Control of the population diversity in genetic algorithms applied to the protein structure prediction problem. Genetic Algorithms (GAs), a successful approach for optimization problems, usually fail when employed in the standard configuration in the protein structure prediction problem, since the solution space is very large and the population converges before a reasonable percentage of the possible solutions is explored. Thus, this work investigates the effect of increasing the diversity of the population on this problem by using Hypermutation and Random Immigrants, (...) two traditional population diversity control schemes, in the structure prediction of the proteins Crambin (PDB 1CRN), Met-Enkephalin (PDB 1PLW), and DNA-Ligand (PDB 1ENH). Results show a significant reduction of the minimal energy found, thanks to the diversity, but this does not necessarily means a higher similarity to the original structure.(Portuguese). (English) Copyright of Scientia is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (shrink)

Within Germany, Carl Schmitt's status as a political thinker is on a par with Machiavelli and Hobbes. With the rise in neo-conservatism and authoritarian liberalism in less developed countries such as Chile and Singapore, Renato Christi believes Schmitt's theories will become of considerable importance. Nazi Third Reich. His political theories provide an insight into the nature of Conservatism. well as extrapolate possibilities for the future.

In light of developments within the field of media theory, a certain consensus has evolved in favour of approaches like mediatization and mediation. While these approaches above all focus on societal change from a media-dependent point of view, this article addresses the reverse side of these processes, asking about media users' appropriation of media in order to experience sociality that has only just been enabled by media-use. This awareness of medial terms and conditions is characterized as recipients' acknowledgment as well (...) as utilization of medial constraints, which is subsequently referred to as mediality. (shrink)

We obtain in this paper a representation of the formulae of extensions ofL by generalized quantifiers through functors between categories of first-order structures and partial isomorphisms. The main tool in the proofs is the back-and-forth technique. As a corollary we obtain the Caicedo's version of Fraïssés theorem characterizing elementary equivalence for such languages. We also discuss informally some geometrical interpretations of our results.

In order to understand how the logic of public management can enrich humanistic management’s practices, the current paper will analyze the managerial practices adopted by public administrations within a situation of emergency, a condition where the specific features of the public management can emerge more clearly. Specifically, it will focus on the ways in which the municipality of Bergamo (one of the hardest-hit cities) have reacted to the Covid-19 pandemic, outlining interesting managerial practices especially from the point of view of (...) Humanistic Management’s theory. Such interest resides also in the fact that although the Humanistic Management’s field of research has dealt with a wide range of topics (including human development, emancipation and progress), so far, however, it has not yet considered public administrations, whose role is by definition oriented towards human development through the creation of public value. The analysis of public management through the lens of Humanistic Management can be useful in various respects. Above all, the difference between public administrations and private enterprises can also lead to a very much different process of value creation, based on collaborative forms of production as well as relational and reflexive forms of management. In accordance with the Humanistic Management framework, also business organizations must generate social wellbeing. From this point of view, the lesson of public administrations can be extremely useful for business organization and management alike. (shrink)

Para compreender a trajetória da elaboração heideggeriana do conceito de tempo é fundamental analisar a conferência O conceito de tempo (Der Begriff der Zeit). Entendemos que, embora o tempo seja tematizado em vários outros textos da juventude ou mesmo em obras heideggerianas mais tardias, é visível nesta conferência de 1924 a preocupação do pensador em conceber, de uma maneira tematicamente explícita, um novo conceito de tempo. Nossa proposta inicial restringe-se, por um lado, em avistar e evidenciar as ideias condutoras da (...) elaboração heideggeriana do conceito de tempo, razão pela qual muitos temas conexos não poderão ser especificamente abordados neste artigo; por outro lado, temos a preocupação de apontar para uma série de estudos voltados particularmente para este texto fundamental dos caminhos trilhados por Heidegger entre 1915 e 1930. (shrink)

Zusammenfassung Demosthenes, Aristoteles und Pausanias berichten von dem Dikasterion in Phreatto, zu dem ein außer Landes gegangener Athener auf einem Boot heranfährt, dieses unmittelbar an der Küste festmacht und sich dann in einem Prozess verteidigt. Er betritt zu keinem Zeitpunkt athenischen Boden, sondern bleibt auf dem Boot und vernimmt dort das Urteil, ob er vorsätzlich getötet hat oder nicht. Diese Verhandlungsform zwischen Land und Meer kann – so aufwendig und eigentümlich sie auch anmutet – durchaus historisch sein, ist aber nur (...) zu begreifen, wenn man von Drakons Gesetz über die Tötung ausgeht. Der Gesetzgeber hat 621/620 v. Chr. den Vollzug der Blutrache unter die Kontrolle der athenischen Gemeinschaft gestellt und damit einen wichtigen Schritt zur Eindämmung von Konflikten in der Polis geleistet. Das Verfahren in Phreatto ist im Kontext dieser Verordnung zu betrachten. (shrink)

School physical education has the potential to contribute to public-health promotion and well-being, but oftentimes students' lack of motivation toward PE or physical activity in general, especially during adolescence, diminishes, or eradicates the positive effects associated with PE. Therefore, practical approaches are required that help teachers to increase or awake students intrinsic motivation toward PE, for which self-determination theory may provide the conceptual framework. In that regard, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether the use of real-time, (...) heart rate feedback during regular PE lessons has the potential to increase students' autonomous motivation and physical effort. To achieve this, we had forty healthy adolescents between 16 and 17 years of age run for 30 min either with or without real-time, individualized heart rate feedback during a regular PE class and compared physical and perceived exertion as well as joy of running between the two groups. Participants were randomly assigned to the groups. Our data revealed that participants in the EG enjoyed running more than participants in the CG despite a higher physical and perceived exertion. That means, running with real-time, individualized heart rate feedback apparently increased participants' motivation to run and to enjoy running at higher levels of exertion. In that regard, real-time, individualized activity feedback should be implemented in regular PE classes systematically and repeatedly to create a controllable and attainable situation that allows students to actively adjust their own behavior to achieve appealing and realistic goals. (shrink)

Uma concepção de cosmopolitismo, de base eurocêntrica, é questionada por pensadores como K. A. Appiah, Walter Mignolo, Silviano Santiago entre outros, para buscar possíveis ressemantizações do termo no contexto contemporâneo, marcado pela globalização, pelo multiculturalismo e pela expansão das novas tecnologias de comunicação. Considerando esse confronto de noções de cosmopolitismo, indaga-se como se deu a interpretação do Brasil no início do século XX, quando recrudesceram as tensões entre cosmopolitismo e nacionalismo. Busca-se, por outro lado, confrontar tais interpretações com as que (...) surgem no início do século XXI, quando a nação vai deixando de ser o centro de um sistema de significação, em tempo heterogêneo e de globalização, em que se pode falar em “cosmopolitismo do pobre” (cosmopolitismo do subalterno), como formulou Silviano Santiago. (shrink)

While Hegel’s political philosophy has been attacked on the left by republican democrats and on the right by feudalist reactionaries, his apologists see him as a liberal reformer, a moderate who theorized about the development of a free-market society within the bounds of a stabilizing constitutional state. This centrist view has gained ascendancy since the end of the Second World War, enshrining Hegel within the liberal tradition. In this book, Renato Cristi argues that, like the Prussian liberal reformers of (...) his time, Hegel was committed to expand the scope of a free economy and concurrently to ensure that the social practice of subjective freedom did not endanger political stability and order. Aware that a system of mutual advantage failed to integrate the members of civil society and that profound social disharmonies were ineradicable, Hegel adopted the views of the French liberal _doctrinaires_, who sought to realize the principles of the French Revolution by supporting Louis XVIII’s sovereign assertion of the monarchical principle. Not surprisingly, Hegel hailed the French _Charte_ of June 1814 as a beacon of freedom. Endorsement of the monarchical principle was meant to prevent the atomized individuals of civil society from gaining control of the state through appeals to popular sovereignty. This challenges most conventional interpretations of Hegel’s theory of the state and draws it closer to the conservative-authoritarian end of the political spectrum than is usual. (shrink)

The Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment series, previously known as SVEC (Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century), has published over 500 peer-reviewed scholarly volumes since 1955 as part of the Voltaire Foundation at the University of Oxford. International in focus, Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment volumes cover wide-ranging aspects of the eighteenth century and the Enlightenment, from gender studies to political theory, and from economics to visual arts and music, and are published in English or French.

Occasionally, doctors and health providers have to choose whom they save from death and this is an extremely hard decision to take. Here, I work on what I deem to be a crucial caveat: scarcity of resources should never be used as an alibi for bad, and sometimes wicked, public policies. In other words, if scarcity is somewhat produced or at least induced, it should never serve as a pretext to put the blame or the responsibility on medical doctors, nurses (...) and other people who are at the front of the war against COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an ethical question was often raised: if resources are scarce (and they often have been), whom should you prioritize? Should we protect first of all those who are young and can then have a long life before them? Or should we rather prioritize those who have rendered important services to health, or broadly to mankind, and could, therefore, bring other good results to society? This discussion is of course important, but it leaves aside something more fundamental: the fact that resources are not simply scarce, they have been made scarce in the last years by a series of public policies nourished by an economic view that sacrificed social welfare on behalf of neoliberal beliefs. (shrink)

Annotated logics were introduced by V.S. Subrahmanian as logical foundations for computer programming. One of the difficulties of these systems from the logical point of view is that they are not structural, i.e., their consequence relations are not closed under substitutions. In this paper we give systems of annotated logics that are equivalent to those of Subrahmanian in the sense that everything provable in one type of system has a translation that is provable in the other. Moreover these new systems (...) are structural. We prove that these systems are weakly congruential, namely, they have an infinite system of congruence 1-formulas. Moreover, we prove that an annotated logic is algebraizable (i.e., it has a finite system of congruence formulas,) if and only if the lattice of annotation constants is finite. (shrink)

In The Science of Culture and the Phenomenology of Styles, Renato Barilli examines the history of artistic style in relation to scientific discovery. Applying an innovative analysis, he illustrates the subtle, yet intrinsic, connection between paradigm shifts in the sciences and in the arts. Barilli argues that there are "homologies," or equivalences, between specific discoveries or inventions and revolutionary advances in artistic techniques. He draws upon the pioneering work of Lucien Goldman, who provides the fundamental definition of "homology," as (...) well as the theories of Luciano Anceschi and Marshall McLuhan in order to reassess conventional modes of dividing art history into such periods as modern, contemporary, and postmodern. By correlating moments like the invention of the printing press and the internal combustion engine with canonical periods in the evolution of art, Barilli unearths conceptual links across domains and disciplines. An insightful reflection on the historic perspectives of cultural production, The Science of Culture and the Phenomenology of Styles sheds new light on the relationship between visual culture, art, and language. (shrink)

DE MARINHO A PESSOA, DA FINISTERRA AO ORIENTE Os cinco ensaios, ou teoréticas abordagens, constantes do presente escrito da autoria de Renato Epifânio, concitam-nos para uma renovada reflexão, adjuvante dos temas, enigmas e problemas, suscitados no pensamento filosófico português contemporâneo, reflexão essa organizada num ritmo de incursão a protótipos do modus philosophandi, quantas vezes poéticos, de Antero, Pessoa, Junqueiro e Pascoaes, dispostos segundo uma linha sucessória, ou relacionante, com a lição transcendental que José Marinho nos legou em seus memoráveis (...) escritos A meditação de Renato Epifânio decerto actuará em cada leitor como um adjutório ao entendimento do que mais importa Pinharanda Gomes, in Posfácio. (shrink)

Apresentação à tradução de Goethe como filósofo, de Eckart Förster, por Renato Costa Leandro.

A filosofia é privativa da cultura ocidental ou é uma criação do pensamento humano em geral? As culturas africanas e afrodiaspóricas são relevantes para o entendimento da filosofia? Existe filosofia africana e/ou filosofia afro-brasileira? Em caso afirmativo, como elas podem contribuir para o entendimento das relações étnico-raciais? Como o(a) professor(a) pode incluir a filosofia africana e a afrodiaspórica no currículo de Filosofia do ensino médio? Como formar um(a) professor(a) de Filosofia capaz de fazer essa conexão? Estas são algumas das questões (...) que o professor Renato Noguera discute nesta obra, que contém roteiros de reflexão, referências a autores fundamentais e propostas curriculares práticas. (shrink)

¿Qué hace un juez al emitir un enunciado probatorio (está probado que p)? Responder a esta pregunta exige explicitar las dimensiones epistémicas, interpretativas y axiológicas involucradas en la emisión de un enunciado probatorio. También requiere acudir a la filosofía pragmática del lenguaje para dilucidar los alcances conceptuales de la noción de fuerza ilocucionaria. Conforme a las clasificaciones afianzadas en el debate probatorio, sostengo que el juez no describe que p está probado, sino que, a partir de la constitución de la (...) suficiencia probatoria, adscribe el predicado “probado” a p. (shrink)

Heidegger holds that our age is dominated by the ambition of reason to possess the world. And he sees in Leibniz the man who formulated the theorem of our modern age: nothing happens without a reason. He calls this attitude `calculating thought' and opposes to it a kind of thought aimed at preserving the essence of things, which he calls `meditating thought'. Cristin's book ascribes great importance to this polarity of thinking for the future of contemporary philosophy, and thus compares (...) the basic ideas of the two thinkers. Leibniz announces the conquest of reason; Heidegger denounces the dangers of reason. Their diversity becomes manifest in the difference between the idea of reason and the image of the path. But is Leibniz's thought really only `calculating'? And do we not perhaps also encounter the traces of reason along Heidegger's path? With these questions in mind we may begin to redefine the relation between the two thinkers and between two different conceptions of reason and philosophy. The hypothesis is advanced that Heidegger's harsh judgment of Leibniz may be mitigated, but it also becomes clear that Heidegger's rewriting of the code of reason is an integral part of our age, in which many signs point to new loci of rationality. With his original interpretation, aware of the risks he is taking, Renato Cristin offers a new guide to the understanding of reason: he shows forth Leibniz as one who defends the thought of being in the unity of monadology, and Heidegger as a thinker who preserves the sign of reason in his meditating thought. (shrink)

O presente artigo discute a educação em direitos humanos tendo como base as contribuições de Luis Alberto Warat (1977, 1979, 2003, 2010). Este estudo de abordagem qualitativa se insere no campo das reflexões interdisciplinares, que procura analisar os sistemas jurídicos embasando-se, especialmente, nos campos da educação, da sociologia e da filosofia. A pesquisa se apropria de revisão de literatura para as categorias de análise destacadas. Trata-se de investigar a alteridade como uma capacidade de (des)construir o direito, a partir de uma (...) educação alicerçada no cuidado com o outro, produzindo, assim, um novo direito, caracterizado por um espaço de transformação coletiva. (shrink)

Nesse artigo, empreenderemos uma reflexão sobre a analítica do poder em Michel Foucault. Nossa intenção é percorrer a produção foucaultiana a partir de meados dos anos setenta até início dos anos oitenta, buscando compreender os deslocamentos ou “reviravoltas” pelos quais o conceito de poder sofreu ao longo do tempo. Procuraremos mostrar que é possível identificar três momentos na pesquisa de Foucault. Em primeiro lugar, ao tentar se afastar da tradicional compreensão jurídica-discursiva do poder, ele introduz uma análise inédita a respeito (...) da dinâmica do poder disciplinar e dos micropoderes que compõem o campo social. Pode-se considerar esse um deslocamento, de modo geral, em relação à tradição política ocidental. Com o curso Em defesa da sociedade encontramo-nos diante de uma modificação na compreensão do poder, ao identificá-lo como guerra ou luta. Por fim, com a introdução dos conceitos de biopoder/biopolítica, Foucault é levado a uma grande expansão de suas pesquisas, tematizando conceitos que não faziam parte de seu interesse até então, como, por exemplo, o conceito de Estado. É nesse contexto que o conceito de governo fará sua entrada nas reflexões de Foucault. Entendemos que o conceito de governo se configura como um refinamento e, igualmente, deixa mais ampla e complexa sua análise do poder a fim de dar conta do presente político. (shrink)

Neste artigo, examino a duplicidade de sentidos que a tese pluralista “os seres são múltiplos” ou “se há múltiplos seres” comporta: pode significar uma multiplicade numérica, isto é: a tese de que há mais de uma coisa no mundo, assim como pode significar que uma mesma coisa possui mais de um atributo. Incialmente, argumento que Sócrates estava consciente desta ambiguidade, pois as duas compreensões de pluralismo representam perspectivas complementares de uma mesma posição filosófica. Segundo minha interpretação, o reconhecimento dessa ambiguidade (...) permite melhor entender a crítica de Sócrates ao monismo eleático, sua defesa da Teoria das Ideias e sua distinção entre Formas transcendentes e propriedades imanentes. Estes dois sentidos de multiplicidade farão ainda parte da estratégia utilizada por Parmênides na sua contra-argumentação à solução socrática ao paradoxo de Zenão. (shrink)

Este artigo tem o objetivo de explorar a interpretação que Hannah Arendt faz da teoria das formas de governo de Montesquieu e a sua importância para a tipificação do totalitarismo proposta pela autora no ensaio “Ideologia e Terror: uma nova forma de governo”, adicionado como capítulo final da obra Origens do totalitarismo. Partiremos da noção de Duarte (2013) segundo a qual Arendt desenvolve em seu pensamento uma arte de relacionar e distinguir conceitos. Assim, para tipificar o totalitarismo como uma forma (...) de governo inaudita, a autora procura distingui-lo de outros regimes sociopolíticos tomados como semelhantes, como a tirania, por exemplo. Mostraremos como a pensadora faz essa tipificação a partir dos conceitos de natureza e princípio de ação, extraídas de Montesquieu, e também da noção de experiência fundamental de cada forma de governo, que ela acrescenta em sua leitura da teoria das formas de governo do filósofo francês. (shrink)