Modem theory of law in a certain extent needs theological foundation. The dialogue of both law and theology, however, requires specific presuppositions in theological understanding. Paul Tillich's Systematic Theology in its peculiar character of combining theological »paradoxon« and openess for cultural recognition meets these demands.

Modem theory of law in a certain extent needs theological foundation. The dialogue of both law and theology, however, requires specific presuppositions in theological understanding. Paul Tillich's Systematic Theology in its peculiar character of combining theological »paradoxon« and openess for cultural recognition meets these demands.

Peer review is a widely accepted instrument for raising the quality of science. Peer review limits the enormous unstructured influx of information and the sheer amount of dubious data, which in its absence would plunge science into chaos. In particular, peer review offers the benefit of eliminating papers that suffer from poor craftsmanship or methodological shortcomings, especially in the experimental sciences. However, we believe that peer review is not always appropriate for the evaluation of controversial hypothetical science. We argue that (...) the process of peer review can be prone to bias towards ideas that affirm the prior convictions of reviewers and against innovation and radical new ideas. Innovative hypotheses are thus highly vulnerable to being “filtered out” or made to accord with conventional wisdom by the peer review process. Consequently, having introduced peer review, the Elsevier journal Medical Hypotheses may be unable to continue its tradition as a radical journal allowing discussion of improbable or unconventional ideas. Hence we conclude by asking the publisher to consider re-introducing the system of editorial review to Medical Hypotheses. (shrink)

Abstract (German version follows): -/- This paper develops a new proposal for a coherentist business ethic in which ethically justified and empirically supported proposed solutions to economic problems are developed through a coherentist process of adjustments between the three levels of (1) conception of problem and its solution, (2) positive economic theory, and (3) ethical theories. Using an example, it illustrates how in this framework, Homann's business ethics gains in validity and relevance but loses its claim to universality. // -/- (...) Diese Arbeit entwickelt eine kohärentistische Wirtschaftsethik, in der ethisch begründete und empirisch gestützte Lösungsvorschläge für ökonomische Probleme durch einen kohärentistischen Anpassungsprozess zwischen den drei Ebenen (1) Auffassung von Problem und Lösungsansatz, (2) positive ökonomische Theorie, sowie (3) ethischen Theorien erarbeitet werden. Anhand eines Beispiels wird illustriert, wie Homanns Wirtschaftsethik in diesem Rahmen an Validität und Relevanz gewinnt, jedoch ihren Universalitätsanspruch verliert. (shrink)

The paper shows how ideas that explain the sense of an expression as a method or algorithm for finding its reference, preshadowed in Frege’s dictum that sense is the way in which a referent is given, can be formalized on the basis of the ideas in Thomason (1980). To this end, the function that sends propositions to truth values or sets of possible worlds in Thomason (1980) must be replaced by a relation and the meaning postulates governing the behaviour of (...) this relation must be given in the form of a logic program. The resulting system does not only throw light on the properties of sense and their relation to computation, but also shows circular behaviour if some ingredients of the Liar Paradox are added. The connection is natural, as algorithms can be inherently circular and the Liar is explained as expressing one of those. Many ideas in the present paper are closely related to those in Moschovakis (1994), but receive a considerably lighter formalization. (shrink)

European Journal of Philosophy, Volume 29, Issue 4, Page 1026-1038, December 2021.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn diesem Aufsatz wird versucht, exegetische Einsichten über die johanneische Konzeption von δóξα and δoξάζειν mit dogmatischen und ästhetischen Bezügen zu »Herrlichkeit« und »Verherrlichung« in Verbindung zu setzen. Zwei Aspekte des Gebrauchs von δóξα and δoξάζειν im vierten Evangelium werden vorgestellt: erstens die Unterscheidung zwischen δóξα πατϱóς und δóξα πατϱί , die eine Veränderung in Jesu Beziehung zu der einen Herrlichkeit Gottes bezeichnet; zweitens der Aufbau eines christologischen Deutungszusammenhangs im Evangelium, in welchem die δóξα-Begrifflichkeit dazu dient, den Tod Jesu in (...) den theologischen Rahmen des Evangeliums zu integrieren.Vor diesem Hintergrund werden die »Herrlichkeits-bezogenen« Werke von Reinhard Hoeps, Das Gefühl des Erhabenen und die Herrlichkeit Gottes. Studien zur Beziehung von philosophischer und theologischer Ästhetik, 1989, und von Wolf Krötke, Gottes Klarheiten. Eine Neuinterpretation der Lehre von Gottes ›Eigenschaften‹, 2001, analysiert. Insbesondere Krötkes Werk scheint bemerkenswerte Übereinstimmungen mit der johanneischen δóξα-Theologie aufzuweisen.In einem abschließenden Ausblick werden weitere Möglichkeiten der Rezeption der johanneischen δóξα-Konzeption in der Dogmatik angedeutet, nämlich die Impulse für eine konkretere Bestimmung des Verhältnisses zwischen Gott und seinem Sohn und Gesandten, für die Spezifizierung des Selbstverständnisses der glaubenden Gemeinde und ihrer Verantwortung für die Welt und für eine Deutung des Todes Jesu, die die sühnetheologische Deutung ergänzt, überragt und überschreitet.SUMMARYThis paper seeks to relate exegetical insights concerning the Johannine concept of δóξα and δoξάζειν to dogmatic and aesthetic references to “glory” and “glorification”. Two features of the Fourth Gospel's use of δóξα and δoξάζειν are introduced: First, the distinction of a δóξα πατϱóς and a δóξα πατϱί , signifying a change in Jesus' relation to the one glory of God; second, the establishment of a Christological network throughout the Gospel, in which δóξα terminology serves to integrate Jesus' death into the theological framework of the Gospel. With this in mind, the “glory-centered” works of Reinhard Hoeps, Das Gefühl des Erhabenen und die Herrlichkeit Gottes. Studien zur Beziehung von philosophischer und theologischer Ästhetik, 1989, and, most extensively, Wolf Krötke, Gottes Klarheiten. Eine Neuinterpretation der Lehre von Gottes ‘Eigenschaften’, 2001, are analyzed; especially Krötke's work seems to yield remarkable consonances with Johannine δóξα theology. In a concluding outlook, some further ways for a dogmatic evaluation of the Johannine δóξα concept are suggested, namely its potential for a specification of the relationship between God and his Son and Sent One; for a specification of the self-understanding of the believing community and their responsibility for the world; and for an understanding of Jesus' death that supplements, surmounts and transcends the traditional soteriology of atonement. (shrink)

A logic is called higher order if it allows for quantification over higher order objects, such as functions of individuals, relations between individuals, functions of functions, relations between functions, etc. Higher order logic began with Frege, was formalized in Russell [46] and Whitehead and Russell [52] early in the previous century, and received its canonical formulation in Church [14].1 While classical type theory has since long been overshadowed by set theory as a foundation of mathematics, recent decades have shown remarkable (...) comebacks in the fields of mechanized reasoning (see, e.g., Benzm¨. (shrink)

In this paper we define intensional models for the classical theory of types, thus arriving at an intensional type logic ITL. Intensional models generalize Henkin's general models and have a natural definition. As a class they do not validate the axiom of Extensionality. We give a cut-free sequent calculus for type theory and show completeness of this calculus with respect to the class of intensional models via a model existence theorem. After this we turn our attention to applications. Firstly, it (...) is argued that, since ITL is truly intensional, it can be used to model ascriptions of propositional attitude without predicting logical omniscience. In order to illustrate this a small fragment of English is defined and provided with an ITL semantics. Secondly, it is shown that ITL models contain certain objects that can be identified with possible worlds. Essential elements of modal logic become available within classical type theory once the axiom of Extensionality is given up. (shrink)

This paper considers the potential impact that the nascent technology of quantum computing may have on society. It focuses on three areas: cryptography, optimization, and simulation of quantum systems. We will also discuss some ethical aspects of these developments, and ways to mitigate the risks.

Reinhard Lauth (1919-2007) ist einer der bedeutendsten systematischen Philosophen des 20. Jahrhunderts. In der 1979 erschienenen "Theorie des philosophischen Arguments" fasste er in einer streng formalisierten Sprache die Grundlagen systematischen Philosophierens zusammen. In seinen letzten Lebensjahren hat er seinen transzendentalphilosophischen Ansatz weiter entwickelt, was in dem hier erstmals veröffentlichten zweiten Teil des Buchs ihren Niederschlag gefunden hat. Abgerundet wird das Ganze durch einige unveröffentlichte Aufsätze.

(2013). Moral Ground. Ethics, Policy & Environment. ???aop.label???. doi: 10.1080/21550085.2013.844582.

In “Meeting the Moment: Bioethics in the Time of Black Lives Matter,” Camisha Russell calls for transforming “bioethics-as-usual” with help from “outsiders”. Prior scholars agree...

This article focuses on the recent production of sleep as a matter of concern in American society. In it, I draw primarily on fieldwork with sleep researchers and clinicians to understand the means by which ideas about sleep are produced and disseminated, and discuss the rise of sleep medicine since the late 1970s and the ways sleep disabilities have been constructed and mobilized in contemporary allopathic research and practice. The article provides a description of modern sleep medicine practices, and analyses (...) clinical encounters between researchers, clinicians and patients, particularly the ways patient cases are produced and interpreted. I follow these ethnographic observations with textual analysis of the National Sleep Foundation's campaigns to promote sleep awareness, and offer the theoretical concepts of medical abstraction and insistence as a means to understand the production of sleep as a matter of concern, and how it might be made to adhere in particular patients' lives and the practices of clinicians. (shrink)

This bibliography covers writers in both the ordinary language and formal language wings of 20th-century analytic philosophy from 1940 to 1996. A wide range of topics is covered, from the nature of religion as a human activity to various doctrines about the nature of God. More than 5,000 items are listed, with many of them cross-indexed.The bibliography is topically organized into sixteen main categories, with approximately 80 subject headings used to further organize the material. An author index completes the bibliography.

Paul Thompson's book The Spirit of the Soil first appeared in 1995, and has been re-issued in a new edition in 2017. This comment on the new edition addresses Thompson's argument concerning the pro...

“Congealing” is a word that evokes senses of unpleasantness where perhaps something inviting had once been. It also implies that things are becoming less fluid and more rigid. As we began organizing ETHICOMP 2018, we wanted a theme that reflected the impact of technologies on human cultures, practices and lives. Our initial draft of the theme was “Creating, Changing, and Congealing Ways of Life with Technologies.” And while we were eventually persuaded to use a more congenial way of putting the (...) idea (it became “Creating, Changing, and Coalescing Ways of Life with Technologies”), in some ways, it remains true for us that “congealing,” and its connotations of something less pleasant, gets at the original idea. As we incorporate technologies into our practices, much attention is paid to how they change our ways of doing things. But technologies can also help ways of life set-up and harden like yesterday’s leftovers – not appealing, yet difficult to budge and sometimes quite unhealthy. Once a particular process is built around a piece of technology, it can become entrenched and increasingly difficult to change. For a historical example, consider how difficult it was to adapt records and software on the eve of the 21st century in response to the so-called “Y2K” problem. In early software development, efficient use of memory was an important design consideration. It had become a standard practice to use a 2-digit field for the year, which would roll to from “99” to “00” in the year 2000, causing problems for datedependent functions. Technologies can also reflect and reinforce existing cultural tendencies. For a recent example, consider the human resources software created by Amazon that used its existing hiring data to train a machine-learning system to rate applicants. The resulting system turned out to be biased against women applicants, downranking resumes that included the word “woman” or “women’s.” Amazon ended up scrapping the project altogether. Because of these kinds of effects, we wanted to encourage people to think beyond well-worn paradigms like “technologies are disruptive” to consider other kinds of effects they can have. As it happened, the imagery of “congealing” proved distasteful enough that the steering committee opted for a more neutral term. But even with the less-dramatic wording the conference ended up attracting a rich and diverse range of papers that examined technological issues from a variety of angles, exactly as we had hoped. (shrink)