The analysis of survival data often aims at the prediction of failure time distribution. In cases of competing risk events, the time distributions of more than one failure are under investigation. In this paper, the comparison of two approaches to analyzing survival data with competing risks is presented. The analyses are performed by use of an ensemble of dipolar trees with and without adjustment to competing risks.

Author: Bogaczyk Małgorzata Title: THE DIFFERENT ART. ON THE PRIMITIVE ART, NAÏVE ART AND ART BRUT (Sztuka Inna. O sztuce prymitywnej, naiwnej i surowej) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2006, vol:.6, number: 2006/1, pages: 239-256 Keywords: DIFFERENT ART, PRIMITIVE ART, ART BRUT, NAÏVE ART Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail:In the sketch I show some similarities in the artist’s way of perceiving the work of art, the process of artistic creativity, and the (...) fate of work in the inner reality, to quote Proust. The fact that all art is met with wider or narrower reception is the background for my analysis of the general phenomenon of the popularity of art fascinating or being rejected because of its variety. (shrink)

The article deals with the recurrent incorrect accent position in the German words articulated by Polish learners, whether when reading aloud or speaking. This seems all the more serious because incorrect word accent (as well as incorrect sentence accentuation) can contribute to communication problems or even misunderstandings. The main problem here is the frequency of the errors, which are always corrected, but without success. The article is meant as a postulate to work out efficient automation methods.

Drawing from an ethics of care, relational approaches to autonomy have recently emerged in bioethics. Unlike individual autonomy with its emphasis on patients’ rights, choice, and self-determination which has been the hallmark of bioethics consistent with the ideology of individualism in neoliberal democracies in Western countries, relational autonomy highlights the relatedness, interdependency, and social embeddedness of patients. By examining the mediating role that male Hospital Liaison Committee members in Germany play in facilitating care that supports Jehovah's Witnesses’ refusal of blood (...) transfusions, this article moves beyond ‘dyadic relations’ and contexts of caregiving. It also contributes to a deeper understanding of care and relational conceptualizations of Witness patients’ autonomy globally. (shrink)

The main idea of the article is that in our „postmodern” world ideologies are not at all dead but adopt new forms which I call both cynical (in Slotedijk’s sense of the term) and naïve. I start with reflecting on the very meaning of the term “ideology” and propose to adopt its broad and “dialectical” sense, embracing ideology as false knowledge and as false consciousness, but emphasizing its connection with power. After recalling some theories of the “end of ideology”, from (...) Aron to Lyotard, through Polish thinkers such as Leszek Kołakowski, all based on a rather narrow sense of ideology. I argue that ideologies understood as a complex interconnection of desire and power have regained a crucial role, after the fall of the communist utopia, in the context of consumerist and technological capitalism and its conservative opponents. (shrink)

Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienia struktury osobowości i filozoficznych podstaw psychologii oraz etyki w filozofii Bergsona i Junga. Psychologiczna aparatura pojęciowa Junga jest tak rozbudowana, że próżno by szukać jej odpowiednika u Bergsona, lecz istnieje daleko idąca zbieżność między obu autorami, jeśli chodzi o rozumienie zadań i metod psychologii, drogi i celu życia ludzkiego oraz naczelnych wartości etycznych. Jaźń jest w koncepcji Junga w zasadzie tym, czym "ja głębokie” dla Bergsona. Rozwój świadomości zarówno w porządku filogenetycznym, jak i ontogenetycznym, widzi Jung, podobnie (...) Jak Bergson, w procesie jej względnej emancypacji w stosunku do sfery instynktowej i nieświadomej. Tak dla Junga, jak i dla Bergsona, proces poznawania siebie - "stawania się tym czym się jest", to sprawa między człowiekiem a nim samym, sprawa indywidualna. Więc także i moralność jest sprawą indywidualną, przy czym u Bergsona jest jeszcze istotna relacja "ja-Bóg", która u Junga nie odgrywa takiej samej roli, bowiem nie przesądza on pozytywnie kwestii istnienia Boga, jakkolwiek obraz Boga ma ważną i nieredukowalną funkcję w psychice. Optymizm aksjologiczny tak u Bergsona, jak i Junga, wsparty jest na przekonaniu o ścisłym związku moralności z wolnością i na pewności, że świadome siebie Życie prowadzi do realizacji najwyższych wartości moralnych - wiary, nadziei, miłości i poznania. (shrink)

Advising is an important area of human activity, it helps to clarify own experiences and thoughts, increases self-awareness and competence, leads to well grounded decisions and choices. In modern times advising gained even more importance as it has successfully became a part of a business world. This very practical aspect of advising significantly influences development of technology, management methods and organization of human work, while at the same time it may lead to problems and risks of economical, political or ecological (...) nature. Hence advising should be supported by philosophical consideration and ethical assessment – this is even more so, as advising in it’s theoretical, methodological and ethical foundations is well grounded in philosophy. Main perspectives of reflection on advising are driven by traditional philosophical questions and disputes. Historical research shows that many virtues are of stable properties that last across ages. Thus, drawing on experience of philosophers-advisors from Sophists, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and Seneca we see that practical philosophy can give support in solving different problems of business advisory and can help in drawing professional code rules of advisor. (shrink)

The authoress focuses her attention on three major issues. She starts her deliberations by referring to the roots of philosophical and pedagogical ides of Europeanism. Then, she describes contemporary Europe from the perspective: of the world (external) and Europe itself (internal) creating a perspective for further analyses. Assuming that education is a screen of culture, the authoress points out interpretative bridges aimed at portraying education holistically understood as: being in the world, in Europe, “at home”. Ultimately, she shows the challenging (...) areas for education, which should integrate three modi of contemporary man’s existence: cosmopolitan, European, ethnic. (shrink)

Author present Peter Kivy's understanding of music, its expressive powers and its unique status as a music alone. She explains the concept of being moved by music, which has been presented by Peter Kivy in his book Music Alone (Oxford University Press, 1990).

a translation of A. Schoot "Kivy and Langer on Expressivity in Music".

The collection of papers addresses the perennial problem of the relation between language and meaning. It proposes various theoretical approaches to the issue ranging from a synergetic theory of meaning merging the cognitive and the socio-historical perspectives, through holistic, evolutionary models and a revision of some of the assumptions of Cognitive Metaphor Theory to the discussion of the role of pragmatic competence in meaning construction. A number of papers make recourse to corpus based studies and psycholinguistic experiments. The topics of (...) specific linguistic investigations cover such diverse issues as idiom processing, emotion words in Chinese, valuation of abstract nouns, the preposition <I>at and scalar adjectives. Several papers explore the application of the reflections on the nature of meaning to lexicography and translation. One, self-reflective article investigates the consequences of the unformulated assumptions about meaning for the coherence of proposed linguistic theories. The volume firmly places the study of meaning in the centre of the linguistic research by showing its significance for linguistic theory and its applications. (shrink)

The article discusses research conducted in a valuable biocoenosis in the Gnieźnieńskie Lakeland in central Poland. Protected within the Natura 2000 network, the area is simultaneously affected by climate change and anthropogenic pressures. The article suggests reconsidering the conservation site as engineered by the underwater stonewort meadows, rather than understanding it as an object managed by external experts. It is argued that a broader recognition of how the site is co-created and sustained through ecological processes, rather than solely through human (...) investments, fosters a sense of belonging and responsibility towards the environments that people share with others. (shrink)

Recently the virtual organization of work has become of crucial significance. The changes in the work environment induced by the Industry 4.0 revolution are also reflected in the emergence of virtual negotiations. New settings impose new challenges not only for negotiators, but also for higher education struggling to provide students with the best opportunities for comprehensive development. Given the applicability of virtual exchange (VE) in business higher education, the main objective of this paper is to present the usefulness of virtual (...) exchange as a tool to boost students’ skills that are necessary for virtual negotiations. Firstly, the concept of the 4th space was applied to compare the context of virtual negotiations and VE projects. Secondly, the learning outcomes of the VE projects were studied from the perspective of the requirements of virtual negotiations. (shrink)

Według Arystotelesa szczęście jest osiągalne, bo jest dziełem człowieka; takim działaniem, którego,,po co” osiągane jest równocześnie z nim samym: wtedy, gdy działanie jest właśnie dokonywane. Odpowiedź natomiast na pytanie, jakie to jest działanie, związane jest z ontologią życia człowieka, ze sposobem, w jaki winno być dokonywane, aby było sobą. I by sobą był człowiek. Związane jest zatem z odpowiedzią na pytanie, kim jest człowiek i jakie jest jego miejsce pośród innych bytów, a przede wszystkim jakie jest jego odniesienie z jednej (...) strony do innych istot żyjących – roślin i zwierząt, z drugiej – do Boga. Usytuowanie człowieka w pewnego rodzaju,,pomiędzy” określa sposób jego życia, a więc także działanie, które ów sposób bycia najlepiej charakteryzuje. Problematyka szczęścia człowieka najlepiej zaś owo,,pomiędzy” wyraża i naznaczona jest jego ambiwalencją, dźwiga jej brzemię. (shrink)

Author discusses melancholy and music trying to find out what it means for a musical composition to be melancholic.

The practice of evaluating music and music works is widespread. That practice must depend on recognition of values and/or qualities in those works. However this be true it isn't always clear what these values and qualities are and how are the believes entrenched in theory and practice of evaluating musical works. In the aesthetics the most celebrated types of values are aesthetic values and qualities. Author of this paper reexamines the theory of aesthetic values as existing independently from artistic values (...) and artistic qualities. Starting from Monroe C. Beardsley, through Roman Ingarden's theory of value and coming to Nick Zangwill's understanding of evaluation of artworks, the author approaches the problem of judging musical works and the theory that is most needed to ground such practice. (shrink)

paper discusses the concepts of truth and appearance and the function they perform in the philosophy of Theodor Wisengrund Adorno.

translation of a chapter from Peter Kivy's Music Alone "How Music Moves".

Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, USA, mathias_risse{at}ksg.harvard.edu ' + u + '@' + d + ' '//--> It is a widespread view that support for Fair Trade is called for, whereas agricultural subsidies are pegged as unjustifiable. Though one supports farmers in developing countries while the other does the same for those in already developed ones, there are, nonetheless, similarities between both scenarios. Both are economically `inefficient', upholding production beyond what the market would sustain. In both cases, supportive arguments (...) can assume two forms. First, such arguments might draw on normative claims made by producers. In the case of agricultural subsidies, farmers in developed countries assert claims against their fellow citizens, who ought to accept redistributive measures to keep them in business. In the case of Fair Trade, the claim can be made by farmers in developing nations against consumers, who ought to pay higher prices to keep them in business (under conditions deemed acceptable). Second, arguments to keep producers in business might be presented as the prerogative of both groups: even if farmers in developed countries did not have a claim to be kept in business, these countries would have the right to take measures to do so because they value their products. In the case of Fair Trade, even if farmers in developing nations had no claim against consumers, it is a consumer prerogative to pay more to keep them in business because they value their product or the process of producing it. There are, of course, differences between these scenarios as well, but in light of these parallels in the moral cases for subsidies and Fair Trade, it will be illuminating to examine the arguments for and against subsidies and Fair Trade together. Key Words: trade • subsidies • fairness • markets • development. (shrink)