientific Discovery.Jutta Schickore - 2012 - In Ed Zalta (ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford, CA: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
     
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  30.  30
    A life-span theory of control.Jutta Heckhausen & Richard Schulz - 1995 - Psychological Review 102 (2):284-304.
  31.  52
    “Exploratory experimentation” as a probe into the relation between historiography and philosophy of science.Jutta Schickore - 2016 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 55:20-26.
  32.  37
    A motivational theory of life-span development.Jutta Heckhausen, Carsten Wrosch & Richard Schulz - 2010 - Psychological Review 117 (1):32-60.
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  33. Relational equality and health.Kristin Voigt & Gry Wester - 2015 - Social Philosophy and Policy 31 (2):204-229.
    Political philosophers have become increasingly interested in questions of justice as applied to health. Much of this literature works from a distributive understanding of justice. In the recent debate, however, ‘relational’ egalitarians have proposed a different way of conceptualising equality, which focuses on the quality of social relations among citizens and/or how social institutions ‘treat’ citizens. This paper explores some implications of a relational approach to health, with particular focus on health care, health inequalities and health policy. While the relational (...)
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  34.  31
    Attentional bias in dysphoria: The role of inhibitory processes.Jutta Joormann - 2004 - Cognition and Emotion 18 (1):125-147.
  35.  60
    The Structure and Function of Experimental Control in the Life Sciences.Jutta Schickore - 2019 - Philosophy of Science 86 (2):203-218.
    This article presents a new framework for the analysis of experimental control. The framework highlights different functions for experimental controls in the realization of an experiment: experimental controls that serve as tests and experimental controls that serve as probes. The approach to experimental control proposed here can illuminate the constitutive role of controls in knowledge production, and it sheds new light on the notion of exploratory experimentation. It also clarifies what can and what cannot be expected from reviewers of scientific (...)
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  36.  55
    Emotion regulation in depression: Examining the role of cognitive processes.Jutta Joormann & Catherine D'Avanzato - 2010 - Cognition and Emotion 24 (6):913-939.
    Sustained negative affect is a hallmark feature of depressive episodes. The ability to regulate emotional responses to negative events may therefore play a critical role in our understanding of this debilitating disorder. Individual differences in cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and interpretation may underlie difficulties in emotion regulation and numerous studies have identified cognitive biases and deficits that characterise depressed people. Few studies, however, have explicitly linked these biases to the difficulties in emotion regulation that are associated with depression. (...)
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  37.  93
    “It might be this, it should be that…” uncertainty and doubt in day-to-day research practice.Jutta Schickore & Nora Hangel - 2019 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 9 (2):1-21.
    This paper examines how scientists conceptualize their research methodologies. Do scientists raise concerns about vague criteria and genuine uncertainties in experimental practice? If so, what sorts of issues do they identify as problematic? Do scientists acknowledge the presence of value judgments in scientific research, and do they reflect on the relation between epistemic and non-epistemic criteria for decisionmaking? We present findings from an analysis of qualitative interviews with 63 scientific researchers who talk about their views on good research practice. We (...)
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  38. Doing science, writing science.Jutta Schickore - 2008 - Philosophy of Science 75 (3):323-343.
    This article identifies a fundamental distinction in scientific practice: the mismatch between what scientists do and what they state they did when they communicate their findings in their publications. The insight that such a mismatch exists is not new. It was already implied in Hans Reichenbach's distinction between the contexts of discovery and justification, and it is taken for granted across the board in philosophy of science and science studies. But while there is general agreement that the mismatch exists, the (...)
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  39.  27
    Introduction: Revisiting the Context Distinction.Jutta Schickore & Friedrich Steinle - 2006 - In Jutta Schickore & Friedrich Steinle (eds.), Revisiting Discovery and Justification: Historical and Philosophical Perspectives on the Context Distinction. Springer. pp. 7--19.
  40.  63
    Learnability of Embedded Syntactic Structures Depends on Prosodic Cues.Jutta L. Mueller, Jörg Bahlmann & Angela D. Friederici - 2010 - Cognitive Science 34 (2):338-349.
    The ability to process center‐embedded structures has been claimed to represent a core function of the language faculty. Recently, several studies have investigated the learning of center‐embedded dependencies in artificial grammar settings. Yet some of the results seem to question the learnability of these structures in artificial grammar tasks. Here, we tested under which exposure conditions learning of center‐embedded structures in an artificial grammar is possible. We used naturally spoken syllable sequences and varied the presence of prosodic cues. The results (...)
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  41.  31
    Tracking and Targeting: Sociotechnologies of (In)security.Jutta Weber, Karolina Follis & Lucy Suchman - 2017 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 42 (6):983-1002.
    This introduction to the special issue of the same title sets out the context for a critical examination of contemporary developments in sociotechnical systems deployed in the name of security. Our focus is on technologies of tracking, with their claims to enable the identification of those who comprise legitimate targets for the use of violent force. Taking these claims as deeply problematic, we join a growing body of scholarship on the technopolitical logics that underpin an increasingly violent landscape of institutions, (...)
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  42.  89
    Using Multiple Means of Determination.Jutta Schickore & Klodian Coko - 2013 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 27 (3):295-313.
    This article examines a metaphilosophical issue, namely existing disagreements in philosophy of science about the significance of using multiple means of determination in scientific practice. We argue that this disagreement can, in part, be resolved by separating different questions that can be asked about the use of multiple means of determination, including the following: what can be concluded from the convergence of data or the convergence of claims about phenomena? Are the conclusions drawn from the convergence of data and of (...)
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  43.  63
    Explication Work for Science and Philosophy.Jutta Schickore - 2018 - Journal of the Philosophy of History 12 (2):191-211.
  44.  28
    Why and how science students in the United States think their peers cheat more frequently online: perspectives during the COVID-19 pandemic.Kristine L. Callis-Duehl, Emma R. Wester, Swapnil Moon, Jaskirat S. Sodhi, Ashish D. Borgaonkar, Christina M. Zambrano-Varghese, Deborah A. Lichti & Lisa L. Walsh - 2021 - International Journal for Educational Integrity 17 (1).
    Academic integrity establishes a code of ethics that transfers over into the job force and is a critical characteristic in scientists in the twenty-first century. A student’s perception of cheating is influenced by both internal and external factors that develop and change through time. For students, the COVID-19 pandemic shrank their academic and social environments onto a computer screen. We surveyed science students in the United States at the end of their first COVID-interrupted semester to understand how and why they (...)
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  45.  35
    Mess in Science and Wicked Problems.Jutta Schickore - 2020 - Perspectives on Science 28 (4):482-504.
    This paper discusses the claim that science is “messy.” Part I argues first, that a good portion of today’s discussions about messy science is just a portrayal of familiar features of science in new terms. In the paper, I refer to this as “messy science talk.” Second, Part I draws out rhetorical functions of messy science talk, namely the denigration of science in the popular media and the celebration of the maverick. Part II identifies one way in which it is (...)
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  46.  96
    ‘Through thousands of errors we reach the truth’—but how? On the epistemic roles of error in scientific practice.Jutta Schickore - 2005 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 36 (3):539-556.
    This essay is concerned with the epistemic roles of error in scientific practice. Usually, error is regarded as something negative, as an impediment or obstacle for the advancement of science. However, we also frequently say that we are learning from error. This common expression suggests that the role of error is not—at least not always—negative but that errors can make a fruitful contribution to the scientific enterprise. My paper explores the latter possibility. Can errors play an epistemically productive role in (...)
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  47.  31
    A Comparative Perspective on the Role of Acoustic Cues in Detecting Language Structure.Jutta L. Mueller, Carel ten Cate & Juan M. Toro - 2018 - Topics in Cognitive Science 12 (3):859-874.
    Mueller et al. discuss the role of acoustic cues in detecting language structure more generally. Across languages, there are clear links between acoustic cues and syntactic structure. They show that AGL experiments implementing analogous links demonstrate that prosodic cues, as well as various auditory biases, facilitate the learning of structural rules. Some of these biases, e.g. for auditory grouping, are also present in other species.
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  48.  25
    Methodological ideas in past experimental inquiry: rigor checks around 1800.Jutta Schickore - 2023 - Intellectual History Review 33 (2):267-286.
    This paper discusses two methodological notions, the concepts Gegenprobe (countercheck) and Gegenversuch (counter-trial), which were widely applied, discussed, relied upon, and defended in German-language writings about empirical inquiry. In the decades around 1800, they were common in physiology; medicine; agriculture; chemistry; various technologies, such as printing, metallurgy, and mining; accounting; and legal and political argumentation. The ubiquity of those concepts signals a broad concern with securing empirical findings and empirical knowledge. Gegenproben and Gegenversuche – the terms as well as the (...)
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  49.  41
    Rumination and intentional forgetting of emotional material.Jutta Joormann & Tanya B. Tran - 2009 - Cognition and Emotion 23 (6):1233-1246.
  50.  70
    The Significance of Re-Doing Experiments: A Contribution to Historically Informed Methodology.Jutta Schickore - 2011 - Erkenntnis 75 (3):325-347.
    This essay is a contribution to the history of methodological thought. I focus on key methodological criteria for successful experimentation, replication and multiple determinations of empirical evidence. Drawing on reports of experiments with viper venom from the late seventeenth and late eighteenth centuries, as well as on present-day methodological thought I examine whether past experimenters regarded repetition, replication, and multiple determinations as criteria for validity; what exactly they meant by this; what they hoped to gain by repeating, varying, triangulating, and (...)
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