Ao oscilarem entre a noção ética de bem comum e o conceito político de interesse público, as representações da república firmam-se em considerações simultaneamente axiológicas e de institucionalização da soberania popular.Pretende-se, com este artigo, proceder à compreensão do pensamento de Teófilo Braga, tanto no que respeita à moralidade que imputou à ordem republicana, quanto no modo como concebeu a relação entre ética e política à luz da doutrinação positivista de que foi incansável interprete e divulgador.

A publicação de De optimo Reipublicae Statu, deque nova insula Utopia, de Thomas More, no final de 1516, está na origem de uma nova modalidade de discurso político. Ao unir a represen­tação racional e a descrição imaginária da comunidade desejável de forma indissociável, a cons­trução utópica releva tanto do foro filosófico quando do âmbito da elaboração sensível. Pretende-se, em primeiro lugar, caracterizar o conceito de utopia, tal como resulta da narrativa fundadora do género, lida à luz dos seus principais pressupostos. (...) Visa-se, de seguida, captar o olhar sobre a reflexão antiga acerca da cidade racional que More desenvolve. Tenta-se, por fim, confrontar o conceito moderno de utopia com o discurso utópico contemporâneo, tal como surge na segunda metade do século XVIII. (shrink)

Student performance and its evaluation remain a serious challenge for education systems. Frequently, the recording and processing of students’ scores in a specific curriculum have several flaws for various reasons. In this context, the absence of data from some of the student scores undermines the efficiency of any future analysis carried out in order to reach conclusions. When this is the case, missing data imputation algorithms are needed. These algorithms are capable of substituting, with a high level of accuracy, the (...) missing data for predicted values. This research presents the hybridization of an algorithm previously proposed by the authors called adaptive assignation algorithm, with a well-known technique called multivariate imputation by chained equations. The results show how the suggested methodology outperforms both algorithms. (shrink)

Qui sont « les Anciens »? Dans cet article nous allons examiner la signification de l’expression « les Anciens » dans le papyrus médical appelé Anonyme de Londres, en essayant de lui donner une juste attribution. L’examen contextuel des deux occurrences de ce terme révèle que le rapprochement avec les Aristotéliciens, proposé par la plupart des interprétations, est plutôt plausible. Cette conclusion est basée sur deux éléments : d’abord d’étroites analogies avec quelques textes d’Aristote, puis l’usage qui a été fait (...) de cette même expression dans les traités médicaux contemporains de la rédaction du papyrus. La recherche semble démontrer que, dans le premier cas, par l’expression « les Anciens » l’auteur du papyrus ferait allusion à Aristote et non aux Platoniciens, et dans le second, qu’il pourrait s’agir d’une allusion aux philosophes présocratiques, soit Héraclite soit Empédocle. (shrink)

Carl Schmitt is the most important anti-liberal political theorist of the European interwar period (1918-1939). His theories on the state of exception, dictatorship, and his criticism of parliamentary democracy are very well known. However, what remains unknown to this day is how his ideas had a remarkable influence on the ideologues of the Francoist state between 1939 and 1942. During these years, a debate developed among Francoist jurists about whether Francisco Franco was a “sovereign dictator,” that is, a dictator legitimized (...) by popular consent, or rather a new kind of “monarch” that emerged in the context of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). This paper aims to explain how two ideological factions formed in Francoist Spain. The “Decisionist Francoism” of Juan Beneyto Pérez, Francisco Elías de Tejada, and Luis Legaz Lacambra held that Franco emerged as a reaction to the process of “legalization” triggered by liberalism in Spain. The “Weberian Francoism” of Francisco Javier Conde held that Franco was a charismatic and traditional leader whose position emerged in response to the Civil War. I explain how three concepts of Schmitt's anti-iberalism inspired Francoist theorists: political theology, dictatorship, and the rejection of parliamentary democracy. (shrink)

Lysine methylation has been traditionally associated with histones and epigenetics. Recently, lysine methyltransferases and demethylases – which are involved in methylation of non‐histone substrates – have been frequently found deregulated in human tumours. In this realm, a new discovery has unveiled the methyltransferase SMYD3 as an enhancer of Ras‐driven cancer. SMYD3 is up‐regulated in different types of tumours. SMYD3‐mediated methylation of MAP3K2 increases mutant K‐Ras‐induced activation of ERK1/2. Methylation of MAP3K2 prevents it from binding to the phosphatase PP2A, thereby impeding (...) the impact of this negative regulator on Ras‐ERK1/2 signals, leading to the formation of lung and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, depletion of SMYD3 synergises with a MEK inhibitor, currently in clinical trials, to block Ras‐driven pancreatic neoplasia. These results underscore the importance of lysine methylation in the regulation of signalling pathways relevant for tumourigenesis and endorse the development of drugs targeting unregulated lysine methylation as therapeutic agents in the struggle against cancer. (shrink)

El artículo estudia la tercera y última confrontación con el Tratado de la libertad de Schelling que Heidegger sostuvo en 1941. El objetivo consiste en explicar el contexto del problema del acabamiento de la metafísica del idealismo alemán, para analizar la posición que tiene Heidegger de las nociones de diferencia y voluntad forjadas por la filosofía tardía de Schelling; de esta manera, a partir del abismo de la voluntad se muestra la intersección entre la filosofía de la libertad de Schelling (...) y la ontología del evento de Heidegger. (shrink)

In this work we extend approximate aggregation methods in time discrete linear models to the case of time varying environments. Approximate aggregation consists in describing some features of the dynamics of a general system involving many coupled variables in terms of the dynamics of a reduced system with a few number of variables. We present a time discrete time varying model in which we distinguish two time scales. By using perturbation methods we transform the system to make the global variables (...) appear and build up the aggregated system. The asymptotic relationships between the general and aggregated systems are explored in the cases of a cyclically varying environment and a changing environment in process of stabilization. We show that under quite general conditions the knowledge of the behavior of the aggregated system characterizes that of the general system. The general method is also applied to aggregate a multiregional time dependent Leslie model showing that the aggregated model has demographic rates depending on the equilibrium proportions of individuals in the different patches. (shrink)

The article explores the moral conflict between individual animal rights and the value of species conservation, using the culling of kangaroos to save earless dragons in Australia as a case study. The author argues that species do not possess nonderivative final value and thus cannot justify the infringement of individual rights. While recognizing the instrumental and contributory value of species, the paper rejects philosophical arguments that claim species have nonderivative value, such as the replication argument and the last person argument. (...) The author concludes that while there are important conservation duties, they should not violate individual rights, as exemplified by the kangaroo culling practice, which must be abolished. (shrink)

El presente articulo busca trazar ciertas coordenadas que nos permitan pensar el nuevo terreno extendido de la política contemporánea, proponiendo - a partir sobre todo del pensamiento de Bernard Stiegler - que este tiene lugar en el campo de las nuevas psicotecnologías al servicio del capital especulativo y financiero transnacional. Veremos que estas son piloteadas por una verdadera guerra económica que busca capturar y explotar el tiempo disponible de nuestro cerebro, condicionando de este modo el campo pulsional de los individuos (...) transformados así en consumidores. La explotación de nuestra atención y de nuestro campo pulsional implica una crisis y agotamiento del deseo y, al mismo tiempo, un proceso de gran regresión, lo que augura el advenimiento de una sociedad del capricho, de la desafección y adicción, destruyendo las bases mismas de la vida democrática. La tarea del pensamiento crítico consiste en la invención de nuevas armas conceptuales que reactiven la potencia pública a partir de las mismas potencialidades presentes en las tecnologías numéricas, de cara a abrir nuevos horizontes de deseos y esperanzas compartidos. (shrink)

We prove that a combinatorial consequence of the negation of the PCF conjecture for intervals, involving free subsets relative to set mappings, is not implied by even the strongest known large cardinal axiom.

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o projeto arquitetônico de fundamentação da ética do discurso desenvolvido por Karl-Otto Apel, a partir da década de 70. Pretendemos mostrar que Apel, a partir da linguagem, buscará desenvolver uma ética da responsabilidade para a sociedade global. Neste sentido, a linguagem enquanto médium intransponível de toda reflexão teórica e prática fundamenta uma intersubjetividade, que torna possível uma ética do acordo mútuo. Esta ética buscará dar conta, não apenas do plano normativo, mas, levará em consideração, (...) também, o âmbito prático de fundamentação. (shrink)

Leonardo Polo no es un filósofo cualquiera. Según Google Scholar es uno de los filósofos más citados en el campo de la antropología filosófica, tanto en español como en inglés. Este estudio presenta el proyecto PODIUN y explora diversas alternativas para la creación de un corpus digital destinado a mejorar la calidad de la investigación científica así como la difusión de su filosofía. Lo que aquí se presenta supone el punto de partida hacia una investigación de lingüística computacional cada vez (...) más articulada, incluyendo técnicas de inteligencia artificial. (shrink)

Mechanistic frameworks of investigation and explanation dominate the cognitive, neural, and psychological sciences. In this dissertation, I argue that mechanistic frameworks cannot, in principle, explain some kinds of cognition. In its place, I argue that complexity science has methods and theories more appropriate for investigating and explaining some cognitive phenomena. -/- I begin with an examination of the term 'cognition.' I defend the idea that "cognition" has been a moving target of investigation in the relevant sciences. As such it is (...) not historically true that there has been a thoroughly entrenched and agreed upon conception of "cognition." Next, I take up mechanistic frameworks. Although 'mechanism' is an umbrella term for a set of loosely related characteristics, there are common features: linearity, localization, and component dominance. I then describe complexity science, with emphasis on its utilization of dynamical systems modeling. Next, I discuss two phenomena that typically fall under the purview of complexity science: nonlinearity and interaction dominance. -/- A complexity science framework guided by the theory of self-organized criticality and utilizing the methods of dynamical systems modeling can surmount a number of challenges that face mechanistic frameworks when investigating some kinds of cognition. The first challenge is epistemic and concerns the inadequacy of mechanistic frameworks to facilitate the comprehensibility of massive amounts of data across various scales and areas of inquiry. I argue that complexity science is more appropriate for making big data comprehensible when investigating cognition, particularly across disciplines. I demonstrate this via an approach called nested dynamical modeling (NDM). NDM can facilitate comprehensibility of large amounts of data obtained from various scales of investigation by eliminating irrelevant degrees of freedom of that system as relates to the target of investigation. -/- The second shortcoming concerns ontological blind spots within mechanistic frameworks. Cognitive phenomena like extended cognition often fail to meet most, if not all, of the criteria assumed by many mechanistic approaches, especially component dominance. I argue that research guided by the notion of interaction dominance allows for extended cognition to be a real, empirically supported phenomenon within complex systems frameworks. In this chapter I discuss some of my experimental work on extended cognitive systems. -/- The search for mechanisms can be a reasonable starting position when attempting to explain natural phenomena in the life sciences. However, too strict of an adherence to theoretical and methodological commitments such as linearity, localization, and component dominance can result in intractable epistemic challenges and ontological blind spots. Complexity science has theories and methods to overcome such challenges in the investigation of cognition. (shrink)

The presence of the past is of prime importance in today's Mexican society. According to José Fuentes Mares, among the “peoples of the world the Mexican is the one who lives history the most”. With regard to the unsatisfactory relations between Mexico and North America, the journalist Alan Riding asks himself: “How can a people who relish the past to the point of intoxication understand another that looks constantly to the future?” In the Republic of Mexico, according to him, “the (...) entire past of the country throws a dense shadow over the present”. Conforming to a universal custom, every country divides its present past into four groups (survival, residues, memories and history), but in few nations are the four groups as copious as in this one. Although Mexico is rapidly shedding many old customs and is selling residual objects to foreign collectors on the sly, its historical treasure is still enormous, perhaps the largest in the world. (shrink)

No prefácio da segunda edição da Crítica da razão pura, Kant propõe uma revolução metodológica em Filosofia similar à revolução copernicana: ao invés de tratar o observador como um centro fixo em torno do qual os objetos gravitam, pensá-lo antes como um móvel cujos movimentos cognitivos permitiriam explicar fenômenos anteriormente inexplicáveis. Alguns filósofos contemporâneos sugerem que essa revolução deva ser realizada de um ponto de vista geográfico, pois os problemas fundamentais da Filosofia parecem gravitar todos em torno do mesmo centro (...) fixo, o qual não é confrontado à fragilidade de sua posição geográfica contingente, o centro europeu. O objetivo deste artigo é reconstruir as linhas gerais dessa nova revolução copernicana como um procedimento de reavaliação de três vetores centrais do saber: o Eu, o Outro e o Todo. (shrink)