First English translation of revolutionary paper that established that even in elementary parts of arithmetic, there are propositions which cannot be proved or disproved within the system. Introduction by R. B. Braithwaite.

We argue that we can avoid epistemic dilemmas by properly understanding the nature and epistemology of the suspension of judgment, with a particular focus on conflicts between higher-order evidence and first-order evidence.

Expressed emotion is a measure of the family environment that has been demonstrated to be a reliable, cross-culturally valid psychosocial predictor of relapse in patients with schizophrenia, mood disorders, and other — also somatic — illnesses. Assessed during the Camberwell Family Interview CFI, relatives are classified as being high in EE if they make more than a specified threshold number of critical comments or show any signs of hostility or marked emotional overinvolvement. In schizophrenia, the median relapse rate for patients (...) returning after hospital discharge to a high EE environment is 48%, compared with 21% in a low EE-environment. In this article, the history of EE research will be outlined, and the evidence for the association between family EE and the course of schizophrenia and mood disorders will be presented. Conclusions about the treatment of major mental disorders are discussed as well as the directions of future studies. (shrink)

Recent writers claim that responsibilist virtue epistemology courts skepticism, owing to the fact that most of us lack the virtues it deems necessary for justified belief and knowledge. A powerful version of this objection is the challenge from situationist social psychology pressed by Alfano (2012, 2013) and Olin and Doris (2014). This paper develops a new version of responsibilism that is immune from this objection, and shows that this view has many advantages over other forms of virtue epistemology. My responsibilism (...) dispenses with the ubiquitous but (I argue) mistaken idea that responsibilist virtue properties must be understood in terms of character traits. My view parallels an often overlooked form of virtue ethics suggested by Thomson (1997) that some situationists (e.g., Harman (2001)) have praised. That form shares with other forms the thought that virtue properties are normatively fundamental, but it adds that act-attaching ones are prior to person-attaching ones, and require no backing by character traits. Far from being an ad hoc retreat position, I argue that this view is independently attractive. (shrink)

Der Mathematiker Kurt Gödel hat über einen Zeitraum von 22 Jahren philosophische Bemerkungen niedergeschrieben. Sie sind in 15 Notizbüchern in der Kurzschrift Gabelsberger überliefert. Das erste Heft enthält allgemeine philosophische Überlegungen, die Hefte zwei und drei bestehen aus Gödels Individualethik. Die dann folgenden zeigen, dass Gödel eine Wissenschaftsphilosophie entworfen hat, in der er seine Erörterungen zu Physik, Psychologie, Biologie, Mathematik, Sprache, Theologie und Geschichte in den Kontext einer Metaphysik stellt. Erstmals wird nun an der Kurt-Gödel-Forschungsstelle der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie (...) der Wissenschaften eine vollständige, historisch-kritische Edition von Gödels Philosophischen Notizbüchern vorbereitet. Im Rahmen dieser Edition erscheint jährlich ein Band. Mit Notizbuch ›Maximen III‹ beginnt ein neuer Abschnitt in Gödels Philosophischen Notizbüchern. Das Verhältnis verschiedener Disziplinen zueinander wird ebenso beleuchtet wie ihre jeweilige Bedeutung sowohl für den denkenden und arbeitenden Wissenschaftler als auch für das Wissenssystem. Zu nennen sind hier insbesondere Psychologie, Mathematik und Theologie. Daneben finden sich Überlegungen zur Heuristik und zu wissenschaftlichen Methoden. Auch die Rolle grundlegender oder einfacher Begriffe für das Denken wird erkennbar. (shrink)

Annie Besant has rarely been identified as a philosopher. Her work as an ethicist has been obscured by the reaction of critics to her abandonment of Anglican Christianity for serial eng...

The initial volume of a comprehensive edition of Gödel's works, this book makes available for the first time in a single source all his publications from 1929 to 1936. The volume begins with an informative overview of Gödel's life and work and features facing English translations for all German originals, extensive explanatory and historical notes, and a complete biography. Volume 2 will contain the remainder of Gödel's published work, and subsequent volumes will include unpublished manuscripts, lectures, correspondence and extracts from (...) the notebooks. (shrink)

Faith and Knowledge in Early Buddhism. Jan T. Ergardt. E. J. Brill, Leiden 1977. xii + 182 pp. Gld 48.00.

Dieser Band ist der erste Teil einer Lekture von Hegels Phanomenologie des Geistes, in dem die ersten drei Hauptkapitel - d.h. -Bewusstsein-, -Selbstbewusstsein- und -Vernunft- - von Hegels erstem Hauptwerk umfassend kommentiert werden. Der Text entstand dabei wahrend eines uber viele Jahre laufenden Seminars, welches am Institut fur Philosophie der Universitat Wien unter Leitung von Professor Dr. Friedrich Grimmlinger abgehalten wurde und in dem der Hegelsche Text gemeinsam Satz fur Satz gelesen und ausgelegt wurde.".

ABSTRACTThis article pursues the question of the essence of Europe. It does not lie in the religious, cultural and geographical demarcations, but in the openness towards the other. The particular contribution of religion in this could lay in its apocalyptic tradition. This must not be understood as a violent end of history beset by fear. Rather it means the end of all virtual images and identities which serve to mask the fundamental vulnerability of man.