The increase in women’s labor market participation emphasizes the importance of understanding maternal separation anxiety, that is, the unpleasant maternal emotional state, due to the actual or anticipated short-term separation from the child. Drawing on the insights of the attachment and psychoanalytic perspectives, the Maternal Separation Anxiety Scale was developed to overcome existing measurement gaps. However, prior research did not replicate its original three-factor structure in the contemporary context and in other cultural settings, using large samples composed of mothers of (...) preschool children. This study aimed to examine the factorial structure of the MSAS in a sample of 597 Portuguese mothers of children aged 5–84 months who completed the questionnaire. The exploratory factor analysis conducted in subsample 1 revealed a four-factor structure: Maternal Negative Feelings, Beliefs about Exclusive Maternal Care, Need of Proximity, and Perceptions of Separation Benefits for Children. Confirmatory factor analyses conducted in subsample 2 revealed that the original three-factor structure revealed a poor fit, whereas the four-factor solution revealed an acceptable fit. As in previous studies, our findings report deviations from the original three-factor structure of the MSAS. Three of the newly identified factors seem to reflect specific sub-dimensions that originally guided item development in the MSAS, namely, maternal negative feelings, maternal attitudes about the value of exclusive maternal care, and the need of proximity with the child. The last factor appears to represent a refinement of original items pertaining to perceptions about separation effects for children. (shrink)

This article summarily presents the explicitation interview with some examples of interviews. In the first part, referring to three excerpts from protocols, we consider some of the techniques used to guide a subject into an introspective posture. We show how these techniques create conditions conducive to access to pre-reflective knowledge, knowledge stemming from a moment of action experienced by the subject, of which the subject has no knowledge in the mode of reflective consciousness. Some of this knowledge is in fact (...) surprising both for the interviewer and for the interviewee. The experience or the expertise of the subject interviewed is invariably increased as a result. In the second part, we provide a brief insight into the fields of application of the explicitation interview, with reference to three case studies, which are presented in a vivid and detailed way . We conclude with a very brief panorama of the various known fields of application of the explicitation interview. (shrink)

As James Caesar highlights in Reconstructing America, the word “globalization” seems sometimes to be synonymous with “Americanization” or “Americanism,” evoking negative images. Globalization may bring indigenous cultures to their death and cause national individualism to disappear into a shapeless muddle. On Americanism, Heidegger declared that it was “the future monstrosity of modern times.” This would be homogenization, the rubbing out of cultural specificity, life in one universe, one dimension. Extremists like Alexandre Kohève take it further still. It would be the (...) end of history. Third world nations, particularly the Caribbean countries, would be predesignated victims of such an order, without power in political or economic realms, only making the front page of newspapers during cataclysm and natural catastrophes like Hugo, George, and Mitch. The tiny island of Montserrat, never before known to the West, rose to international fame when its volcano La Soufrière began to erupt. Rwanda would be known for genocide, and the Congo for a civil war and the assassination of its leader. (shrink)

This article searches in this pages that follow to reflect on the uptake of symbols and meanings of texts from the perspective of the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur. For this, as foundation brings up the discussion of the elements that make up its hermeneutic phenomenology of associative manner, aiming, in turn, to go beyond the task of capturing the meaning of texts and symbols. Thus, the research notes that the philosopher seems to want to apply a legitimate effort in understanding (...) ourselves and, above all, in the world. However, this perspective, it is not easy to see relations between understanding and explanation, since his own notion of text has a certain recovery of the meeting remain regarding how to cope with such relationships. Finally, this article argues through existential notions, the ricouerian hermeneutical defense of philosophy as enlightening function, then going to be an attempt at expression and proclamation of the sense of the unsaid. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objeto a centralidade da riqueza no mundo moderno, como fato dominante e como norma, ou seja, como o que orienta e regula as atividades social e individual. Iniciaremos com a consideração de que a criação de riqueza material como meta da vida humana a envolver toda a sociedade – esse modo de viver centrado na economia – é condição que pertence apenas às sociedades modernas e à sua forma econômica, o capitalismo, tendo-se expandido por todas (...) as regiões do planeta. Para abordarmos este tema, tomaremos como apoio e ponto de partida as instigantes reflexões de Eric Weil, desenvolvidas especialmente em sua obra Filosofia Política, o que não significará adotá-las in- condicionalmente. Em seguida, examinaremos a relação entre o desenvolvimento dessa forma de existência social e o surgimento de uma ciência da economia, que figurará como dimensão decisiva de seu universo simbólico. À guisa de conclusão, buscaremos levantar algumas questões: pôde sustentar-se, por séculos, essa exaltação da riqueza apenas pela coerção? Ou será esta uma forma de vida que, em alguma medida, adotamos, por com ela nos identificarmos? Mas se a vida humana não é apenas realidade econômica, e se as suas questões fundamentais, necessariamente, vão muito além da economia, tomá-la como a sua dimensão principal, fazendo da riqueza a finalidade última da atividade coletiva, não será um enorme equívoco histórico? E se a bem-aventurança econômica prometida não se puder concretizar, não estaremos também diante de um impasse essencial? A resposta positiva a estas questões nos levará à conclusão de que, embora ainda não saibamos como, faz-se imperativo restabelecermos a economia da riqueza como meio, e não como fim da vida humana. Palavras-chave: Riqueza. Economia. Vida Humana. Ética. Sociedade Moderna. Eric Weil. (shrink)

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion.

Lors des entretiens pré- IVG chez les mineures dans le cadre du Centre de planification, la conseillère conjugale se pose la question de ce qu’il est nécessaire de connaître pour que cet entretien aide la jeune fille à vivre son interruption de grossesse et à affronter éventuellement ses parents. Comment poser des limites à cet entretien bien particulier? Que transmettre dans le dossier de la patiente et dans la synthèse avec les autres partenaires?

Bien que le thème de la révolution soit marginal dans l’œuvre de Gustav Chpet, il nous permet d’éclairer certains aspects importants de sa vie et de sa pensée. Le rapport de Chpet à la révolution a évolué entre ses années de jeunesse et l’année 1922, où il écrit sa préface à l’Aperçu du développement de la philosophie russe. Dans ce texte, ce qu’il entend par « révolution » ne correspond pas non plus aux événements historiques qu’il vient de traverser. Il (...) y définit la révolution en l’opposant au projet de l’intelligentsia et en la plaçant du côté de la vraie vie. Il la pense comme une perspective permettant d’allier le développement de la culture et l’épanouissement de la personne humaine. En nous référant à ses écrits, nous montrerons que, pour lui, il ne s’agissait pas d’une utopie mais, au contraire, des conditions de résistance à toute forme d’autoritarisme intellectuel. C’est cela qui, s’enracinant dans l’idée fondamentale de son œuvre, lui permit aussi d’accomplir au mieux sa tâche de philosophe. (shrink)

In his book Appearance and Sense Gustav Shpet, comparing Immanuel Kant’s transcendental logic with the traditional probleтs of the philosophy of language, thought it appropriate and conceptually effective to turn to the medieval scholastic debate on universals. Later, in the Hermeneutics and Its Problems, he goes back to this discussion and notes that it was the framework in which the thirteenth-century tradition of “terminist” logic was formed. Shpet attributed the fruitfulness of this approach to his concept of the inner form (...) of the word. Terminist logic is based on the definition and analysis of such terms as significatio, suppositio, expositio, exponibilia, and Shpet, in examining them, demonstrates the consonance of his concept with terminist logic. Proceeding from thirteenth-century logical studies, he proposes his own approach to resolving the contradictions found in Kant’s critical philosophy. Shpet believed that transcendental idealism failed to resolve the problem of the relation between intuition and concept (even though Kantian “schematism” was a search for such resolution). This inherent Kantian problem is for Shpet a take-off point to which he kept returning throughout his career. I will pay particular attention to such works as Appearance and Sense, in which Shpet broadens the problematics of Husserl’s phenomenology, and The Inner Form of the Word, in which he reinterprets Humboldt’s philosophy of language. In both cases Shpet shows that neither Husserl nor Humboldt managed to overcome the Kantian contradiction. So the reference to Kant is a starting point from which Shpet proceeds to put forward and consolidate his hypotheses. It is in thirteenth-century terminist logic that Shpet will see an original way of overcoming the Kantian contradiction and direct us toward interpreting the problems of the philosophy of language. (shrink)

APLICAÇÃO DA ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DO DIREITO AO NOVO MARCO REGULATÓRIO DO PRÉ-SAL.

O caráter protocolar desempenhado pelas matemáticas na formulação do conceito cartesiano de ciência é amplamente difundido e frequentemente reinvocado na literatura especializada quando se trata de abordar a exigência apodítica inerente a este conceito. No entanto, pouco se explora o que a diversidade das disciplinas matemáticas bem como a relação entretida por elas permite trazer de elucidação à noção cartesiana de ciência. Nosso propósito consiste, aqui, em tomar posição quanto a um debate acerca do estatuto da álgebra e da geometria (...) como disciplinas que fixam os lineamentos da teoria cartesiana do conhecimento ao exibirem o que Descartes reputaria como a aplicação ideal do intelecto. Trata-se de insistir, por vias que assinalam uma decisão teórica em favor de uma concepção mais intelectualista e menos imaginativa da ciência, que não há hesitação quanto ao papel primitivo e fundacional da álgebra se comparada à geometria. (shrink)

Comment aborder la souffrance conjugale dans la consultation de conseil conjugal et familial? Le couple qui pousse la porte du bureau d’une conseillère conjugale n’a pas d’a priori, il vient chercher une écoute, de l’aide. À travers quelques vignettes cliniques, l’auteur expose la spécificité de l’écoute et du soutien du conseiller conjugal.

De nos expériences de conseillères conjugales et familiales, nous avons le sentiment d’un féminin difficile à représenter, comme si les jeunes femmes “zappaient” le féminin pour le maternel. À partir de situations auprès de groupes d’adolescentes et d’adultes, les deux auteures se sont attachées à saisir ce qui vient se dire du féminin chez les jeunes filles et leurs parents. Elles en discutent la spécificité de leurs places en tant que conseillères conjugales et familiales comme créatrices d’un espace de transmission.

Na perspectiva de que nosso presente está construído sobre muitas injustiças, a pesquisa busca por meio de uma releitura da obra “Memórias de Auschwitz”: atualidade moral e política , de Reyes Mate, resgatar questões ligadas diretamente aos relatos dos sobreviventes, feitos a partir de um roteiro previamente estabelecido, cuja natureza, intenção e resultados são induzidos a questionamentos e reflexões. No limiar do trabalho há também um levante sobre a luz da ética e moral dentro das considerações a respeito das características (...) intrínsecas ao testemunho , e a de seu proferidor fundamentado nos testemunhos dos sobreviventes, não só pela veracidade da narrativa, mas principalmente sob a ótica e perspectiva sobre o quanto vale a sobrevivência, em razão da ideia de o que está em jogo é a humanidade. (shrink)

O debate contemporâneo nas teoria das relações internacionais é marcado por duas perspectivas: de um lado a perspectiva do realismo político que concebe a paz como um ideal inacessível e a guerra como meio necessário para a aquisição e manutenção do poder; e de outro lado a perspectiva do normativismo ou idealismo que pensa o fim das relações internacionais para além dos conflitos de interesse e da luta por poder. A primeira perspectiva trata as relações internacionais em nível do ser, (...) a segunda em nível do dever ser. Tendo em vista esse cenário, a nossa ideia neste artigo consiste em abordar o problema da guerra e da paz a partir de um estudo interdisciplinar mediante contribuições do Direito Internacional Público e da Filosofia de Kant. Num primeiro momento analisaremos o paradoxo da guerra, em seguida o papel do Direito Internacional Público para a problemática da paz, e por último as contribuições de Kant para a redefinição normativa do direito internacional a partir do seu projeto republicano da liga de paz. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook Jahrgang: 2016 Heft: 1 Seiten: 51-74.

This work presents the case of the Yanomami indigenous people from Brazil that were the object of US ethnography initiated in the 1960s. The research brought harmful repercussions to the life of the Indigenous people of Brazil for several decades, and it took more than 40 years until the beginning of a process of reparation involving the Brazilian government and American universities. Objective: to discuss the meaning of the return of Yanomami blood samples, as well as contributions from the epistemologies (...) of traditional Indigenous knowledge to the debate about research ethics and the structuring of means for the social control of researchers and the protection of participants in scientific studies, having as an example the Yanomami indigenous people from Brazil, subjected to noxious ethnography in the 1960s and the 1970s. This work used data reports recorded in secondary sources. In this article we argue that Bioethics needs to further diversify its epistemological foundations and to consider epistemologies and cosmologies beyond the frontiers of Western science, as the case of the abusive research involving the Yanomami indigenous people in Brazil reveals. We argue that traditional knowledge, such as those of indigenous and quilombolas, with their epistemologies and cosmologies, are fundamental for the election of less colonized and more efficient principles of research ethics, regarding the protection of the participants' rights in scientific studies. Traditional indigenous populations can teach us a great deal about doing research. (shrink)

Although corporate social innovation studies in developing countries acknowledge the importance of firm resources and capabilities for attaining social goals, they overlook the way in which these interact with broader institutions to generate successful outcomes. We address this gap by exploring the relationship between firm resources-capabilities and institutions that is conducive to meeting both business and social interests in developing countries. By employing a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of corporate social innovation projects performed by joint ventures of Dutch SMEs and (...) their local partners in developing countries, we show that firm resources and/or capabilities complement strong institutions in these countries. Corporate social innovation can also be facilitated by firm capabilities in running highly legitimate projects that substitute institutional voids in these economies, attesting to multiple paths that corporations can take to achieve social innovation. (shrink)

O objetivo do artigo é determinar as evidências do irracionalismo nos textos iniciais de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos com respeito à teoria do conhecimento, considerando o período de preparação do autor para seu posicionamento posterior na fenomenologia. Para tanto, foi realizada análise imanente dos textos selecionados (1939-1955). Os resultados sugerem que as evidências do irracionalismo compareceram pela adesão do autor ao agnosticismo relativista presente nas posições do existencialismo e da fenomenologia, preenchendo assim uma lacuna na pesquisa a respeito do pensamento do (...) sociólogo brasileiro. Tal adesão se deu em circunstância de reação ao marxismo elegido como adversário a ser combatido, da mesma maneira em que fora confrontado por tendências irracionalistas na filosofia. (shrink)