Results for 'Modalities'

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  1. Multi-attribute Decision Making based on Rough Neutrosophic Variational Coefficient Similarty Measure.Kalyan Modal, Surapati Pramanik & Florentin Smarandache - 2016 - Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 13:3-17.
    The purpose of this study is to propose new similarity measures namely rough variational coefficient similarity measure under the rough neutrosophic environment. The weighted rough variational coefficient similarity measure has been also defined. The weighted rough variational coefficient similarity measures between the rough ideal alternative and each alternative are xxxxx calculated to find the best alternative. The ranking order of all the alternatives can be determined by using the numerical values of similarity measures. Finally, an illustrative example has been provided (...)
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  2. Rough Neutrosophic TOPSIS for Multi-Attribute Group Decision Making.Kalyan Modal, Surapati Pramanik & Florentin Smarandache - 2016 - Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 13:105-117.
    This paper is devoted to present Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method for multi-attribute group decision making under rough neutrosophic environment. The concept of rough neutrosophic set is a powerful mathematical tool to deal with uncertainty, indeterminacy and inconsistency. In this paper, a new approach for multi-attribute group decision making problems is proposed by extending the TOPSIS method under rough neutrosophic environment. Rough neutrosophic set is characterized by the upper and lower approximation operators and the (...)
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  3.  19
    What is so good about moral freedom?, Wes Morriston.Vagueness as A. Modality - 2000 - Philosophy 75 (293).
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  4.  35
    A Study in.Modal Deviance - 2002 - In Tamar Szabo Gendler & John Hawthorne, Conceivability and Possibility. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 283.
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  5.  34
    Ron Bontekoe.Modal Metaphysics & Peter Milne - 1992 - International Philosophical Quarterly 32 (2).
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  6.  84
    Russell and MacColl: Reply to Grattan-guinness, wolen ski, and read.Modal Logic - 2001 - Nordic Journal of Philosophical Logic 6 (1):21-42.
  7. Umlvei-idiq nacional de colcmbi.Benson Latin, Refutacion de Borges, Nota Critica El Idealismo Trascendental Kantiano, Frente Al Problema Mente-Cuerpo, Modales de Los Contextos, Putnam Y. La Teoria Causal de & U. Cabeza la ReferenciaDel Arquitecto - 1994 - Ideas Y Valores 43 (95):1.
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  8.  21
    Fred KROON University of Auckland.in Modal Meinongianism - 2012 - Grazer Philosophische Studien, Vol. 86-2012 86:23 - 34.
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  9.  33
    Email: Tmuel 1 er@ F dm. uni-f reiburg. De.Branching Space-Time & Modal Logic - 2002 - In Tomasz Placek & Jeremy Butterfield, Non-locality and Modality. Dordrecht and Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 273.
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  10. Dagfinn f0llesdal.Referential Opacity & Modal Logic - 1998 - In J. H. Fetzer & P. Humphreys, The New Theory of Reference: Kripke, Marcus, and its origins. Dordrecht, Netherland: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 270--181.
  11.  10
    Olivier Gasquet and Andreas Herzig.From Classical to Normal Modal Logics - 1996 - In Heinrich Wansing, Proof theory of modal logic. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
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  12. 10. Lógica y Computabilidad.Sergio Celani, Daniela Montangie & Álgebras de Hilbert Modales - 2001 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 66:1620-1636.
     
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  13. A modal ontology of properties for quantum mechanics.Newton Costa, Olimpia Lombardi & Mariano Lastiri - 2013 - Synthese 190 (17):3671-3693.
    Our purpose in this paper is to delineate an ontology for quantum mechanics that results adequate to the formalism of the theory. We will restrict our aim to the search of an ontology that expresses the conceptual content of the recently proposed modal-Hamiltonian interpretation, according to which the domain referred to by non-relativistic quantum mechanics is an ontology of properties. The usual strategy in the literature has been to focus on only one of the interpretive problems of the theory and (...)
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  14.  76
    Modal syllogistics in the Middle Ages.Henrik Lagerlund - 2000 - Boston: Brill.
    This book presents the first study of the development of the theory of modal syllogistic in the Middle Ages.
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  15. David J. Anderson and Edward N. Zalta/Frege, Boolos, and Logical Objects 1–26 Michael Glanzberg/A Contextual-Hierarchical Approach to Truth and the Liar Paradox 27–88 James Hawthorne/Three Models of Sequential Belief Updat. [REVIEW]Max A. Freund, A. Modal Sortal Logic, R. Logic, Luca Alberucci, Vincenzo Salipante & On Modal - 2004 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 33:639-640.
     
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  16. Modal Logic: An Introduction.Brian F. Chellas - 1980 - New York:
    A textbook on modal logic, intended for readers already acquainted with the elements of formal logic, containing nearly 500 exercises. Brian F. Chellas provides a systematic introduction to the principal ideas and results in contemporary treatments of modality, including theorems on completeness and decidability. Illustrative chapters focus on deontic logic and conditionality. Modality is a rapidly expanding branch of logic, and familiarity with the subject is now regarded as a necessary part of every philosopher's technical equipment. Chellas here offers an (...)
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  17. Book reviews. [REVIEW]Zeno Vendler, M. Glouberman, Gary Jason, George N. Schlesinger, Roberto Torretti, Bowman L. Clarke, Richard T. De George, Avner Cohen, Tecla Mazzarese, A. Modal Logician & J. Gellman - 1987 - Philosophia 17 (2):211-216.
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  18.  84
    Classical Modal De Morgan Algebras.Sergio A. Celani - 2011 - Studia Logica 98 (1-2):251-266.
    In this note we introduce the variety CDM{{\mathcal C}{\mathcal D}{\mathcal M}_\square} of classical modal De Morgan algebras as a generalization of the variety TMA{{{\mathcal T}{\mathcal M}{\mathcal A}}} of Tetravalent Modal algebras studied in [ 11 ]. We show that the variety V0{{\mathcal V}_0} defined by H. P. Sankappanavar in [ 13 ], and the variety S of Involutive Stone algebras introduced by R. Cignoli and M. S de Gallego in [ 5 ], are examples of classical modal De Morgan algebras. (...)
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  19. Epistemic Modals.Seth Yalcin - 2007 - Mind 116 (464):983-1026.
    Epistemic modal operators give rise to something very like, but also very unlike, Moore's paradox. I set out the puzzling phenomena, explain why a standard relational semantics for these operators cannot handle them, and recommend an alternative semantics. A pragmatics appropriate to the semantics is developed and interactions between the semantics, the pragmatics, and the definition of consequence are investigated. The semantics is then extended to probability operators. Some problems and prospects for probabilistic representations of content and context are explored.
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  20.  18
    Modalities and Multimodalities.Walter Alexandre Carnielli, Claudio Pizzi & Juliana Bueno-Soler - 2008 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Springer.
    In the last two decades modal logic has undergone an explosive growth, to thepointthatacompletebibliographyofthisbranchoflogic,supposingthat someone were capable to compile it, would?ll itself a ponderous volume. What is impressive in the growth of modal logic has not been so much the quick accumulation of results but the richness of its thematic dev- opments. In the 1960s, when Kripke semantics gave new credibility to the logic of modalities? which was already known and appreciated in the Ancient and Medieval times? no one (...)
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  21.  39
    Modality in Argumentation: A Semantic Investigation of the Role of Modalities in the Structure of Arguments with an Application to Italian Modal Expressions.Andrea Rocci - 2017 - Dordrecht: Springer Verlag.
    This book addresses two related questions that have first arisen in Toulmin’s seminal book on the uses of argument. The first question is the one of the relationship between the semantic analysis of modality and the structure of arguments. The second question is the one of the distinctive place, or role, of modality in the fundamental structure of arguments. These two questions concern how modality, as a semantic category, relates to the fundamental structure of arguments. The book addresses modality and (...)
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  22. Modal science.Timothy Williamson - 2016 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 46 (4-5):453-492.
    This paper explains and defends the idea that metaphysical necessity is the strongest kind of objective necessity. Plausible closure conditions on the family of objective modalities are shown to entail that the logic of metaphysical necessity is S5. Evidence is provided that some objective modalities are studied in the natural sciences. In particular, the modal assumptions implicit in physical applications of dynamical systems theory are made explicit by using such systems to define models of a modal temporal logic. (...)
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  23.  29
    Some modal aspects of XPath.Blader Ten Cate, Luis Farinas Del Cero & Andreas Herzig - 2010 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 20 (3):139-171.
    This paper provides several examples of how modal logic can be used in studying the XML document navigation language XPath. More specifically, we derive complete axiomatizations, computational complexity and expressive power results for XPath fragments from known results for corresponding logics. A secondary aim of the paper is to introduce XPath in a way that makes it accessible to an audience of modal logicians.
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  24.  39
    Modal languages for topology: Expressivity and definability.Balder ten Cate, David Gabelaia & Dmitry Sustretov - 2009 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 159 (1-2):146-170.
    In this paper we study the expressive power and definability for modal languages interpreted on topological spaces. We provide topological analogues of the van Benthem characterization theorem and the Goldblatt–Thomason definability theorem in terms of the well-established first-order topological language.
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  25.  40
    Collapsing Modalities.Lloyd Humberstone - 2009 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 50 (2):119-132.
    Sections 1 and 2 respectively raise and settle the question of whether, if an affirmative modality collapses (reduces to the null modality, that is) in a normal modal logic, then all modalities of the same length collapse in that logic, while Section 3 considers some special cases of an analogous phenomenon for congruential modal logics, closing with a general question about collapsing modalities in this broader range of logics.
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  26.  36
    Stable Modal Logics.Guram Bezhanishvili, Nick Bezhanishvili & Julia Ilin - 2018 - Review of Symbolic Logic 11 (3):436-469.
    Stable logics are modal logics characterized by a class of frames closed under relation preserving images. These logics admit all filtrations. Since many basic modal systems such as K4 and S4 are not stable, we introduce the more general concept of an M-stable logic, where M is an arbitrary normal modal logic that admits some filtration. Of course, M can be chosen to be K4 or S4. We give several characterizations of M-stable logics. We prove that there are continuum many (...)
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  27. Modality and Explanatory Reasoning.Boris Christian Kment - 2014 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Boris Kment takes a new approach to the study of modality that emphasises the origin of modal notions in everyday thought. He argues that the concepts of necessity and possibility originate in counterfactual reasoning, which allows us to investigate explanatory connections. Contrary to accepted views, explanation is more fundamental than modality.
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  28. Modal Disagreements.Justin Khoo - 2015 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 58 (5):511-534.
    It is often assumed that when one party felicitously rejects an assertion made by an- other party, the first party thinks that the proposition asserted by the second is false. This assumption underlies various disagreement arguments used to challenge contex- tualism about some class of expressions. As such, many contextualists have resisted these arguments on the grounds that the disagreements in question may not be over the proposition literally asserted. The result appears to be a dialectical stalemate, with no independent (...)
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  29. Modal Logic: Graph. Darst.Patrick Blackburn, Maarten de Rijke & Yde Venema - 2001 - New York: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Maarten de Rijke & Yde Venema.
    This modern, advanced textbook reviews modal logic, a field which caught the attention of computer scientists in the late 1970's.
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  30. A modal interpretation of platonic forms.Valentín Murescan - 2005 - Philosophica 28:209-228.
    En este ensayo me propongo dos cosas: a) indicar las razones por las cuales la interpretación predicativa de la teoría de la forma de Platón no es la más adecuada. b) proponer una interpretación alternaiva ¿también predicativa¿ pero más completa, agregando el concepto de modalidad. Creo que la última interpretación se encuentra más cerca del espíritu del texto original, en el sentido que estoy convencido de que algunas de las principales intuiciones que subdeterminan la teoría de las formas de Platón (...)
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  31.  53
    Modal Consequence Relations Extending $mathbf{S4.3}$: An Application of Projective Unification.Wojciech Dzik & Piotr Wojtylak - 2016 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 57 (4):523-549.
    We characterize all finitary consequence relations over S4.3, both syntactically, by exhibiting so-called passive rules that extend the given logic, and semantically, by providing suitable strongly adequate classes of algebras. This is achieved by applying an earlier result stating that a modal logic L extending S4 has projective unification if and only if L contains S4.3. In particular, we show that these consequence relations enjoy the strong finite model property, and are finitely based. In this way, we extend the known (...)
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  32. Agentive Modals.Matthew Mandelkern, Ginger Schultheis & David Boylan - 2017 - Philosophical Review 126 (3):301-343.
    This essay proposes a new theory of agentive modals: ability modals and their duals, compulsion modals. After criticizing existing approaches—the existential quantificational analysis, the universal quantificational analysis, and the conditional analysis—it presents a new account that builds on both the existential and conditional analyses. On this account, the act conditional analysis, a sentence like ‘John can swim across the river’ says that there is some practically available action that is such that if John tries to do it, he swims across (...)
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  33.  27
    Modal sequents for normal modal logics.Claudio Cerrato - 1993 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 39 (1):231-240.
    We present sequent calculi for normal modal logics where modal and propositional behaviours are separated, and we prove a cut elimination theorem for the basic system K, so as completeness theorems both for K itself and for its most popular enrichments. MSC: 03B45, 03F05.
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  34. Modal Realism and Anthropic Reasoning.Mario Gómez-Torrente - 2024 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 102 (4):925-938.
    Some arguments against David Lewis’s modal realism seek to exploit apparent inconsistencies between it and anthropic reasoning. A recent argument, in particular, seeks to exploit an inconsistency between modal realism and typicality anthropic premises, premises common in the literature on physical multiverses, to the effect that observers who are like human observers in certain respects must be typical in the relevant multiverse. Here I argue that typicality premises are not applicable to the description of Lewis’s metaphysical multiverse, where the proportions (...)
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  35. Modality and Tense: Philosophical Papers.Kit Fine - 2005 - Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
    This book is collection of the the author’s previously published papers on the philosophy of modality and tense and it also includes three unpublished papers. The author provides an exposition and defence of certain positions for which he is well-known: the intelligibility of modality de re; the primitiveness of the modal; and the primacy of the actual over the possible. He also argues for some less familiar positions: the existence of distinctive forms of natural and normative necessity, not reducible to (...)
  36.  30
    Modal and guarded characterisation theorems over finite transition systems.Martin Otto - 2004 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 130 (1-3):173-205.
    We explore the finite model theory of the characterisation theorems for modal and guarded fragments of first-order logic over transition systems and relational structures of width two. A new construction of locally acyclic bisimilar covers provides a useful analogue of the well known tree-like unravellings that can be used for the purposes of finite model theory. Together with various other finitary bisimulation respecting model transformations, and Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé game arguments, these covers allow us to upgrade finite approximations for full bisimulation equivalence (...)
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  37. Naturalised Modal Epistemology.Daniel Nolan - 2016 - In Bob Fischer & Felipe Leon, Modal Epistemology After Rationalism. Cham: Springer. pp. 7-27.
    The philosophy of necessity and possibility has flourished in the last half-century, but much less attention has been paid to the question of how we know what can be the case and what must be the case. Many friends of modal metaphysics and many enemies of modal metaphysics have agreed that while empirical discoveries can tell us what is the case, they cannot shed much light on what must be the case or on what non-actual possibilities there are. In this (...)
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  38. Modal logic.Alexander Chagrov - 1997 - New York: Oxford University Press. Edited by Michael Zakharyaschev.
    For a novice this book is a mathematically-oriented introduction to modal logic, the discipline within mathematical logic studying mathematical models of reasoning which involve various kinds of modal operators. It starts with very fundamental concepts and gradually proceeds to the front line of current research, introducing in full details the modern semantic and algebraic apparatus and covering practically all classical results in the field. It contains both numerous exercises and open problems, and presupposes only minimal knowledge in mathematics. A specialist (...)
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  39. Modal translations in substructural logics.Kosta Došen - 1992 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 21 (3):283 - 336.
    Substructural logics are logics obtained from a sequent formulation of intuitionistic or classical logic by rejecting some structural rules. The substructural logics considered here are linear logic, relevant logic and BCK logic. It is proved that first-order variants of these logics with an intuitionistic negation can be embedded by modal translations into S4-type extensions of these logics with a classical, involutive, negation. Related embeddings via translations like the double-negation translation are also considered. Embeddings into analogues of S4 are obtained with (...)
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  40. Agentive Modals and Agentive Modality: A Cautionary Tale.Timothy Kearl & Robert H. Wallace - 2024 - American Philosophical Quarterly 61 (2):139–155.
    In this paper, we consider recent attempts to metaphysically explain agentive modality in terms of conditionals. We suggest that the best recent accounts face counterexamples, and more worryingly, they take some agentive modality for granted. In particular, the ability to perform basic actions features as a primitive in these theories. While it is perfectly acceptable for a semantics of agentive modal claims to take some modality for granted in getting the extension of action claims correct, a metaphysical explanation of agentive (...)
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  41. Modal normativism on semantic rules.Rohan Sud - 2024 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 67 (8):2361-2380.
    According to Amie Thomasson’s modal normativism, the function of modal discourse is to convey semantic rules. But what is a "semantic rule"? I raise three worries according to which there is no conception of a semantic rule that can serve the needs of a modal normativist. The first worry focuses on de re and a posteriori necessities. The second worry concerns Thomasson's inferential specification of the meaning of modal terms. The third worry asks about the normative status of semantic rules.
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  42. Overcoming Modal Skepticism via Conceptual Engineering.Krzysztof Sękowski - 2024 - In Yannic Kappes, Asya Passinsky, Julio De Rizzo & Benjamin Schnieder, Facets of Reality — Contemporary Debates. Contributions of the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society. pp. 697-707.
    The paper defends the view that that a significant part of metaphysics should be understood as conceptual engineering, and explores its epistemological advantages and metaphysical implications. It discusses the challenge raised by moderate modal skepticism, which points out the lack of reliable methods for verifying modal statements through thought experiments. As I argue, a normative stance on metaphysical methodology, understanding it as engaging in conceptual engineering project, justifies the use of this method. By adopting an approach where the method of (...)
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  43. Epistemic Modality De Re.Seth Yalcin - 2015 - Ergo: An Open Access Journal of Philosophy 2:475-527.
    Focusing on cases which involve binding into epistemic modals with definite descriptions and quantifiers, I raise some new problems for standard approaches to all of these expressions. The difficulties are resolved in a semantic framework that is dynamic in character. I close with a new class of problems about de re readings within the scope of modals.
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  44.  40
    Sentido modal de la evidencia en Husserl: modalidad versus modalización.Ivana Anton - 2013 - Areté. Revista de Filosofía 25 (2):193-217.
    La evidencia fenomenológica ha sido caracterizada como cumplimiento de una intención mentante, comprensión que tiende a asimilar la evidencia con la conciencia plena, sin hacer justicia a la esencial implicancia mutua de vacío y plenitud que la constituye por su carácter horizóntico-intencional. El horizonte, configurado típicamente, ofrece el campo de cumplimiento posible, por lo que puede sostenerse que la evidencia tiene lugar en una conciencia de posibilidad, es decir, modal, aunque en sentido originariamente material y no dóxico o posicional, pues (...)
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  45. Modal Epistemology and the Rationalist Renaissance.George Bealer - 2002 - In Tamar Szabo Gendler & John Hawthorne, Conceivability and Possibility. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 71-125.
    The paper begins with a clarification of the notions of intuition (and, in particular, modal intuition), modal error, conceivability, metaphysical possibility, and epistemic possibility. It is argued that two-dimensionalism is the wrong framework for modal epistemology and that a certain nonreductionist approach to the theory of concepts and propositions is required instead. Finally, there is an examination of moderate rationalism’s impact on modal arguments in the philosophy of mind -- for example, Yablo’s disembodiment argument and Chalmers’s zombie argument. A less (...)
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  46. Representationalism and Sensory Modalities: An Argument for Intermodal Representationalism.David Bourget - 2017 - American Philosophical Quarterly 54 (3):251-268.
    Intermodal representationalists hold that the phenomenal characters of experiences are fully determined by their contents. In contrast, intramodal representationalists hold that the phenomenal characters of experiences are determined by their contents together with their intentional modes or manners of representation, which are nonrepresentational features corresponding roughly to the sensory modalities. This paper discusses a kind of experience that provides evidence for an intermodal representationalist view: intermodal experiences, experiences that unify experiences in different modalities. I argue that such experiences (...)
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  47. Bounded Modality.Matthew Mandelkern - 2019 - Philosophical Review 128 (1):1-61.
    What does 'might' mean? One hypothesis is that 'It might be raining' is essentially an avowal of ignorance like 'For all I know, it's raining'. But it turns out these two constructions embed in different ways, in particular as parts of larger constructions like Wittgenstein's 'It might be raining and it's not' and Moore's 'It's raining and I don't know it', respectively. A variety of approaches have been developed to account for those differences. All approaches agree that both Moore sentences (...)
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  48. Modal Quantum Theory.Benjamin Schumacher & Michael D. Westmoreland - 2012 - Foundations of Physics 42 (7):918-925.
    We present a discrete model theory similar in structure to ordinary quantum mechanics, but based on a finite field instead of complex amplitudes. The interpretation of this theory involves only the “modal” concepts of possibility and necessity rather than quantitative probability measures. Despite its simplicity, our model theory includes entangled states and has versions of both Bell’s theorem and the no cloning theorem.
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  49. Spatial representations in sensory modalities.Tony Cheng - 2022 - Mind and Language 37 (3):485-500.
    Some sensory modalities, such as sight, touch and audition, are arguably spatial, and one way to understand these spatial senses is to investigate spatial representations in them. Here I focus on a specific element in this area— the interplay between perspectival variation and spatial constancy—and discuss recent interdisciplinary works on this topic. With these relevant experimental works, we will see clearly how traditional controversies in philosophy, for example, whether we perceive perspectival shapes as well as objective shapes, and whether (...)
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  50. Modal epistemology.Peter Van Inwagen - 1998 - Philosophical Studies 92 (1):67--84.
    Many important metaphysical arguments validly deduce an actuality from a possibility. For example: Because it is possible for me to exist in the absence of anything material, I am not my body. I argue that there is no reason to suppose that our capacity for modal judgment is equal to the task of determining whether the "possibility" premise of any of these arguments is true. I connect this thesis with Stephen Yablo's recent work on the epistemology of modal statements.
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