This paper examines Alasdair MacIntyre's argument in After Virtue that corporate managers do not have the rational expertise in social control which they have used to justify their position in modern society. In particular, it is claimed that managerial science by taking an emotivist view, putting ends and values beyond the reach of sound rational judgment, has made human relationships matters of manipulation and undermined its own moral legitimacy. The question is advanced as to whether managers must operate from emotivist (...) premises or whether they can truly understand and thus truly manage human affairs by rational reflection about human purpose, value, and intention. (shrink)

We see in the early texts of Marx a continuity of thought, where the individual essence of man is likewise regarded to be social. This concept is for Marx not abstract; that is, it is not to be understood in isolation from nature or other men.

Advertising can be regarded as having two separate functions, one of persuading and one of informing consumers. Against some who claim that persuasive advertising using irrational means is moral as long as the product or service it represents is good or useful, this paper argues that by denigrating human reason such advertising is always immoral. On the other hand, advertisements which present information in a straight-forward and truthful way are always moral no matter what they advertise; indeed, only such advertisements (...) are moral. (shrink)