The role of professional revolutionaries is usually reserved for men. One exception is Teresa Noce, a prominent Italian Communist leader in the (residual) quota reserved for women, who was the wife of Luigi Longo, but with an independence that made her existence an original example of militancy and activism. Both underground and within republican Italy, Noce never adapted to what already existed, but fought to subvert the order, especially in the face of exploitation and discrimination. A member of the (...) ICP, Noce fought against fascism, transporting clandestine material, writing articles for anti-fascist papers, promoting strikes by rice weeders and labourers. In France, she directed partisan movements and, in Spain, she was a militant in voluntary groups against Francisco Franco. After the war, she was elected to the Parliament as a “Constituent Mother”. She also revolutionised the world of labour as the first female Secretary General of the textile trade union. (shrink)

This is a compilation of essays by thirteen authors dedicated to a direct exploration of Wittgenstein and Plato.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to illustrate how the adoption of new enterprise resource planning systems affects sensemaking in the process of Organizational Identity integration after a Merger and Acquisition.Design/methodology/approachWithin a wider case study about an acquisition in chemical/pharmaceutical industry, the paper describes the effects of SAP adoption and implementation on the organizational identity. This methodology, based on semi‐structured interviews to project leaders and to team members, has allowed a deep comprehension of the context, even if results cannot provide (...) statistical evidence of relationships.FindingsUsing the Swanson and Ramiller's approach to innovation, the paper argues that ERP adoption and implementation support sensemaking process if innovation takes place with mindfulness and because, in that case, people interact on symbolic meanings sharing retrospective knowledge and cognitive causal maps. After an M&A there are conditions for a mindful innovation with IT and therefore innovating with IT can be an effective way to enforce sensemaking process and, as a consequence, to influence the Organizational Identity evolution. In a constructionist approach, the evolution of organizational identity requires a social negotiation among members where sensemaking has a primary role. So, the integration process following acquisitions can be facilitated by adopting, implementing and assimilating common IT solutions with mindfulness.Research limitations/implicationsThe first limitation of this study is referred to timing. The author entered into the company within a year after the acquisition and went out at the beginning of SAP assimilation phase. Therefore, some perceptions could still evolve in different ways. The second limitation depends on the fact that the author analyzed a single case. By focusing on one case of acquisition – an acquisition that gives value to acquired company – the author might be limiting the transferability of the findings.Practical implicationsThese results can be useful for both scholars and practitioners. Managers who face organizational change can consider the adoption and implementation of ERP as an opportunity to influence the evolution of Organizational Identity according to strategic priorities.Originality/valueThe value of this study is in its approach that links a strategic level with a social level. This link is realized not using the ERP as an artefact but using the process of its adoption and implementation. (shrink)

A review of the achievements of Fr. Busa over the course of his 60 years of work in the area of computational linguistics: internal hypertexts, the systematization of allographs, lemmatization, homographs and typologies; the lexical system; the laws of economy for graphemes, for semantic typology, for heterogeneity among terms, and of the two lexical hemispheres. Finally, the project of disciplined languages is mentioned, a response to the linguistic challenge resulting from informational globalization.

This article takes issue with the most authoritative argument for the commonplace that John Wyclif was an extreme determinist: he denied distinctions between divine ideas and God’s metaphysical constituents and between ideas as principle of divine cognition of creatures and as models for their production ad extra ; since as a constituent of God’s essence every divine idea is absolutely necessary, and every idea is unfailingly a pattern for creation, therefore God cannot but create anything He can think of. This (...) paper argues against the premise that Wyclif never distinguished rationes and exemplaria by examining significant excerpts from Wyclif’s edited and unedited academic writings in which the distinction is assumed or discussed. Wyclif maintains that there are more ideas in God than created essences ad extra, and that God’s absolute power covers more than His ordained power does. To stress that not every divine idea is automatically a model for creation, Wyclif sometimes includes in his standard taxonomy of being a hitherto unnoticed level, the esse intentionale, which is eternal and ad intra, like the esse intelligibile, but contingent, the kind of being in which something participates as the result of God’s free choice to bring it into existence ad extra at the due time. (shrink)

Substantial evidence supports the perspective that the people of Ancient Greece had a language for and some use for drugs, both for the purpose of medicine and poison; however, the question remains whether Ancient Greek civilization held a concept approximating what we today call drug addiction. This article explores the textual evidence for the use of two drugs, nepenthes and cannabis, in Ancient Greece. While the existence of nepenthes remains in doubt, the use of cannabis is well documented. Either drug (...) or both drugs may have been used in the rites of the Bacchic and Orphic mysteries, which might explain why there are so few references to these drugs in the Ancient Greek literature. (shrink)

La première partie de Particle rend compte des conditions philosophiques et du contexte historique dans lequel s'est développée la conception du probable chez Wolff. La seconde met trois aspects de cette conception en relief: 1) la distinction entre la probalité d'un évènement et la probalité d'une proposition, 2) l'interprétation du principe d'égale possibilité en tant que principe de cause non-suffisante, 3) les quelques restrictions conservés par Wolff à l'égard de la validité et des domaines d'application du principe d'égale possibilité. La (...) troisième partie traite de ce que l'on nomme les „experientiae indubitatae". Elles se fondent sur une notion de la certitude qui peut être interprétée comme cas limite de la probabilité. Les certitudes de cette sorte sont acceptées par Wolff comme les premisses d'une preuve. De cette façon Wolff utilise sa conception de la probabilité pour unir les exigences de la raison et celles de l'expérience et débouche sur une conception de la science qui dépasse celle en cours jusque-là. A partir d'elle, il essaye de réaliser le programme rationaliste de l'édification des sciences empiriques. (shrink)

English, French, German, and Italian, with summaries in the same languages.

1. Critica de capire e altri scritti. 2. Scritti kantiani. 3. L'analitica trascendentale. 4. Il problema della scienza e il giudizio storico.

Cf. Jardine 1974a, p. 29; chapter 6 is 'an elegant account of developments in late scholastic debating exercises' (Jardine 1974b, 33). Cited Van den Burgh, 126 n. 95 re Grotius's method. cit. Mancosu 1996, 232 n. 39.

While the importance of mechanisms in determining causality in medicine is currently the subject of active debate, the role of mechanistic reasoning in clinical practice has received far less attention. In this paper we look at this question in the context of the treatment of a particular individual, and argue that evidence of mechanisms is indeed key to various aspects of clinical practice, including assessing population-level research reports, diagnostic as well as therapeutic decision making, and the assessment of treatment effects. (...) We use the pulmonary condition bronchiectasis as a source of examples of the importance of mechanistic reasoning to clinical practice. (shrink)

En este trabajo, aludiremos sintéticamente a los argumentos que se suceden en el primer libro de la _República _de Platón alrededor de la definición de justicia. No atenderemos a cada uno de ellos con detalle, sino que examinaremos el modo peculiar en que Platón presenta a los tres interlocutores de Sócrates en ocasión de establecer acuerdos dialógicos que permitan la progresión, o no, de su investigación. Intentaremos mostrar que el primer intercambio entre Sócrates y Céfalo parece más bien un diálogo (...) sordo pero que sirve de disparador para el segundo. Con Polemarco, Sócrates tiene la oportunidad de construir un diálogo cooperativo que se orienta a la persuasión, aunque tropieza, en el último tramo, con la imposibilidad del diálogo, que se muestra en el intercambio con Trasímaco. De este modo, creemos que, en el libro I de la _República_, Platón ofrece un panorama general de los fines, alcances y límites de la actividad filosófica y ello sienta las bases generales de las discusiones que se sucederán en el resto del diálogo. _ _. (shrink)