Résumé Cette étude présente une revue de la littérature ayant trait à la démocratisation sous la menace des révolutions. Elle met en parallèle les analyses arguant que la démocratisation résulte de l’action des élites qui bénéficient de l’extension du droit de vote à d’autres segments de la société. Elle analyse également les tests empiriques qui valident ou infirment les théories de la menace révolutionnaire.

This book introduces the student to active philosophical thinking about political ideas, offering a more stimulating approach to the subject than traditional chronological surveys. The first edition was hailed by The Times Literary Supplement as 'the best introduction to political philosophy for a long time'. This thoroughly revised second edition brings its coverage up-to-date for the 1990s, with material reorganised to be fully accessible for the beginner.

This volume investigates the notion of reduction. Building on the idea that philosophers employ the term ‘reduction’ to reconcile diversity and directionality with unity, without relying on elimination, the book offers a powerful explication of an “ontological” notion of reduction the extension of which is (primarily) formed by properties, kinds, individuals, or processes. It argues that related notions of reduction, such as theory-reduction and functional reduction, should be defined in terms of this explication. Thereby, the book offers a coherent framework, (...) which sheds light on the history of the various reduction debates in the philosophy of science and in the philosophy of mind, and on related topics such as reduction and unification, the notion of a scientific level, and physicalism. (shrink)

A phenomenological approach to questions of the body, ego, temporality and intersubjective relations with the 'other' by a leading French thinker and Husserl scholar.

« L’article se propose d’analyser l’exploitation musicale et théorique d’une figure sonore empruntée au rock et à certaines de ces sonorités, celle de l’« excès », par les compositeurs saturationnistes. Il montre l’ambiguïté de cette référence, l’emprunt d’une notion issue de la musique populaire phonographique conduisant, non à une remise en question de la séparation savant / populaire, comme on aurait pu le penser, mais au contraire au renforcement de cette séparation. Après être revenu sur les caractéristiques de la musique (...) saturationniste telles qu’elles sont définies par les compositeurs qui s’en sont réclamés dans les années 2000-2010 (Franck Bedrossian, Raphaël Cendo, Yann Robin), l’auteur montre qu’elles ont surtout pour fonction de mettre à distance toute référence au rock au profit d’un travail sur le timbre, s’inscrivant dans une histoire du bruit et plus largement dans la tradition savante. Ce faisant, est ignorée la manière spécifique dont l’excès est mis en œuvre dans le rock, dont sont donnés quelques traits fondamentaux, concernant aussi bien les sonorités de son instrumentarium que son fonctionnement par plateaux d’intensité. En dernière analyse, l’auteur montre comment la notion d’« excès », en tant qu’elle constitue chez les saturationnistes un principe d’écriture musicale, ne permet pas, comme on pourrait le croire au premier abord, une remise en question des normes esthético-historiques définissant le savant, mais travaille au maintien de la hiérarchie savant / populaire, interdisant de ce fait de comprendre le savoir tacite qui se déploie dans le populaire, ici plus précisément la musique rock. ». (shrink)

This book examines the historic trend to individualism and shows why it is both irreversible and unthreatening to our sense of community. As people become free to choose the multiple components of their identity---religion, nationality, profession, sexuality-they take advantage of their new freedom, and the communications revolution, to form a freely chosen affiliations. While these may no longer be based primarily on geography and genetics, they nevertheless generate powerful new imagined communities that will affect the way we live, work, and (...) love. (shrink)

My purpose in this paper is to illustrate how we can understand that what the Christian tradition calls the peccatum naturae neither consists in a mere privation nor in the total corruption of nature. There is a widespread understanding that for Catholics the sin of nature consists in the privation of the gift of original justice –the complete order of the natural tendencies and their subjection to reason as a result of the elevation of our first parents to a state (...) of grace–, whereas Protestant denominations would in general terms understand that after the fall human nature was abandoned to a complete corruption. The two stances are sometimes seen as an either-or dichotomy. My intention is not theological, since I do not want to discuss or decide what Christians should believe in this matter, but I try to dig into the conceptual conditions under which we can coherently understand that our present condition is characterized by a twisted inclination of the will, which without destroying or totally corrupting human nature, still runs contrary to its proper good and cannot be considered as belonging or being inherent to it. I first present Thomas Aquinas’ understanding of the peccatum naturae as a moral defect. Then, I take recourse mostly to Rosmini’s work in order to better understand how there could be a moral weakness, which could be rightly called corruption, without implying that our moral condition is completely irrecoverable. (shrink)

This book is both expository and critical and concentres on Hobbes' ethical and political theory, but also considering the effect on these of his metaphysics.

The field of synthetic biology is looking forward engineering framework for safely designing reliable de-novo biological functions. In this undertaking, Computer-Aided-Design environments should play a central role for facilitating the design. Although, CAD environment is widely used to engineer artificial systems the application in synthetic biology is still in its infancy. In this article we address the problem of the design of a high level language which at the core of CAD environment. More specifically the Gubs language is a specification (...) language used to describe the observations of the expected behaviour. The compiler appropriately selects components such that the observation of the synthetic biological function resulting to their assembly complies to the programmed behaviour. (shrink)

Much of the built world is designed around food; for storing, producing, transporting, selling, serving and eating. We recognise the regeneration of a neighbourhood through its new cafes, restaurants and grocery shops. This title features new restaurants in London, New York, Sydney and Tokyo; the design of markets; provocative essays by architects, historians, and social scientists; and interviews with designers and entrepreneurs.

Appeals to nationalism based on a common sociocultural, geographic, and linguistic heritage are reactions against expansions of trade, information, and power - and anomie and xenophobia can be countered by giving substatal ethnicities, minorities and political parties a voice and a vote.

ObjectiveTo provide insights on emergent ethical tensions experienced by mental health practitioners during system re-organisation, which is sufficiently grounded in empirical data at the local level to inform policy on recovery at institutional and provincial levels.MethodEthnographic methods using narrative and critical phenomenological resources over 24 months.FindingsEveryday ethical tensions emerged at the confluence of different experiences of time, for example, how a context of increasing pressure to decrease patients’ length of stay at the hospital challenged efforts to listen to and advocate (...) for what mattered to patients and maintain the integrity of interventions. In this context, practitioners drew on clinical language and that of personal recovery to strategically ‘push back’, ‘play with’ or ‘take back’ time.DiscussionExamining everyday practices through ethnographic methods can illuminate the everyday ethical tensions that arise when mental health professionals and psychiatrists grapple with, often competing, goods. Critical phenomenological resources can help expand the structural considerations in empirical ethics, excavate underground practices and raise questions about the conceptual categories undergirding normative ethics. Experiencing-with practitioners in clinical contexts as they encounter and creatively resolve ethical tensions also propose a normative ethics of possibility, to help bridge the gap between empirical and normative ethics.ConclusionFocus on the relationship between policy, temporal practices and ethics suggests a reconfiguration of time and re-imagination of ethics in institutional settings in ways that can ultimately benefit patients and professionals alike. (shrink)

Résumé Dans cet article, je propose une typologie des études contemporaines relatives au troisième segment de la Ligne en République VI, en adoptant une classification des interprétations qui prend pour fil conducteur la question de la nature eidétique de l’objet de la dianoia. Le sentiment de confusion que la disparité des voies interprétatives laisse au lecteur vient de ce que les interprètes contemporains confondent l’objet spécifiquement dianoétique, qui est le γνωστόν, et le référent à la fois dianoétique et noétique, qui (...) est le νοητόν.We present here a typology of contemporary studies concerning the third segment of the Line in Republic VI, in which we adopt a classification of interpretations whose main thread is the question of the eidetic nature of the object of dianoia. The feeling of confusion with which the reader is often left is due to the disparity between some 10 different approaches where contemporary interpreters fail to distinguish between the specifically dianoetic object, which is the γνωστόν, and the referent, both dianoetic and noetic, which is the νοητόν. (shrink)

... abolished in 1869, but which we here learn still forms a deplorable factor in the social life of the poor in England, especially in breaking up homes. ...

Cet article explore la possibilité de contrer dans la théorie et dans la pratique le mouvement qui a conduit au triomphe des thèses néolibérales, à savoir le mouvement d’abstraction de la science économique hors du domaine des sciences sociales, et les conséquences de ce mouvement : la critique du concept même de social, la promotion systématique, dans la théorie, de points de vue désocialisés et strictement individualistes et, dans la pratique, des principes de concurrence dite libre. C’est contre cela que (...) l’on propose ici d’ouvrir la voie d’une resocialisation de l’économie. (shrink)

Les textes rassemblés et publiés dans ce numéro 41 des Cahiers philosophiques de Strasbourg sont issus d’une journée d’études et d’un colloque organisés à mon initiative à Strasbourg dans le cadre des activités du Centre de recherches en philosophie allemande et contemporaine (CREPHAC, EA2326). Il s’agit d’une part de la journée d’études intitulée « Marx et la question de l’agir » qui s’est tenue le 17 mars 2014, et d’autre part du colloque « Aux sources de la démocratie sociale allemande (...) : l... (shrink)

Jürgen Habermas a fait le constat que « Schelling n’est pas un penseur politique ». Il n’a laissé en effet aucun traité systématique de philosophie politique, rien de comparable en tout cas à la Grundlage des Naturrechts et à la Rechtslehre de Fichte, ni aux Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts de Hegel. Nous faisons ici l’hypothèse que son désintérêt pour la politique est lié au sens négatif que Schelling a très tôt attribué à la sphère du droit, faisant de l’État (...) et du droit des institutions de la limitation et de la contrainte. Schelling a maintenu cette thèse jusqu’à sa dernière philosophie qui voit dans la soumission à une contrainte étatique toujours croissante le moyen pour l’humanité d’expier sa faute originelle. Une seule période de la pensée schellingienne fait exception à ce pessimisme politique : c’est, de 1801 à 1806, la période de l’Identité où la politique est valorisée au point qu’une identité est posée entre la philosophie et le politeuein. Mais ces années sont aussi celles du travail commun avec Hegel : si l’influence de Schelling sur Hegel fut métaphysique, celle de Hegel sur Schelling fut essentiellement politique.Jürgen Habermas did notice that « Schelling is no political thinker ». It is a fact that Schelling did not publish any important and systematic work on politics, which could be compared with Fichte’s Grundlage des Naturrechts or Hegel’s Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts. We do here the supposition that Schelling’s disinterest for politics has something to do with his very early negative interpretation of law and state as institutions of limitation and constrain. Schelling did maintain this up to his late philosophie which consider the constantly growing constrain of State in history as means for humanity to expiate the original sin. In only one period we can find by Schelling a valorization of politics : during the period of Identity , Schelling thought expressly an identity between philosophie and politeuein. Seeing that these years are those of the closest collaboration between Hegel and Schelling, so we can state Hegel’s political influence on Schelling, in return of Schelling’s well known metaphysical influence on Hegel. (shrink)