Si les écrans sont multiples, les images sont toujours à construire dans une expérience perceptive qui participe aux cheminements du sens et des imaginaires. En virtualisant ses émotions esthétiques par le recours permanent à Internet et aux réseaux sociaux, le spectateur s'engage dans des approches complexes, à la fois conceptuelles et émotionnelles. Une coexistence qui lui permet de vivre des expériences esthétiques au fort potentiel critique. Face à la présence de plus en plus grande du virtuel dans les vies quotidiennes, (...) et aux débordements de l'image hors de la surface écran à travers les technologies de réalité augmentée, l'enjeu est aujourd'hui de repenser la place du corps. (shrink)

Ayn Rand, née Alise Rosenbaum en URSS en 1905 et disparue en 1982 à New York, est aux antipodes de la pensée critique européenne : son éthique de l'égoïsme, son culte de la rationalité doublé d'une ode à la liberté, sa pensée capitaliste intransigeante, sa brutalité intellectuelle en font un personnage controversé. Anticonformiste radicale, elle reste aussi une curiosité en Amérique, puisqu'elle parvient tout à la fois à fustiger l'interventionnisme économique de Roosevelt et Kennedy, condamner la guerre du Vietnam, défendre (...) l'avortement, critiquer la religion et tailler en pièces le racisme. S'il importe de comprendre son œuvre, c'est au moins à double titre. D'abord pour saisir sa popularité aux États-Unis, où son roman La Grève reste considéré comme un des ouvrages les plus influents après la Bible. Ensuite, pour opérer un droit d'inventaire sur une pensée de l'émancipation qui exalte la confiance en l'individu, acteur de son propre destin. Elle réhabilite ainsi la notion d'héroïsme, à la croisée des idées et d'une passion pour le cinéma qui imprègne toute son œuvre. Mathilde Berger-Perrin s'essaie avec brio et empathie à ce difficile exercice d'admiration et de distanciation."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:American Journal of Philology 124.3 (2003) 489-492 [Access article in PDF] Mathilde Skoie. Reading Sulpicia: Commentaries 1475-1990. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. xii + 362 pp. 10 black-and-white ills. Cloth, $74. Interest in the Sulpicia elegies has revived over the past two decades, and Reading Sulpicia offers a fresh look at the tradition of scholarship that the poems have inspired. Through close study of seven commentaries, Mathilde (...) Skoie traces the reception of Corpus Tibullianum 3.13-18 (4.7-12), a cycle of poems that scholarly opinion now generally attributes to a Roman woman of the Augustan period, Sulpicia. Reading Sulpicia is both a history of Sulpicia's reception and a sophisticated investigation of the commentary as a genre with its own interpretative conventions.Skoie's approach is grounded in the reader- and reception-oriented theory of critics such as Stanley Fish and Hans Robert Jauss, although she gives herself room to maneuver by using their work as a "point of departure" and a heuristic tool, rather than applying any one method rigidly (3-5). At the beginning of her study, Skoie proposes that individual commentaries document modes of reading a text at particular times and in specific cultural and intellectual settings; each reading is the product of a dialogue between a historically situated commentator and a text. She also suggests that the enterprise of philology is inescapably hermeneutic: even the ostensibly objective procedures of establishing a text or citing parallel passages require "acts of interpretation" and a sense of context. Although the claim that philology is a hermeneutic activity is not new, as Skoie herself points out, one of the most attractive features of her book is the adroit way in which she demonstrates her point. In her survey of commentaries, Skoie documents how each commentator is also "a creator" who constructs "the character of Sulpicia" from "the materials of her text" (20). In the case of the Sulpicia elegies, moreover, the construction of Sulpicia is manifestly a product of reading, since external evidence about the authorship and provenance of the poems is lacking (13).In examining the "interpretational agenda" of the commentaries, Skoie pays particular attention to the ideas about gender and morality implicit in the commentators' responses to the poems (20). This approach pulls her wide-ranging study into sharper focus, and it opens up a productive field of inquiry, since the elegies themselves challenge the reader (and commentator) on these very grounds. Generically unconventional, they feature a female speaker rather than a male, one who voices her own desire and, in 3.13, joyously announces the consummation [End Page 489] of her love. Skoie's most nuanced discussions concern the commentators' verbal responses to the poems, but she also justly treats physical aspects of the commentaries—e.g., illustrations and other decorative elements, page design, and how the poems are grouped—as a part of the poems' reception. Readers who do not have ready access to some of the older commentaries will appreciate her detailed descriptions of their organization, her appendix of sample pages from the commentaries, and her practice of including generous excerpts from the texts that she discusses.The book's first chapter examines the commentary on the Tibullan corpus (1475) of the Italian humanist Bernardinus Cyllenius. In the fifteenth century, as Skoie notes, classical texts were frequently used as rhetorical models or read—allegorically, if necessary—as a source of moral exempla. Both the difficult syntax of the Sulpicia poems and their frank eroticism could thus pose a challenge to the commentator who wished to present them as models. Skoie argues that Cyllenius confronts the poems' problematic sexuality by "normalizing" it and by treating the elegies written in Sulpicia's voice as he does those spoken by a male narrator. While he freely admits that the Sulpicia of 3.13 has made love with Cerinthus, Cyllenius shifts attention away from the unorthodox features of the poems, declining to stress the fact that the speaker is both female and unmarried (56-59).Chapter 2 examines Joseph Scaliger's edition of Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius (1577). Here... (shrink)

There are two theoretical approaches in statistical mechanics, one associated with Boltzmann and the other with Gibbs. The theoretical apparatus of the two approaches offer distinct descriptions of the same physical system with no obvious way to translate the concepts of one formalism into those of the other. This raises the question of the status of one approach vis-à-vis the other. We answer this question by arguing that the Boltzmannian approach is a fundamental theory while Gibbsian statistical mechanics is an (...) effective theory, and we describe circumstances under which Gibbsian calculations coincide with the Boltzmannian results. We then point out that regarding GSM as an effective theory has important repercussions for a number of projects, in particular attempts to turn GSM into a nonequilibrium theory. (shrink)

INTRODUCTION I have often asked myself why Husserl, really, headed in the direction of transcendental idealism from the time of his ...

The article explores specificities of thematization of science and scientific rationality in Martin Heidegger’s fundamental ontology. This analysis focuses on the concept of scienticity, character- istic for Heidegger’s “early” line of thought, as well as continuation and divergence of exposition of “science” and the nature of “theoretical attitude” as the subject of interpretation of transcen- dental phenomenology of E. Husserl. This research places an emphasis on particularity of Hei- degger’s explication of existential concept of science as opposed to prevailing logico-epistemolog- (...) ical philosophy of science, and foundation of thematization of scientific “subject matters” and theoretical attitude upon the universe of ontological understanding of being of entities (regional ontologies). It also focuses on Heidegger’s assertion of fundamental ontological projection in a status of a peculiar “science of knowledge”, which gives ground for a priori pre-conditions of specific sciences. Separate attention is paid to a specifically Heideggerian approach to explication of the rooting of initial scientific orientation in the sphere of pre-scientific experience, which ar- ticulates itself in so called “fundamental concepts”, as well as positioning of contemplative ‘present-at-hand’ paradigm of theoretical knowledge as a derivative modus of a primary use of ‘ready-to-handness’ as a phenomenological founding basis of everydayness’ experience. The author came to the attention that scientific knowledge is a project Dasein. It is within the framework of self-design that Dasein thematizes what happens to another region of being that is the subject of scientific knowledge. In other words, making things available in researching, applying themes, provided that the design allowed late as the systematic development of the most modern buildings, such as is done in the world, and possibly everyday greeting improvised performance. (shrink)

Zygmunt Ratajczyk was a deep and subtle mathematician who, with mastery, used sophisticated and technically complex methods, in particular combinatorial and proof-theoretic ones. Walking always along his own paths and being immune from actual trends and fashions he hesitated to publish his results, looking endlessly for their improvement.

This article discusses the biography, works and philosophical views of Giuseppe Angiolini, an Italian Jesuit working at the Academy of Polotsk at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. The whole philosophy represented by Angiolini is in line with Italian Catholic philosophy, which in turn was influenced by the traditional Jesuit Collegium Romanum. The philosophy of Angiolini contains certain Suarezian ideas. In this respect it was influenced by the Jesuit tradition, especially as regards the mental difference between essence and (...) existence, and modalism. (shrink)

En 1570, les jesuites fonderent un college à Vilna, en Lituanie, qui a ete transforme en Academie en 1579. Un cours special de Philosophie qui durait trois ans y a ete introduit en 1572. Le present article est consacre au jesuite espagnol Pedro Viana, professeur de Philosophie à Vilna de 1575 à 1578. Des sources inconnues jusqu'à maintenant nous permettront d'eclairer d'un nouveau jour la personnalite de cet Espagnol qui sur ses soixante annees de vie en passa cinq dans la (...) Republique de Deux Nations, etat compose alors des terres dites de la Couronne et du Grand Duche de Lituanie, et contribua au developpement de la philosophie de ces deux nations. En meme temps, ce texte montre comment on enseignait la philosophie à Vilna dans les annees 70 du XVIe siecle. (shrink)

The article reviews the book Edukacja oświeceniowa a szkoła tradycyjna. Z dziejów kultury intelektualnej i filozoficznej [Enlightenment Education and Traditional Education: From the History of Intellectual and Philosophical Culture], by Stanisław Janeczek.

In Spain, the state of alarm declared on March 14, 2020 caused changes in the population in relation to the habits of physical activity and sports practice. This study analyzed what motivational variables predicted the self-efficacy and commitment to sports practice, as well as the differences according to gender, during lockdown and the progressive de-escalation caused by COVID-19, using the theory of self-determination as a theoretical framework. The study sample was conformed of 179 subjects between 18 and 65 years of (...) age. The Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire, the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale, the Physical Activity Self-Efficacy scale, and the Sport Commitment scale were applied. The most relevant results have showed significant differences in favor of the male gender in terms of levels of controlled motivation and amotivation, as well as higher levels of self-efficacy and basic psychological need of autonomy. Furthermore, the regression analysis has revealed that self-efficacy and current commitment to sports practice were explained by a variance of 57 and 64%, respectively, due to autonomous motivation and the basic psychological need of competence. Therefore, the basic psychological need of competence should be fostered in order to increase the levels of self-determined motivation, self-efficacy, and commitment to sports practice of the population. (shrink)

The paper is aimed at studying the topological dimension for sets definable in weakly o-minimal structures in order to prepare background for further investigation of groups, group actions and fields definable in the weakly o-minimal context. We prove that the topological dimension of a set definable in a weakly o-minimal structure is invariant under definable injective maps, strengthening an analogous result from [2] for sets and functions definable in models of weakly o-minimal theories. We pay special attention to large subsets (...) of Cartesian products of definable sets, showing that if X, Y and S are non-empty definable sets and S is a large subset of X × Y, then for a large set of tuples $\langle \overline{a}_{1},\ldots,\overline{a}_{2^{k}}\rangle \in X^{2^{k}}$ , where k = dim(Y), the union of fibers $S_{\overline{a}_{1}}\cup \cdots \cup S_{\overline{a}_{2^{k}}}$ is large in Y. Finally, given a weakly o-minimal structure ������, we find various conditions equivalent to the fact that the topological dimension in ������ enjoys the addition property. (shrink)

Narrative views of agency and identity arise in opposition to reductionism in both domains. While reductionists understand both identity and agency in terms of their components, narrativists respond that life and action are both constituted by narratives, and since the components of a narrative gain their meaning from the whole, life and action not only incorporate their constituent parts but also shape them. I first lay out the difficulties with treating narrative as constitutive of metaphysical identity and turn to its (...) function in practical identity. I then explore the ways narrative shapes our agency—by tapping into our motivational structures, providing an understanding of the social background within which our agency operates, guiding our agency through an understanding of our histories and aspirations, providing the links that structure actions internally, and allowing us to change the meaning of our pasts. I suggest that putting these functions of narrative together may allow us to genuinely shape our past motivational structures through our actions. Finally, if life has the form of a narrative, it may seem as if mortality is necessary for our lives and their contents to be meaningful: a narrative, it might seem, relies on the ending for its meaning. If so, an immortal life would be meaningless. I examine the possibility that even an immortal life may draw meaning from local narratives that constitute projects within such a life, while arguing that, to the contrary, narrative may be a tool exclusively adapted to mortal lives. (shrink)

We find meaning and value in our lives by engaging in everyday projects. But, according to a recent argument by Samuel Scheffler, this value doesn’t depend merely on what the projects are about. In many cases, it depends also on the future generations that will replace us. By imagining the imminent extinction of humanity soon after our own deaths, we can recognize both that much of our current valuing depends on a background confidence in the ongoing survival of humanity and (...) that the survival and flourishing of those future generations matters to us. After presenting Scheffler’s argument, I will explore two twentieth century precursors—Hans Morgenthau and Simone de Beauvoir—before returning to Scheffler to see that his argument can not only show us why future generations matter, but it can also give us hope for immortality and a blueprint for embracing a changing future. (shrink)

Recently, reliable interindividual differences were found for the way how individuals process multiple tasks and how they organize their responses. Previous studies have shown mixed results with respect to the flexibility of these preferences. On the one hand, individuals tend to adjust their preferred task processing mode to varying degrees of risk of crosstalk between tasks. On the other, response strategies were observed to be highly stable under varying between-resource competition. In the present study, we investigated whether the stability of (...) response strategies also persists with increased risk of crosstalk or whether individuals adjust their choice of response strategy, similar to what has been found at the level of task processing modes. Besides, related differences in multitasking efficiency were assessed. For this purpose, 53 participants performed the Free Concurrent Dual-Tasking paradigm, which allows them to control their task scheduling and response organization. The participants completed the FCDT paradigm under two conditions including task pairs characterized by either low or high levels of risk of crosstalk. The free choice of task scheduling resulted in the previously found distinct response patterns, best described as blocking, switching or response grouping. Remarkably, we did not find any notable adjustments of strategies of response organization to the extent of crosstalk. However, we observed suspected performance decrements of a switching strategy in the condition of high risk of crosstalk. The results suggest that individual strategies of response organization are stable habits. Further, they illustrate disadvantages of switching vs. blocking strategies of response organization in case of high task similarity. (shrink)

En el Gorgias, Platón distingue el modo de ser y actuar propio del filósofo frente al modo de ser y actuar propio del retórico. Para esto, usa comocriterio a la misma retórica a partir de la distinción retórica aduladora – retórica científica. Frente a esto, Aristóteles realiza una toma de posición quere formula las críticas platónicas referentes a la posibilidad de una technê retórica. El presente texto confrontara las condiciones que según el Gorgias debe cumplir la retórica para llegar a (...) ser technê con las características que, según Aristóteles, tiene la retórica a partir de su relación con la dialéctica. (shrink)

The author analyses the problematic of historical necessity and ethical regularity of socialism, taking the marxist philosophy as a point of departure. He criticizes opinions represented in philosophical and ideological discussions of this problem in the period of the Second International and argues that the above problematic, which results from a confrontation of marxism with a new historical situation and with the current of the neo-Kantian philosophy, was an axis which has brought into focus the theoretical decisions both of revisionists (...) and critics of marxism on one hand and of orthodox marxists on the other hand. (shrink)

The attack-and-defense game is a game in which an attacker has an incentive to revise the status quo and a defender wants to protect it. The asymmetry in objectives creates incompatible interests and results in a mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium. However, this equilibrium could be heavily impacted by behavioral considerations.

Nicholas of Cusa was first of all a theologian but he was interested also in mathematic and natural sciences. In fact philosophico-theological and mathematical ideas were intertwined by him, theological and philosophical ideas influenced his mathematical considerations, in particular when he considered philosophical problems connected with mathematics and vice versa, mathematical ideas and examples were used by him to explain some ideas from theology. In this paper we attempt to indicate this mutual influence. We shall concentrate on the following problems: (...) the role and place of mathematics and mathematical knowledge in knowledge in general and in particular in theological knowledge, ontology of mathematical objects and their origin, in particular their relations to God and their meaning for the description of the world and physical reality, infinity in mathematics versus infinity in theology and their mutual relations and connections. It will be shown that—according to Nicholas—mathematics and mathematical thinking are tools of rationalization of theology and liberating it in a certain sense from the trap of apophatic theology. (shrink)

We investigate small theories of Boolean ordered o-minimal structures. We prove that such theories are $\aleph_{0}-categorical$ . We give a complete characterization of their models up to bi-interpretability of the language. We investigate types over finite sets, formulas and the notions of definable and algebraic closure.

Models are of central importance in many scientific contexts. The roles the MIT bag model of the nucleon, the billiard ball model of a gas, the Bohr model of the atom, the Gaussian-chain model of a polymer, the Lorenz model of the atmosphere, the Lotka- Volterra model of predator-prey interaction, agent-based and evolutionary models of social interaction, or general equilibrium models of markets play in their respective domains are cases in point.

Given a group , G⊆Mm, definable in a first-order structure equation image equipped with a dimension function and a topology satisfying certain natural conditions, we find a large open definable subset V⊆G and define a new topology τ on G with which becomes a topological group. Moreover, τ restricted to V coincides with the topology of V inherited from Mm. Likewise we topologize transitive group actions and fields definable in equation image. These results require a series of preparatory facts concerning (...) dimension functions, some of which might be of independent interest. (shrink)

Let (M, ≤,...) denote a Boolean ordered o-minimal structure. We prove that a Boolean subalgebra of M determined by an algebraically closed subset contains no dense atoms. We show that Boolean algebras with finitely many atoms do not admit proper expansions with o-minimal theory. The proof involves decomposition of any definable set into finitely many pairwise disjoint cells, i.e., definable sets of an especially simple nature. This leads to the conclusion that Boolean ordered structures with o-minimal theories are essentially bidefinable (...) with Boolean algebras with finitely many atoms, expanded by naming constants. We also discuss the problem of existence of proper o-minimal expansions of Boolean algebras. (shrink)

The genesis of space and time is investigated within the rotational-monadic paradigm. It is established that the essence of the phenomenon of space is revealed through the dialectical synthesis of its two aspects — ideal and material, where the material aspect is represented by the metaphysical construct of protomonad. It is shown that basic physical distinctions such as motion, mass, gravitation find a meaningful hermeneutic through the material aspect of space, which has a purely discrete structure, while the contradiction about (...) finitude — infinity is resolved by juxtaposing metaphysical and ontic spaces, where the Universe is represented as an “egg”. The analysis of temporality is preceded by remarks on the relational and substantive concepts of time, consideration of the discreteness-continuity dilemma, and criticism of the absolutization of discreteness in the temporality representation. It is argued that discreteness and continuity are combined dialectical oppositions through which the temporal reality is actualized, where continuity is hidden from observation in the metaphysical world and discreteness is manifested explicitly in the physical world. Three dimensions of time — Present, Past and Future — are discussed, as a result of which it is stated that in the primary way time is found as an attribute of consciousness and only in the secondary way it correlates with phenomenological reality. New differentiations of time are revealed: interval Present, embracing as a universum other moduses of the Present, and two- component time in the form of cyclic and linear components which allow us to make a justified positive conclusion about the existence of transcendental subjectivity, being the basis of absolute temporality. (shrink)

Book review: Contemporary Polish Ontology. Skowron, B., Philosophical Analysis, 82. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter, 2020. pp.320.

Los jefes más destacados del partido de Trasibulo olvidan pronto su promesa sancionada en la ley de Arquino de no tomar revancha por actos acaecidos durante la dictadura de los treinta tiranos. Platón se va a enfrentar de esta forma en la Apología a uno de los enigmas más importantes y poco atendidos teóricamente del ámbito de la comunicación: el rumor. La condena y ajusticiamiento de Sócrates descansa precisamente en un rumor extendido por Atenas. Debe establecer, por tanto, una estrategia (...) que le permita recuperar la memoria de Sócrates, pero no se puede limitar a reivindicar esa memoria, sino que debe atacar una imagen que a todas luces la propia condena a muerte vendría a confirmar. Al mismo tiempo busca instalar una nueva que rehabilite la figura de su maestro y la dote de inmortalidad. Así pues, debe destruir la figura de Sócrates como sofista y como inspirador de la dictadura algunos de cuyos líderes fueron discípulos suyos. Además de las suspicacias que levantaba la cercanía de Sócrates con esas clases pudientes, únicas con tiempo para debatir, y acérrimas enemigas de la democracia radical ateniense. El resultado de la operación platónica salta a la vista toda vez que cualquier intento de separar la figura de Sócrates del personaje Sócrates resulta una empresa baldía. (shrink)

De Neys is right to criticize the exclusivity assumption in dual-process theories, but he misses the original sin underlying this assumption, which his working model continues to share. Conflict paradigms, in which experimenters measure how one cognitive process interferes (or does not interfere) with another, license few inferences about how the interfered-with process works on its own.

Para el común de las personas el proceso del conocimiento abarca desde el momento que el recién nacido empieza a ver manchas de luz y color carentes de significado. En poco tiempo llega a entender lo inmediato, tal como ocurre con el resto de los animales. Luego, va adquiriendo los conceptos de pasado y futuro e incorpora el lenguaje. Para que las impresiones sensoriales, que transmiten mensajes de la realidad, adquieran significado, deben ser estructuradas por redes conceptuales, que son fundamentalmente (...) lingüísticas. De ahí la importancia de analizar significados, de no renunciar a la función argumentativa del lenguaje, de no quedarnos en el nivel puramente sensorial. (shrink)

Transformácia politického systému -- Aktuálne problémy a riešenia -- Alternatívy súčasného kapitalizmu -- Cynizmus ako princíp -- Appendix o školstve.