Im Discours sur l’inégalité führt Rousseau den Schlüsselbegriff der Selbstliebe (amour de soi-même) ein. Diese erläutert er als einen ursprünglichen Trieb des Menschen, einen, der noch vor der Entwicklung der Vernunft da ist. Rousseau versteht sie als den Selbsterhaltungstrieb, wie ihn jedes Tier von Natur aus besitzen soll. Indem sich jedoch die menschliche Vernunft entwickelt, wird das Selbst der nunmehr möglichen Selbstliebe ein anderes. Rousseau stellt zunächst nur die negative Erscheinungsform des vernünftigen Selbst dar, welche durch Eigenliebe (amour-propre) charakterisiert ist. (...) Erst der Contrat social, obwohl er weder von Selbstliebe noch von Eigenliebe spricht, reicht die positive Erscheinungsform nach. Ich werde darlegen, dass vernünftige Selbstliebe, wie man mit dem zeitgleich erschienen Émile sagen kann, die moralische Gesinnung des Bürgers ist. (shrink)

Cet article se donne pour objectif de réfléchir à ce que la crise mondiale du Covid-19 a révélé de nos manières d’habiter les lieux où nous vivons, et parmi celles-ci, la pratique de la danse. La démarche adoptée ici est celle d’un dialogue entre trois courants philosophiques spécifiques : la phénoménologie, le pragmatisme et l’écoféminisme, au sujet de leur conception de l’expérience somatique, à la fois vécue, complexe et ordinaire. Nous cherchons ici les lignes communes à ces trois mouvements philosophiques, (...) dans le but d’esquisser une compréhensions nouvelle du corps, et par extension, une nouvelle approche de la danse par temps de crise pandémique. (shrink)

The authors of this volume discuss the relevance and influence of various Old and New Testament documents, and early Christian and Jewish texts in terms of their impact in shaping the moral character, identity, and behaviour of the specific communities in which they were produced as well as their ethical application throughout the centuries. Against a narrow understanding of ethics, the term "application" is not used to analyse the texts of the Bible as step-by-step manuals for moral conduct. Rather, the (...) contributors engage with biblical texts within the framework of a complex hermeneutical process of application of the relevance of these texts in contemporary ethical discourse. Contributors: Paul N. Anderson, Robert L. Brawley, Cilliers Breytenbach, Ulrich Busse, R. Alan Culpepper, Jan Willem van Henten, Rainer Hirsch-Luipold, Stephan Joubert, Craig R. Koester, Bart J. Koet, Michael Labahn, Tobias Nicklas, Bert Jan Lietaert Peerbolte, Udo Schnelle, Michael Theobald, D. Francois Tolmie, Joseph Verheyden, Ben Witherington, III, Ellen van Wolde, Michael Wolter, Mirjam Zimmermann, Ruben Zimmermann. (shrink)

Publier en sciences économiques impose des délais considérables se chiffrant facilement en de multiples années, de la soumission à la parution. Aussi, le contenu des revues est en retard par rapport à la frontière de la recherche. Les principaux médias pour s’informer de cette frontière sont alors les conférences et les cahiers de recherche, des polycopiés qui circulent parmi certains scientifiques. Ceci favorise la formation de petits cercles fermés et exclut la participation de tiers à la pointe de la recherche. (...) L’apparition d’Internet a fondamentalement changé l’accès aux cahiers de recherche, mais encore faut-il que cet accès soit organisé et qu’il permette d’être lu par les autres. Le présent article décrit RePEc, une initiative qui a justement permis d’accorder tous les économistes sur un dénominateur commun et qui est maintenant devenue un instrument incontournable dans leur domaine de recherche. Des initiatives similaires dans d’autres champs de recherche sont aussi abordées.Publishing articles on the economics involves long time frames of up to several years, from submission to publication. Consequently, journal contents tend to lag behind what is happening on the research frontier. The most usual sources of information on frontier research are conferences and « working papers », which are photocopied documents that circulate among certain scientists. This practice is fostering the emergence of exclusive small groups and prevents third parties from participating in pioneering research. The Internet has radically changed possibilities for access to working papers, but Internet access still needs to be organised and to allow others to read one’s work. This article describes the RePEc initiative, which effectively places all economists on the same footing and has become an essential instrument in its field. Similar initiatives in other fields are also investigated. (shrink)

avant propos This paper is basically Keenan (1992) augmented by some new types of properly polyadic quantification in natural language drawn from Moltmann (1992), Nam (1991) and Srivastav (1990). In addition I would draw the reader's attention to recent mathematical studies of polyadic quantiicationz Ben-Shalom (1992), Spaan (1992) and Westerstahl (1992). The first and third of these extend and generalize (in some cases considerably) the techniques and results in Keenan (1992). Finally I would like to acknowledge the stimulating and constructive (...) discussions ofthe earlier paper with many scholars, notably Dorit Ben-Shalom, Jaap van der Does, Hans Kamp, Uwe Mormich, Arnim von Stechow, Mats Rooth, and Ede Zimmermann. And I repeat here the acknowledgment in the earlier paper to Jim Lambek, Ed Stabler and two anonymous referees for Linguistics and Philosophy (the latter responsible for substantial improvements in the proofs - see footnote 10). (shrink)

Ce livre sur l’action du comité syndical international des travailleuses, organe de la Fédération syndicale internationale (FSI), s’attache à un objet paradoxal. Composé de cinq femmes seulement, ce comité a pourtant joué un rôle aussi fondamental que spécifique dans les politiques d’égalité de l’entre-deux-guerres, estime Susan Zimmermann. Comme elle l’explique, il a été doublement marginalisé : d’abord historiquement dans la FSI (dite aussi Internationale d’Amsterdam qui fonctionne de 1919...

Walter Zimmermann (né en 1949) est indéniablement une figure qui fascine et s'impose par sa démarche nomade dans le panorama des musiques d'aujourd'hui. Pianiste de formation, il fonda en 1977 le Beginner Studio à Cologne où furent données de nombreuses œuvres de musique expérimentale, telles celles de Morton Feldman. Parallèlement à son ancrage dans les musiques savantes et à ses préoccupations théoriques et philosophiques, il a montré un intérêt durable pour d'autres traditions culturelles, voire des expressions régionales. Ce premier (...) ouvrage français consacré à ce compositeur est issu d'un colloque international organisé à Strasbourg en 2018, dont l'objectif était de scruter les liens étroits entre mathématiques et musique, notamment par le biais de la philosophie, les questions d'écriture ou de composition, d'intonation, et les liens fondamentaux de ces musiques avec la poésie de diverses époques. (shrink)

The first volume of the Brandeis University Summer Institute lecture series of 1970 on theories of interacting elementary particles, consisting of four sets of lectures. Every summer since 1959 Brandeis University has conducted a lecture series centered on various areas of theoretical physics. The areas are sufficiently broad to interest a large number of physicists and the lecturers are among the original explorers of these areas. The 1970 lectures, presented in two volumes, are on theories of interacting elementary particles. The (...) four lecturers of Volume 1, and the range of the topics they cover, are as follows: Stephen L. Adler on "Perturbation Theory Anomalies": introduction and review of perturbation theory; the VVA triangle anomaly; absence of radiative corrections; generalizations of our results; connection between Ward identity anomalies and commutator anomalies; applications of the Bjorken limit; and breakdown of the Bjorken limit in perturbation theory. Stanley Mandelstam on "Dynamical Applications of the Veneziano formula for the four-point scalar amplitude; factorization; the operator formalism; Veneziano-type quark models; and higher-order Feynman-like diagrams. Steven Weinberg on "Dynamic and Algebraic Symmetries": Introduction; hadron electrodynamics; local symmetries; and chirality. Wolfhart Zimmermann on "Local Operator Products and Renormalization in Quantum Field Theory": introduction; renormalization; operator product expansions; and local field equations. The second volume contains lectures by Rudolf Haag on observables and fields, by Maurice Jacob on duality, by Michael Reed on non-Fock representations, and by Bruno Zumino on effective Lagrangians and broken symmetries. (shrink)

"Wenn es auch viele Fragen in der Philosophie gibt, die bis heute noch nicht genügend geklärt sind, so ist doch die Frage nach dem Wesen der Götter ganz besonders schwierig und überaus dunkel..." (1,1). Um eine Klärung bemühen sich im Haus von Ciceros Freund C. Aurelius Cotta neben dem Hausherren, der die Schule der Akademiker vertritt, der Epikureer C. Velleius und der Stoiker Q. Lucilius Balbus. Cicero - zum fiktiven Datum der Unterredung (76 v.Chr.) mit etwa dreißig Jahren der Jüngste (...) - begnügt sich hauptsächlich mit der Rolle des stummen Zuhörers. Seine Gesprächswiedergabe besticht durch die Schärfe der Gedankenführung und die meisterhafte Komposition. Ihm verdanken die Römer zum großen Teil die lateinische Terminologie, die weiteren Kreisen den Zugang zur griechischen Philosophie erst ermöglichte. Olof Gigon und Laila Straume-Zimmermann haben den Text neu übertragen und mit profundem Detailwissen und philosophischem Weitblick kommentiert. (shrink)

"Wenn es auch viele Fragen in der Philosophie gibt, die bis heute noch nicht genügend geklärt sind, so ist doch die Frage nach dem Wesen der Götter ganz besonders schwierig und überaus dunkel...". Um eine Klärung bemühen sich im Haus von Ciceros Freund C. Aurelius Cotta neben dem Hausherren, der die Schule der Akademiker vertritt, der Epikureer C. Velleius und der Stoiker Q. Lucilius Balbus. Cicero - zum fiktiven Datum der Unterredung mit etwa dreißig Jahren der Jüngste - begnügt sich (...) hauptsächlich mit der Rolle des stummen Zuhörers. Seine Gesprächswiedergabe besticht durch die Schärfe der Gedankenführung und die meisterhafte Komposition. Ihm verdanken die Römer zum großen Teil die lateinische Terminologie, die weiteren Kreisen den Zugang zur griechischen Philosophie erst ermöglichte. Olof Gigon und Laila Straume-Zimmermann haben den Text neu übertragen und mit profundem Detailwissen und philosophischem Weitblick kommentiert. (shrink)

Résumé L’ACTA (Accord Commercial Anti-Contrefaçon), bombe à retardement contre l’Internet ouvert et libre, a été rejeté à une très large majorité des votes par le Parlement européen le 4 juillet 2012, en particulier grâce à l’action pugnace d’une ribambelle d’associations européennes parmi lesquelles, en France, la Quadrature du Net. L’un des responsables de la Quadrature du Net, Jérémie Zimmermann, nous éclaire dans cette interview sur ACTA et sa logique répressive qui n’en finit pas de renaître dans bien des traités. (...) Mais il revient également sur la façon dont des organisations comme la sienne et beaucoup d’autres ont agi, avec des citoyens de l’Europe entière, pour obtenir le rejet de cet accord si fortement symbolique. (shrink)

Résumé L’ACTA (Accord Commercial Anti-Contrefaçon), bombe à retardement contre l’Internet ouvert et libre, a été rejeté à une très large majorité des votes par le Parlement européen le 4 juillet 2012, en particulier grâce à l’action pugnace d’une ribambelle d’associations européennes parmi lesquelles, en France, la Quadrature du Net. L’un des responsables de la Quadrature du Net, Jérémie Zimmermann, nous éclaire dans cette interview sur ACTA et sa logique répressive qui n’en finit pas de renaître dans bien des traités. (...) Mais il revient également sur la façon dont des organisations comme la sienne et beaucoup d’autres ont agi, avec des citoyens de l’Europe entière, pour obtenir le rejet de cet accord si fortement symbolique. (shrink)

Pendant le symposium à l'occasion des adieux d'Albert Zimmermann, Jan Aertsen, son successeur au Thomas-Institut à Cologne, profitait de cette occasion pour présenter sa conception de la philosophie médiévale. Dans sa contribution à ce symposium, Aertsen décrit un débat dans lequel il prend ensuite position lui-même. Dans le titre de sa contribution, la problématique de ce débat se trouve résumée: «Gibt es eine mittelalterliche Philosophie?». Aertsen répond à cette question en discutant de trois conceptions de la philosophie médiévale. Il (...) prête consécutivement attention à la conception d'Etienne Gilson de la philosophie médiévale comme une «philosophie chrétienne»; à la conception logique-analytique de la philosophie médiévale comme elle a été codifiée dans le Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy; et finalement à la conception d'Alain de Libera, successeur de Gilson à l'École Pratique des Hautes Etudes à Paris et un des auteurs du Cambridge History, qui cherche le propre de la philosophie médiévale dans le développement d'un idéal philosophique, celui de l'«aristotélisme éthique». (shrink)

Universalism vs. Communitarianism focuses on the question, raised by recent work in normative philosophy, of whether ethical norms are best derived and justified on the basis of universal or communitarian standards. It is unique in representing both Continental and American points of view and both the older and a younger generation of scholars. The essays introduce the key issues involved in universalism vs. communitarianism and take up ethics in historical perspective, practical reason and ethical responsibility, justification, application and history, and (...) communitarian alternatives. Based on a special issue of the Journal Philosophy and Social Criticism, the book includes two additional essays by Chantal Mouffe and by Hubert and Stuart Dreyfus. David Rasmussen is Professor of Philosophy at Boston College and editor of Philosophy and Social Criticism. Contents: introduction, David, Rasmussen. Universalisms: Procedural, Contextualist, and Prudential, Alessandro Ferrara. Beyond Liberalism and Communitarianism: Toward a Critical Theory of Social Justice, Gerald Doppelt. The Liberal/Communitarian Controversy and Communicative Ethics, Kenneth Baynes. Discourse Ethics and Civil Society, Jean Cohen. Equality, Political Order and Ethics: Hobbes and the Systematics of Democratic Rationality, Rolf Zimmermann. Atomism and Ethical Life: On Hegel's Critique of the French Revolution, Axel Honneth. The Gadamer-Habermas Debate Revisited: The Question of Ethics, Michael Kelly. What Is and What Is Not Practical Reason? Agnes Heller. Adorno, Heidegger, and Postmodernity, Hauke Brunkhorst. Impartial Application of Moral and Legal Norms: A Contribution to Discourse Ethics, Klaus Günther. An Ethics, Politics, and History, Jürgen Habermas in an interview conducted by Jean-Marc Ferry. Rawls: Political Philosophy without Politics, Chantal Mouffe. What Is Morality: A Phenomenological Account of the Development of Ethical Expertise, Hubert L Dreyfus, Stuart E. Dreyfus. Universalism and Communitarianism: A Bibliography, Michael Zilles. (shrink)

Il s’agit ici de comprendre, à partir des arguments développés dans le volume par Krassimira Daskalova et Susan Zimmermann, comment l’histoire des femmes et du genre a été intégrée dans les différentes contributions à cet effort de synthèse portant sur l’Europe centrale de l’Est. Le chapitre « Women’s and Gender History » que l’on doit à ces deux spécialistes du genre donne un aperçu de ce champ de recherche à travers l’analyse de six thématiques ainsi présentées (p. 279) : (...) « éducation ; trav... (shrink)

Kühn, U. Thomas von Aquin und die evangelische Theologie.--Rahner, K. Über die Unbegreiflichkeit Gottes bei Thomas von Aquin.--Pieper, J. Kreatürlichkeit.--Kluxen, W. Metaphysik und praktische Vernunft.--Oeing-Hanhoff, L. Gotteserkenntnis im Licht der Vernunft und des Glaubens nach Thomas von Aquin.--Zimmermann, A. Der Begriff der Freiheit nach Thomas von Aquin.--Baur, J. Fragen eines evangelischen Theologen an Thomas von Aquin.

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:HERMENEUTIC OF AQUINAS'S TEXTS: NOTES ON THE INDEX THOMISTICUS PAOLO GurnTTI Universita Cattolica Augustinianum Milan, Italy I. Introduction: First Impressions of the Index Thomisticus UPON ENTERING an excellent library of philosophy, one cannot help but notice the 56 volumes of the Inde:c Thomisticus.1 Anyone with a scholarly interest in Saint 1 Index Thomisticus: Sancti Thomae Aquinatis Operum omnium Indices et concordantiae... (Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog, 1974-1980). Reference to this work in (...) notes takes the form: IT [section]-[vol.], [p.]. References to Aquinas's works will follow the conventions established by Busa in the Index Thomisticus (e.g., STl=Summa theologiae, prima pars) and unless otherwise indicated are from the same texts processed in the Index Thomisticus. References to Roberto Busa's works will have the following abbreviations: Clavis Indicis Thomistici: Clavis Indicis Thomistici (Stuttgart: FrommannHoltzboog, 1979). Fond. informatica linguistica: Fondamenti di informatica linguistica (Milan: Vita e Pensiero, 1987), (contains a bibliography of Busa's works through 1987). Per San Tommaso 'ratio seminalis ': "Per San Tommaso 'ratio seminalis' significa 'codice genetico '. Problemi e metodi di lessicologia e lessicografia tomistiche," in Atti dell'VIII congresso tomistico internazionale (Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1981), vol. 1. L'Index Thomisticus: "L'Index Thomisticus," in Stitdi medievali, III serie, XXI, I, 1980. Informatica e filologia: " Informatica e nuova filologia," in G. Savoca ed., Lessicologia, filologia e critica (Florence: Olschki, 1986), pp. 17-25. L'originalite linguistique: "L'originalite linguistique de S. Thomas d'Aquin," in Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi (Bulletin du Cange), Tome XLIV-XLV, fascicule double, 1985, pp. 65-90. ORDO dans les ouevres: "ORDO dans les ouevres de St. Thomas d'Aquin," in M. Fattori and M. Bianchi, eds., ORDO II Colloquia internazionale del Lessico Intellettuale Europeo (Rome: Edizioni dell'Ateneo e Bizzarri, 1979), pp. 59-184. Voces REALIS-REALITER: "Voces REALIS-REALITER in S. Thoma Aq. Cum appendice de voce 'resrei," in M. Fattori and M. Bianchi eds., RES. III Colloquia internazionale del Lessico intellettuale Europea (Rome: Edizioni dell'Ateneo, 1982), pp. 104667 668 PAOLO GUIETTI Thomas Aquinas will be drawn to employ the Index Thomisticus as a powerful concordance. But any reasonable scholar can recognize the disproportion between a desirable concordance and this hyperbolic system of about 70,000 pages. The Index Thomisticus is the second largest written work of this century, surpassed only by the Enrcyclopedia Britannica. The Index Thomisticus is a mountain of pages that classifies with a precision never before realized everything that came from Aquinas's pen in twenty-five years.2 Is it not awkwardly disproportionate and too pedantically analytical for scholarly research? Moreover, what would Aquinas think if, in a return to this life, he could see the electronic digestion of his work? A neoscholastic Jesuit who devoted thirty-four years of his life to chopping and classifying even the most insignificant things, like " et " and " est," could seem to St. Thomas a modern computernut, i.e., a person who has lost his good sense in front of a screen.3 Everyone understands the usefulness of a concordance; even St. Thomas wanted and used concordances.4 But the Index Thomis136. De voce SPIRITUS: "De voce SPIRITUS in operibus S. Thomae Aquinatis," in M. Fattori and M. Bianchi, eds., SPIRITUS. IV Colloquia lnternazionale del Lessico Intellettuale Europeo (Rome: Edizioni dell'Ateneo, 1983), pp. 191-222. Thomistische H ermeneutik: " Das Problem der thomistischen Hermeneutik nach der Veroeffentlichung des Index Thomisticus," in A. Zimmermann, ed., ~Miscellanea Medievalia, Bd 19: Thomas von Aquin (Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1988), pp. 359-364. L'Indez Thomisticus per la filoso fia: " L'Index Thomisticus per la filosofia e la teologia," in Teologia 5, 1980, pp. 258-265. Il logos Principia di dialogo: "Il logos principio di ogni dialogo tra persone secondo San Tommaso,'' in Portare Cristo all'Uomo. Congresso del Ventennio dal Concilio Vaticano II (Vatican City: Urbaniana University Press, 1985), pp. 577-584. 2 I. e., 8,767,854 words. The lnde:i: Thomisticus classifies everything St. Thomas has probably written, everything St. Thomas erased (Autographi deleta: Inde:i: Thomisticus: 006 ADL) and even works of other chosen authors for comparison with St. Thomas. a Roberto Busa, S.J., was born in Vicenza, Italy in 1913... (shrink)

BackgroundThe diagnosis and treatment of cancer are associated with psychological distress that often leads to a significant reduction in emotional and physical well-being and quality of life. Early detection of psychological distress is therefore important. This study aims to assess the psychological distress of inpatient cancer patients using routine clinical data. Furthermore, variables and problems most strongly associated with psychological distress should be identified.Materials and MethodsN = 1,869 inpatients were investigated using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer and problem (...) checklist to assess distress as well as multiple possible problem areas. Visceral oncological cancer was the most common tumor diagnosis, followed by skin cancer and urological cancer.Results65.9% of the sample experienced high levels of distress. Female sex, stage 4 of disease, and visceral and head and neck cancer emerged as risk factors for high distress. A younger age was significantly correlated with higher distress. The most frequently self-reported problems were fears, worry, and fatigue. Patients with all 3 of these problems had 24 times higher risk [odds ratio = 23.9] for high levels of distress than patients without these problems. Women reported significantly more practical, emotional, and physical problems than men. Younger and middle-aged patients reported increased levels of practical, family, and emotional problems compared with older patients.DiscussionAlmost two-thirds of the sample reported high levels of distress. The most frequently reported problem areas were emotional and physical problems. These results can help to identify patients with high risk for psychological distress and, therefore, be used to optimize psychosocial and psycho-oncological care for patients with cancer. (shrink)

A weak form of intuitionistic set theory WST lacking the axiom of extensionality is introduced. While WST is too weak to support the derivation of the law of excluded middle from the axiom of choice, we show that beefing up WST with moderate extensionality principles or quotient sets enables the derivation to go through.

Ce livre interroge les passages entre dire et chanter, leurs usages, leurs contraintes, les multiples façons dont ils sont nommés et mis en oeuvre, leurs enjeux esthétiques, poétiques, dramaturgiques ou anthropologiques. Il rassemble dix-sept essais comme autant d'études de cas, autour de quatre axes: " Le chant des mots "; " Représentations de la parole et enjeux dramaturgiques "; " Du souffle au cri "; " Voix plurielles et identité ". De multiples états du dit/chanté sont abordés: des manifestations du (...) parlé sur la scène de l'opéra au me siècle au retour actuel de la mélodie parlante orchestrale, des formes vocales exploratoires des années soixante aux modes du chant en poésie, de l'extra-vocalité provocatrice des XXe et XXIe siècles aux musiques rituelles où il n'est plus seulement question de chanter mais aussi de servir avec sa voix. L'ouvrage tient ensemble musicologie, ethnomusicologie et poétique. Il rend compte de structures, de pratiques et de typologies. Les oeuvres étudiées sont entre autres celles de Bernd Aloïs Zimmermann, Jonathan Harvey, Paul Valéry, Jules Massenet, Alban Berg, Claude Debussy, Manuel de Falla, Francis Poulenc, Jean Cocteau, les Beatles, les Pink Floyd, les Who, Helmut Lachenman, Yoshihisa Taïra, Jean-Christophe Marti, Franz Koglmann et aussi des chants liturgiques coptes de Haute-Egypte, de l'Eglise apostolique arménienne d'Istanbul ou encore la musique carnatique d'Inde du Sud. (shrink)

The ternary, not binary, Kripke-type relation on a set of possible worlds is an essential part of the semantics of entailment by Routley-Meyer [2]. The unpopularity of such approach among many logicians is due to its intuitive vague content and complexity. An attempt is made to use not one ternary relation but two binary relations and necessity of bibinarness is demonstrated. It is shown that both semantics are equal hence the soundness and completeness of the system R of entailment can (...) be established with the respect to the bibinary semantics. Furthermore, the ternary semantic with discrete matrix for Lukasiewicz system Lℵ0 , which was proposed in [3], could be transformed into the bibinary one and it leads to the conclusion of the completeness and soundness of Lℵ0 with the respect to the bibinary semantic. The brief consideration of the bibinary semantic intuitive content is added, which further logical study could be based on. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:BOOK REVIEWS 295 A study of Heidegger faces serious difficulties, for Heidegger is a difficult philosopher to comprehend. It is all too easy to fall into an oracular mode of presentation and to become obscure in that needless way of which one suspects Heidegger himself on many occasions. Seidel avoids these dangers admirably. His is a clear and careful, reasoned and unassuming account of Heidegger's views concerning the pre-socratics (...) and the historical fate of Being. His book should be a help to the scholar of Heidegger's thought and a stimulating, though perplexing, introduction to his philosophy. If it fails in the ways I have mentioned, it succeeds in many more ways than I have had the space to mention. It is a positive contribution to the literature concerning Iteidegger. STEPI-IEI~"A. ERICKSOR" Pomona College FiIosofia dell'arte. By Nicola Petruzzellis. Terza edizione riveduta ed accresciuta. (Napoli, Libreira Scientifica Editrice, 1964. I6~ pp. 642.) E' una terza edizione ma in cui l'ampiezza delle aggiunte ~ tale da far sl che non si possa parlare di un rifacimento soltanto perch~ i criter~ fondamentali dell'indagine tentata dall'autore (ed integrata dal felice volume su L'estetica dell'idealismo) sono rimasti gli stessi. Ma quello che prima era soltanto un motivo tematico s'~ sviluppato in una vogorosa e posscnte sinfonia, specie se ci si riferisce al panorama dell'estetica contemporanea, che, con ampiezza di vedute e spregiudicata freschezza d'informazione---integrando e continuando le note storie dell'estetica e della critica dello Zimmermann, dello Schlaser, del Bosanquet, del Croce e del Wellek--il Petruzzellis traccia all'inizio del libro "I1 panorama dell'estetica contemporanea, col quale si apre il volume---avverte--non vuol essere un'esposizione manualistica, e tanto meno un repertorio bibliografico pifl o meno completo, ma uno strumento d'indagine.... e vuo|e altresl fornire all'attento lettore le ragioni storiche e critiche deUe posizioni conclusive alle quali siamo pervenuti e dei consensi e dissensi in esse impliciti" (p. 6). II quadro ~ davvero completo, non solo in riferiment~ all'Italia, ch~ l'autore felicemente riassume e criticamente definisce, rendendo giustizia alle legittime esigenze di ognuno, le ricerche estetiche de Croce e Gentile, di Carlini e di Guzzo, di Stefanini e di Aliotta, di Rensi e di Baratono, di Carbonara e di Della Volpe. Il Petruzzellis 6 e~uriente anche circa le analisi sottili (che si ricoUegano all'esttismo ed al moralismo di SSren Kirkegaard) condotte intorno all'arte da Martin Heidegger e da Karl Jaspers, da Gabriel Marcel e da Jean Paul Sartre, mentre acutamente illustra quelle--ispirate ad un esistenzialismo positivo--di Nicola Abbagnano. Meno note le concezioni estetiche di Nicolai Hartmann e quelle fenomenologiche del Banff, del Morpurgo Tagliabue e del Dufrenne, sicch~ si deve dar atto al Petruzzellis della benemerenza d'averle minutamente illustrate, cosl come ha fatto con il problematicismo estetico di Ugo Spirito e del suo discepolo Armando Plebe. Sottilissima ~ poi l'analisi dei riflessi sulla filosofia dell'arte di correnti speculative ehe oggi (forse ~ effetto di moda) occupano, dal neoempirismo al marxismo, il palcoscenico culturale. Ms se tall correnti si agitano e si dimenano con notevole fracas~o in altri campi, penetrano solo furtivamente nel giardino delle Muse. Percib c'~ voluta tutta la paziente intelligenza del Petruzzellis per presentarci le riflessioni sull'arte (assai poco divulgatc specie in Italia) di John Dewey, di I. A. Richards, di Charles Morris, di B. C. Heyl, di Ernest Cassirer, di Susanne K. Langer e di GySrgy Luke. Quest'ultimo, in veritY, a differenza dei precedenti (mi riferisco sempre al solo lato estetico), ~ alquanto famoso, peraltro in effetti mal noto, ch~ la sua fortuna, dovuta prevalentemente a contingenti motivi politici, fa sl ch'egli sia pi~ citato che effettivamente letto. Un posto particolare in questo gran quadro il Petruzzellis assegna poi alle indagini semantiche di Guido Calogero e soprattuito a quelle penetranti ed acutissime di Antonino 296 HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY Pagliaro, mentre sviscera con intelletto d'amore il contributo estetico arrecato da grandi contemporanei ispiratisi alla Scolastica quali Maritain, Petit e Gilson. Quest'adesione alle loro vibrazioni spirituali ci svela il profondo motivo animatore di questa: Filosofia d;ell'arte che scritta "nel momento pi... (shrink)

We show that the first order theory of the lattice $\mathscr{L}^{ (S) of finite dimensional closed subsets of any nontrivial infinite dimensional Steinitz Exhange System S has logical complexity at least that of first order number theory and that the first order theory of the lattice L(S ∞ ) of computably enumerable closed subsets of any nontrivial infinite dimensional computable Steinitz Exchange System S ∞ has logical complexity exactly that of first order number theory. Thus, for example, the lattice of (...) finite dimensional subspaces of a standard copy of $\bigoplus_\omega$ Q interprets first order arithmetic and is therefore as complicated as possible. In particular, our results show that the first order theories of the lattice L(V ∞ ) of c.e. subspaces of a fully effective ℵ 0 -dimensional vector space V∞ and the lattice of c.e. algebraically closed subfields of a fully effective algebraically closed field F ∞ of countably infinite transcendence degree each have logical complexity that of first order number theory. (shrink)