Este trabajo trata de elaborar una hipótesis sobre el papel de Leibniz en la formación de las grandes categorías de la filosofía práctica moderna, poniendo de relieve una idea de racionalidad «hermenéutica» o «imperfecta» que, partiendo del concepto leibniziano de perspectivismo, constaría de tres grandes vertientes que aquí se denominan (de acuerdo con el espíritu de la metodología de Leibniz) «principios»: de contingencia, autonomía y tolerancia. Lo que a Leibniz le interesa es asegurar una libertad autodeterminista de cuño rigurosamente moderno, (...) subrayando que el universo de la praxis humana está presidido por el [actum de lo contingente o de «aquello que puede ser de otra manera». Desde su concepto de individuación no se enfatiza la autonomía racional de un yo desencarnado ni mucho menos de un «autómata previsible», sino la consciencia de una subjetividad autodiferenciada que se propone a sí misma hipótesis viables para salvar la coherencia de sus acciones. El espíritu de tolerancia constituye la conclusión ética de las dos premisas anteriores: la idea general de justicia sólo es asequible desde el peculiar punto de vista de la place d'autruy, que viene a constituir el fundamento de aquélla. (shrink)

Philosophy of history has been condemned in recent times; however, it is becoming increasingly evident that a new Europe cannot do without a critical philosophy of history that analyses values and gives hierarchical structure to diverse experiences and historical memories. From this hypothesis, a result of previous projects, the project “Philosophy of History and Values in the Europe of the 21st century” has these fundamental objectives: 1) critically analyze the complex forms of conceiving science, history (society), culture (languages, religion), law, (...) ethics and politics, in order to understand the full scope of the idea of Europe in which we find ourselves; 2) systemize them with the proposal for a new critical philosophy of history, based on a “practical turn” that contemplates the elements (real responsibility, solidarity and justice) that should form the foundation of social and ethical political relations; 3) apply them to the constructionof a new Europe, in which implicit diversity and the demands of internationality, interculturality and dialogue between the genders can reconcile itself with the basic principles of universality, equality and justice and with the establishment of minimum human rights. The conclusions of our research will help to provide solutions to conflicts that are occurring in the heart of Europe, which at the high point of globalization, transcend European borders. (shrink)

La contingencia es para Leibniz, junto con la espontaneidad y la inteligencia, un componente esencial de la definición de la verdadera libertad, que nuestro pensador califica como uno de los problemas filosóficos por excelencia: “la cuestión de saber cómo se puede salir del laberinto, la gran cuestión de lo libre y lo necesario”. Leibniz, en diálogo con sus referentes polémicos diferenciará –siguiendo la herencia agustiniana- entre el “libre albedrío” y la “verdadera libertad” o determinación racional, a la que sitúa en (...) un camino intermedio entre el determinismo absoluto y la indiferencia de equilibrio. La libertad de los seres racionales será para Leibniz la condición sine qua non para entrar a formar parte del el reino de la gracia, un mundo moral dentro del mundo natural en el que impera el bien común. (shrink)

El desván de la razón, cultivo de las pasiones, identidades éticas y sociedades digitales.

Not so long ago, it seemed the intellectual positions on globalization were clear, with advocates and opponents making their respective cases in decidedly contrasting terms. Recently, however, the fronts have shifted dramatically. The aim of this publication is to contribute philosophical depth to the debates on globalization conducted within various academic fields – principally by working out its normative dimensions. The interdisciplinary nature of this book’s contributors also serves to scientifically ground the ethical-philosophical discourse on global responsibility. Though by no (...) means exhaustive, the expansive scope of the works herein encompasses such other topics as the altering consciousness of space and time, and the phenomenon of globalization as a discourse, as an ideology and as a symbolic form. (shrink)

In recent decades we have witnessed the growing development of the digital world, which has inevitably contributed to changing our Western societies. In this article we will use a feminist perspective to analyse the digital situation we find ourselves in, which inexorably modifies our perception of things, our capacity for argumentation and, with it, our own relationship with others. Networked communication tends to simplify human complexity, while at the same time polarising opinions in an extreme way, appealing to our baser (...) emotions. This is also changing the very meaning of the so-called “social movements” which at the end of the last century contributed to democratising our societies by reviving an extreme conservative ideology. We will focus on how the feminist movement and its enemies have ended up in this new scenario, looking at three specific aspects on which, in our opinion, digitalisation has had a fundamental impact: the manosphere, OnlyFans and the world of video games. (shrink)

Este libro es un homenaje a la trayectoria intelectual y académica de la profesora María Teresa López de la Vieja, Catedrática emérita de la Universidad de Salamanca. En él se trazan algunos de los caminos que, con su obra, nos invita a transitar. El volumen recoge contribuciones de colegas de varias nacionalidades y procedentes de diversos ámbitos de reflexión que le son afines: la filosofía moral y política, la literatura, la teoría de la argumentación, los estudios feministas, las éticas aplicadas, (...) la bioética. Los capítulos que componen este libro dan voz a varias generaciones de investigadoras e investigadores que han acompañado y acompañan su andadura académica y que aquí dialogan con ella haciendo propias sus preocupaciones intelectuales. Con su participación contribuyen al justo reconocimiento de su dedicación a la labor docente e investigadora. (shrink)

Chez Leibniz tout veut être determiné par certains principes. L'ordre logique, l'ontologie, la métaphysique, la morale, même la volonté divine, dependent entièrement d'eux. Le principe de contradiction décide ce qui est ou non logiquement possible. D'autre part, le principe de raison suffisante est consideré par notre auteur comme principe des existences, mais il n'arrive pas à expliquer la realité. C'est pour cela qu'on fait appel au principe de perfection, une sorte de corollaire du principe de raison qui vient le concretiser. (...) Selon ce que nous cherchons à montrer ici, on pourrait bien l'interpréter comme la racine de la contingence, en même temps que comme le fondement de la liberté; en un mot, il représenterait en quelque sorte la cléf-de-voute de l'univers éthique leibnizien. Il ne faut pas oublier qu'on parle de la règle de ce qui doit être. (shrink)

Colección de ensayos en memoria del profesor Eloy Rada García.

En el origen de la modernidad asistimos a un proceso creciente de difusión, accesibilidad y popularización de los saberes. En este contexto, el presente trabajo desarrolla dos tesis: Una, que las “filosofías para damas” escritas por varones al comienzo de la modernidad, al margen de su intención de difundir los conocimientos científicos, representan un buen ejemplo de las inconsecuencias de una Ilustración que persigue al mismo tiempo la emancipación de la humanidad y el dominio de las mujeres. Otra, que hay (...) ensayos coetáneos de esas “filosofías para damas”, muchos de ellos escritos por mujeres, que muestran que hubo una “disputa de las mujeres” (querelle des femmes) que surgió a la par que la república europea de las letras como efecto de una ilustración temprana y como contrapunto de sus contradicciones, al pretender al mismo tiempo la transmisión del conocimiento a todo el género humano y la exclusión de las mujeres de los cauces que se normalizaban para ello. Se mostrará, tomando fundamentalmente como ejemplo autores “modelo” de la ética ilustrada (Wolff, Kant), cómo el punto decisivo de esa contradicción entre theoria y praxis reside en el pulso que sostuvieron la ética y la antropología y cómo esa incipiente querelle representa –como ha subrayado Celia Amorós– “una ilustración dentro de la ilustración” que reconstruye ese puente entre teoría y práctica, entre ética y antropología. (shrink)

This large volume comprises thirty-two essays on globalisation authored in English by chiefly Spanish-speaking scholars from Europe and Latin America, who specialise primarily in the humanities and...

Se trata de una breve reseña del volumen colectivo editado por Fina Birulés, Antonio Gómez Ramos y Concha Roldán (eds.), Vivir para pensar. Ensayos en homenaje a Manuel Cruz , Herder, Barcelona, 2012, 458 p. En este volumen participan veintisiete autores españoles y de otros países europeos, iberoamericanos y de habla inglesa.

Tomando como referencia la publicación de la segunda edición del libro de Concha Roldán Entre Casandra y Clío, el presente artículo examina algunas cuestiones relacionadas con el pasado, el presente y el futuro de la filosofía de la historia. En primer lugar, se analiza la crisis actual que atraviesa la disciplina tratando de determinar cuál puede ser el sentido de la filosofía de la historia en el comienzo del siglo XXI. En segundo lugar, se pasa revista al debate (...) a propósito del carácter científico del conocimiento histórico y se examinan sus implicaciones en la actualidad. En tercer lugar, se intenta determinar la función ética que puede desempeñar la filosofía de la historia. (shrink)

The scope and role of theological bioethics has become a growing controversial topic. For instance, some bioethicists have adopted a strong stance on the meaning of “Christian bioethics,” as not ex...

As is well known, A. C. Haddon visited Torres Straits for the first time in the\nsummer of 1888 with the purpose of studying, as a marine biologist, the fauna\nand the structure and mode of formation of the coral reefs in Torres Straits. There\nbegan Haddon’s ’conversion’ from zoology to anthropology.’ It seems that\nHaddon felt an urgent need to collect ethnographic information on the islanders\nbecause he saw they were changing and diminishing in number very quickly, and\ntherefore their customs were vanishing.\nVery soon after (...) my arrival in the Straits I found that the natives of the\nislands had of late years been greatly reduced in number, and that, with the\nexception of but one or two individuals, none of the white residents knew\nanything about the customs of the natives, and not a single person cared\nabout them personally. When I began to question the natives I discovered\nthat the young men had a very imperfect acquaintance with the old habits\nand beliefs, and that only from the older men was reliable information to be\nobtained. So it was made clear to me that if I neglected to avail myself of the\npresent opportunity of collecting information on the ethnography of the\nislanders, it was extremely probable that that knowledge would never be\ngleaned - for if no one interested himself in the matter meanwhile, it was\nalmost certain that no trustworthy information could be collected in, say, ten years’ time. This being my opinion, I felt it my duty to fill up all the\ntime not actually employed in my zoological researches in anthropological\nstudies. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo se interpretan los sentidos teológicos de los términos bíblicos "carne" y "carnalidad" mostrando su carácter ambivalente que surge de binomios cargados tanto de connotaciones negativas como positivas. Se tratará de mostrar que las primeras parten de una interpretación parcial ..

Fitch´s problem and the "knowability paradox" involve a couple of argumentations that are to each other in the same relation as Cantor´s uncollected multitudes theorem and Russell´s paradox. The authors exhibit the logical nature of the theorem and of the paradox and show their philosophical import, both from an anti-realist and from a realist perspective. In particular, the authors discuss an anti-realist solution to Fitch´s problem and provide an anti-realist interpretation of the problematic statement "It is knowable that r is (...) known and yet unknown". Then, it is argued that the knowability paradox has a solution even if one adopts a realist point of view. The authors provide a solution that takes into account the ambiguity of the term 'knowability' by deploying a temporal possible world semantics for epistemic modalities. (shrink)

This study focuses on change strategies generated through a dialogical–reflexive–participatory process designed to improve the care of families of critically ill patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) using a participatory action research in a tertiary hospital in the Balearic Islands (Spain). Eleven professionals (representatives) participated in 11 discussion groups and five in‐depth interviews. They represented the opinions of 49 colleagues (participants). Four main change strategies were created: (i) Institutionally supported practices were confronted to make a shift from professional‐centered work (...) to a more inclusive, patient‐centered approach; (ii) traditional power relations were challenged to decrease the hierarchical power differences between physicians and nurses; (iii) consensus was built about the need to move from an individual to a collective position in relation to change; and (iv) consensus was built about the need to develop a critical attitude toward the conservative nature of the unit. The strategies proposed were both transgressive and conservative; however, when compared with the initial situation, they enhanced the care offered to patients' relatives and patient safety. Transforming conservative settings requires capacity to negotiate positions and potential outcomes. However, when individual critical capacities are articulated with a new approach to micropolitics, transformative proposals can be implemented and sustained. (shrink)

Physical laws are irresistible. Logical rules are not. That is why logic is said to be normative. Given a system of logic we have a Norma, a standard of correctness. The problem is that we need another Norma to establish when the standard of correctness is to be applied. Subsequently we start by clarifying the senses in which the term ‘Iogic’ and the term ‘normativity’ are being used. Then we explore two different epistemologies for logic to see the sort of (...) defence of the normativity of logic they allow for; if any. The analysis concentrates on the case of classical logic. In particular the issue will be appraised from the perspective put forward by the epistemology based on the methodology of wide reflective equilibrium and the scientific one underlying the view of logic as model. (shrink)

Vallortigara & Rogers (V&R) propose a fundamental role of the environment in determining population-level lateralisation and suggest that genes play no primary function in this phenomenon. Here I argue that genes involved in the coordination of visceral organ laterality and in coupling of different forms of lateralisation do play a role in the control of lateralisation within the population.